Die Flugsicherung in Europa befindet sich im Wandel, denn der Europäische Luftraum und die damit verbundenen Prozesse werden seit einigen Jahren harmonisiert. Eine Vielzahl der Forschungsprojekte, die diese Entwicklung begleiten, zielt darauf ab, eine orts- und außensichtunabhängige Arbeitsumgebung für Fluglotsen zu entwickeln. Insbesondere für kleinere Regionalflughäfen besteht die Idee, eine Fernüberwachung in einem Control Center zu bündeln, da die Fluglotsen bis auf die üblichen Peak-Zeiten häufig nicht ausgelastet und teilweise unterfordert sind. Dies ermöglicht nicht nur die Fernüberwachung eines Flughafens, sondern auch die gleichzeitige Überwachung und Kontrolle aller Flugbewegungen von mehreren Flughäfen. Neben den bisherigen Aufgaben eines Fluglotsen, wie das Überwachen des Verantwortungsbereichs und die Gewährleistung einer sicheren und zügigen Abwicklung des Flugplatzverkehrs, ist bei einer Mehrfachkontrolle (Multi-Airport-Control) die Planung des Verkehrsflusses auf den zu kontrollierenden Flughäfen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Neben Systemen zum Außensichtersatz ist hierbei daher auch ein System erforderlich, dass dem Fluglotsen bei der Planung der Flugbewegungen aller Flughäfen unterstützt. Unter Berücksichtigung eines nutzerzentrierten Ansatzes, Richtlinien für einfach bedienbare Benutzerschnittstellen und mit der Intention, auch im Arbeitskontext eine hohe User Experience (UX) zu bieten, wurde das Assistenzsystem MasterMAN entwickelt. Das Konstrukt der User Experience verfolgt einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz und beinhaltet nicht nur sachbezogene Aspekte wie die Usability des Systems sondern auch hedonische Aspekte wie Nutzeremotionen. Folglich wurde eine interaktive grafische Benutzeroberfläche gestaltet, die sowohl einen leichten und sicheren Umgang mit dem System als auch ein anspruchsvolles, positiv empfundenes Look and Feel gewährleistet. Bei der Evaluierung des Systems wurden neben der analytischen Inspektionsmethode Heuristische Evaluation nach Nielsen (1994) auch die ästhetischen Aspekte der grafischen Benutzerschnittstelle mit dem Fragebogen VisAWI (Visual Aesthetics of Websites Inventory) nach Thielsch & Moshagen (2014) adressiert. Acht Usability-Experten bewerteten das Assistenzsystem, notierten alle Auffälligkeiten und Usability-Probleme und führten ein dazugehöriges Severity Rating durch. Unter Zuhilfenahme dieser Vorgehensweise wurden insgesamt 56 Probleme identifiziert, die im weiteren Verlauf der Entwicklung korrigiert wurden. In einer abschließenden Gruppendiskussion mit allen Evaluatoren und den Entwicklern wurden nach dem Vorbild des Pluralistic Walkthrough die Probleme besprochen und Lösungsansätze mit den Usability-Experten erarbeitet. Hinsichtlich der ästhetischen Gestaltung der Benutzerschnittstelle ergab die VisAWIBewertung ein überdurchschnittliches Ergebnis und bestätigte damit ein ansprechendes Design. Weitere Untersuchungen zur Zufriedenheit von Fluglotsen beim Umgang mit dem System sind geplant.

No description available.

Just like the rest of society, the use of digital technology has throughout the years become a more crucial part for train companies to improve performance, meet customer demands, improve operation and maintenance processes to increase efficiency and reliability. These solutions have through time developed to become part of a cluster named Digital Asset Management (DAM). A highly relevant segment of DAM is the maintenance and diagnostic segment (M&D) involving solutions such as diagnostic systems, and predictive maintenance. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate what the market of M&D looks like in Sweden given its complex market structure with approximately 40 private train owners. A multi-case study was conducted in which data was collected through eight semi-structured interviews with employees from different key companies in the Swedish railway industry. Based on the interviews, there are several challenges within the digitalization process in the maintenance and diagnostic segment of DAM. These are related to the following: data availability, data analysis and modelling, investments in knowledge and skills, ecosystem perspective and lastly, maintenance optimization. The role of legislation and its impact on the digitalization was studied. The transition to working with a full condition-based strategy is difficult due to the existing challenges. Instead, it is deemed optimal to implement a hybrid strategy consisting both of conventional/time-based maintenance and condition-based maintenance for applicable components given the current state of the industry. / Precis som resten av samhället har användningen av digital teknik under åren blivit en allt viktigare del för tågföretag för att förbättra prestanda, möta kundkrav, förbättra drifts- och underhållsprocesser för att öka effektivitet och tillförlitlighet. Dessa lösningar har med tiden utvecklats och blivit en del av ett kluster som kallas för Digital Asset Management (DAM) eller på svenska, digital tillgångsförvaltning. En central del av DAM är segmentet för underhåll och diagnostik (M&D) som involverar lösningar som diagnostiksystem och prediktivt underhåll. Syftet var att undersöka hur marknaden för M&D ser ut i Sverige med tanke på Sveriges komplexa marknadsstruktur. Data samlades in genom en flerfallstudie från åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda från olika nyckelföretag inom den svenska järnvägsbranschen. Baserat på intervjuerna att det finns flera utmaningar inom digitaliseringsprocessen inom segmentet för underhåll och diagnostik inom DAM. Utmaningarna är relaterade till följande områden: tillgänglighet av data, dataanalys och modellering, investeringar i kunskap och kompetens, ekosystemperspektiv och slutligen, optimering av underhåll. Lagstiftningens roll visade sig spela en viktig roll. Det konstaterades att övergången till att arbeta med en helt konditionsbaserad strategi är komplext. Med hänsyn till branschens nuvarande tillstånd är det i stället optimalt att implementera en ”hybridstrategi” som består av både konventionellt/tidsbaserat underhåll och konditionsbaserat underhåll för tillämpliga komponenter.

Contexte : La pandémie de COVID-19 a créé un besoin urgent d’agir pour réduire la propagation du virus et pour diminuer la congestion des services de santé, pour protéger les soignants et les aider à maintenir une qualité et une sécurité des soins satisfaisantes. Les plateformes de télésoins et de télésurveillance sont rapidement apparues comme des solutions potentielles. C’est ainsi qu’au Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, trois plateformes ont été mises en place : 1) une téléassistance (Telecare-Covid) apportée par des infirmiers et des médecins par des appels téléphoniques ; 2) une application de télésurveillance (CareSimple-Covid) qui permet un suivi à distance du patient à domicile, et; 3) une plateforme de téléconsultation (React- Teleconsultation) pour réaliser des consultations visuelles entre professionnels et patients. Objectif : Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer du point de vue des patients et des professionnels de santé utilisateurs des trois plateformes de télésanté mises en place pour les soins et le suivi à distance des patients atteints par la COVID-19, les dimensions suivantes : (1) la satisfaction sur la qualité et la sécurité des soins prodigués par les plateformes technologiques; (2) l’engagement des patients et le partenariat dans les soins lors de l’utilisation des plateformes technologiques; et (3) le rôle et la pertinence des plateformes technologiques en matière d’utilité, d’avantages et de limites. Méthode : Deux études transversales ont été réalisées entre juillet et septembre 2020. La première a été réalisée auprès de patients ayant utilisé une des deux plateformes Telecare-Covid et CareSimple-Covid. Des questionnaires ont été soumis par téléphone aux patients. Les données collectées ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives et d’une analyse de test t. La deuxième s’intéresse à l’utilisation par les professionnels de Telecare-Covid et React- Téléconsultation. Les données ont été recueillies par courrier électronique auprès des professionnels de santé. Nous avons mené une analyse de statistique descriptive grâce au logiciel SPSSã et STATAã. Ainsi, certains tests spécifiques ont été appliqués tels que le t-test et celui de Fisher pour comparer les différentes perceptions des utilisateurs sur certaines dimensions étudiées. Résultats : Parmi les 85 patients qui ont utilisé les deux plateformes, 51 (60 %) ont participé à la première l’étude. Pour la deuxième étude, 1 545 professionnels de la santé ont été invités à participer et 491 (31,8 %) ont répondu au sondage. De manière générale, les résultats des deux études ont montré que les perceptions des utilisateurs quant à la qualité et la sécurité des soins offerts sur les plateformes de télésurveillance étaient positives pour l’ensemble des plateformes technologiques étudiées. Les principales caractéristiques très appréciées par la plupart des utilisateurs, que ce soit chez les patients ou chez les professionnels de santé, sont : (1) la facilité d’accès aux services et la proximité des membres de l’équipe de soins; (2) la convivialité des plateformes; (3) la continuité des soins prodigués et; (4) une gamme diversifiée de services offerts. Patients comme professionnels de santé utilisateurs de ces plateformes dans les deux études ont cependant identifié certaines limites techniques et ont soulevé certains problèmes, tels que l’importance de maintenir le contact humain malgré la distance, la sécurité et la confidentialité des données et la formation. Conclusion : Cette étude suggère que les plateformes de télésanté et de télésurveillance ont été bien accueillies par les patients et les professionnels de santé et les dimensions étudiées ont été globalement perçues positivement par l’ensemble des utilisateurs, même si certaines limites existent dont il faut tenir compte. Ainsi, pour contenir les limites et enjeux identifiés et pour améliorer ces trois plateformes et maximiser leur utilisation, un processus de développement collaboratif incluant patients, professionnels de santé, décideurs et fournisseurs/concepteurs de plateformes numériques est recommandé. / Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for action to reduce the spread of the virus and reduce congestion in health services, protect caregivers and help them maintain satisfactory quality and safety of care. Telecare and telemonitoring platforms quickly emerged as potential solutions. Thus, at the University of Montreal Hospital Center, three platforms have been set up: 1) remote assistance (Telecare-Covid) provided by nurses and doctors by telephone calls, and 2) remote monitoring (CareSimple-Covid) which allows remote monitoring of the patient at home, and 3) a teleconsultation platform (React-Teleconsultation) to carry out visual consultations between professionals and patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate, from the point of view of patients and healthcare professionals who used three telehealth platforms for the care and remote monitoring of patients with COVID-19, the following dimensions: (1) satisfaction with the quality and safety of care provided by technological platforms; (2) patient engagement and partnership in care when using technology platforms; and (3) the role and relevance of technology platforms in terms of usefulness, benefits and problems, and limitations. Method: Two cross-sectional studies were carried out between July and September 2020. The first was carried out with patients who had used one of the two, Telecare-Covid and CareSimple- Covid platforms. Questionnaires were given to the patients by telephone. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test analysis. The second focuses on the use by professionals of Telecare-Covid and React-Téléconsultation. The data was collected by email from healthcare professionals. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Fisher analyzes were performed to compare perceptions of performance, safety and quality, issues and perceived problems among healthcare professionals. Results: Of the 85 patients who used both platforms, 51 (60%) participated in the first study. For the second study, 1545 healthcare professionals were invited to participate and 491 (31.8%) responded to the survey. In general, the results of the two studies showed that users' perceptions of the quality and safety of care offered on telemonitoring platforms were positive for all of the technological platforms studied. The main features highly valued by most users, whether for patients or healthcare professionals, are (1) ease of access to services and proximity to members of the care team; (2) platform usability; (3) continuity of care provided and (4) a diversified range of services offered. Both patients and healthcare professionals using these platforms in both studies have however identified certain technical limitations and raised certain issues, such as the importance of maintaining human contact despite the distance, security and confidentiality of data and training. Conclusion: This study suggests that the telehealth and telemonitoring platforms were well received by patients and health professionals and the dimensions studied were generally perceived positively by all users even if some limits exist and whose it is important to consider. Thus, to contain the identified limits and issues and improve these three platforms and maximize their use, a collaborative development process including patients, healthcare professionals, decision-makers and suppliers/designers of digital platforms is recommended.

No description available.

La importancia del presente proyecto denominado “Roadmap de soluciones tecnológicas para el monitoreo remoto en servicios ambulatorios” es atribuida al planteamiento de propuestas de soluciones que permitan mejorar el problema del bajo grado de adherencia por parte de los pacientes ambulatorios a los tratamientos médicos, al mismo tiempo que se abordaba la necesidad de investigación asociada al uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación para incrementar la adherencia a los tratamientos en cuestión. Para ello, el principal aporte de la presente investigación fue la elaboración de un roadmap de soluciones a ser implementadas en los años propuestos basado en un análisis de tendencias tecnológicas aplicadas al campo de estudio del monitoreo remoto en servicios ambulatorios.  Los resultados del proyecto fueron, por un lado, la validación satisfactoria del roadmap elaborado con el apoyo de expertos en el campo de medicina y expertos en el campo de tecnología. Por otro lado, se obtuvo una cartera de proyectos relacionados a las soluciones propuestas, en el cual se planteó proyectos de investigación para los siguientes años, asociados a las soluciones tecnológicas que se propusieron en el roadmap, y que buscaran solucionar el bajo grado de adherencia a los tratamientos. / The importance of this project called "Roadmap of technological solutions for remote monitoring in outpatient services" is attributed to the proposal of solutions that improve the problem of low degree of adherence by outpatients to medical treatments, to At the same time, the need for research associated with the use of information and communication technologies to increase adherence to the treatments in question was addressed. For this, the main contribution of this research was the development of a roadmap of solutions to be implemented in the proposed years based on an analysis of technological trends applied to the field of study of remote monitoring in outpatient services. The results of the project were, on the one hand, the satisfactory validation of the roadmap prepared with the support of experts in the field of medicine and experts in the field of technology. On the other hand, a portfolio of projects related to the proposed solutions was obtained, in which research projects were proposed for the following years, associated with the technological solutions that were proposed in the roadmap, and that sought to solve the low degree of adherence to treatments. / Tesis

Um importante diferencial competitivo das empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica é a gestão da utilização dos seus ativos elétricos. Dentre eles destaca-se o transformador de potência em função de sua importância estratégica no fornecimento de energia aos grandes centros de carga. Para minimizar os impactos operacionais e sociais associados às interrupções constantemente monitoradas para que haja controle efetivo e garantia de funcionamento adequado e otimizado. O monitoramento das suas principais características é um ponto crítico que deve ser constantemente aprimorado, pela indiscutível importância destes ativos elétricos na continuidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica. Este trabalho apresenta proposta para avaliação em tempo real de falhas em transformadores de potência, para que sejam monitorados remotamente pela distribuidora, através do seu respectivo centro de operação do sistema elétrico, propiciando assertividade e rápida tomada de decisão gerencial em ocorrências de falhas internas, reduzindo os custos associados à interrupção do fornecimento de energia elétrica, diminuindo significativamente os tempos de restabelecimento do fornecimento e consequentemente minimizando impactos nos principais Indicadores de qualidade operacional da distribuidora. / An important competitive edge of electric power distribution companies is their electric assets utilization management. Among them stands outs the power transformers because of its strategic importance in the energy supply to high demand areas. To minimize operational and social impacts associated to the electric energy supply interruptions these equipments must to have their main characteristics constantly monitored to have effective control and optimizer functioning warranty. The main characteristics monitoring is a critical point which must be constantly improved, for the unquestionable importance of these electric assets in the electric energy supply continuity. This work shows a proposal to the real time power transformer failure, to remote monitoring by the utilities thru its respective electric system operation center, enabling assertively and fast management decision making in internal failure occurrences, reducing costs associated with electric energy supply interruption, decreasing the supply reestablishing times and consequently minimizing the impacts on the main distribution operational quality indicators.

Um importante diferencial competitivo das empresas distribuidoras de energia elétrica é a gestão da utilização dos seus ativos elétricos. Dentre eles destaca-se o transformador de potência em função de sua importância estratégica no fornecimento de energia aos grandes centros de carga. Para minimizar os impactos operacionais e sociais associados às interrupções constantemente monitoradas para que haja controle efetivo e garantia de funcionamento adequado e otimizado. O monitoramento das suas principais características é um ponto crítico que deve ser constantemente aprimorado, pela indiscutível importância destes ativos elétricos na continuidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica. Este trabalho apresenta proposta para avaliação em tempo real de falhas em transformadores de potência, para que sejam monitorados remotamente pela distribuidora, através do seu respectivo centro de operação do sistema elétrico, propiciando assertividade e rápida tomada de decisão gerencial em ocorrências de falhas internas, reduzindo os custos associados à interrupção do fornecimento de energia elétrica, diminuindo significativamente os tempos de restabelecimento do fornecimento e consequentemente minimizando impactos nos principais Indicadores de qualidade operacional da distribuidora. / An important competitive edge of electric power distribution companies is their electric assets utilization management. Among them stands outs the power transformers because of its strategic importance in the energy supply to high demand areas. To minimize operational and social impacts associated to the electric energy supply interruptions these equipments must to have their main characteristics constantly monitored to have effective control and optimizer functioning warranty. The main characteristics monitoring is a critical point which must be constantly improved, for the unquestionable importance of these electric assets in the electric energy supply continuity. This work shows a proposal to the real time power transformer failure, to remote monitoring by the utilities thru its respective electric system operation center, enabling assertively and fast management decision making in internal failure occurrences, reducing costs associated with electric energy supply interruption, decreasing the supply reestablishing times and consequently minimizing the impacts on the main distribution operational quality indicators.

A challenge for the clinical management of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the large within- and between-patient variability in symptom profiles as well as the emergence of motor complications which represent a significant source of disability in patients. This thesis deals with the development and evaluation of methods and systems for supporting the management of PD by using repeated measures, consisting of subjective assessments of symptoms and objective assessments of motor function through fine motor tests (spirography and tapping), collected by means of a telemetry touch screen device. One aim of the thesis was to develop methods for objective quantification and analysis of the severity of motor impairments being represented in spiral drawings and tapping results. This was accomplished by first quantifying the digitized movement data with time series analysis and then using them in data-driven modelling for automating the process of assessment of symptom severity. The objective measures were then analysed with respect to subjective assessments of motor conditions. Another aim was to develop a method for providing comparable information content as clinical rating scales by combining subjective and objective measures into composite scores, using time series analysis and data-driven methods. The scores represent six symptom dimensions and an overall test score for reflecting the global health condition of the patient. In addition, the thesis presents the development of a web-based system for providing a visual representation of symptoms over time allowing clinicians to remotely monitor the symptom profiles of their patients. The quality of the methods was assessed by reporting different metrics of validity, reliability and sensitivity to treatment interventions and natural PD progression over time. Results from two studies demonstrated that the methods developed for the fine motor tests had good metrics indicating that they are appropriate to quantitatively and objectively assess the severity of motor impairments of PD patients. The fine motor tests captured different symptoms; spiral drawing impairment and tapping accuracy related to dyskinesias (involuntary movements) whereas tapping speed related to bradykinesia (slowness of movements). A longitudinal data analysis indicated that the six symptom dimensions and the overall test score contained important elements of information of the clinical scales and can be used to measure effects of PD treatment interventions and disease progression. A usability evaluation of the web-based system showed that the information presented in the system was comparable to qualitative clinical observations and the system was recognized as a tool that will assist in the management of patients.

Background Camera-based photoplethysmography (cbPPG) is a measurement technique which enables remote vital sign monitoring by using cameras. To obtain valid plethysmograms, proper regions of interest (ROIs) have to be selected in the video data. Most automated selection methods rely on specific spatial or temporal features limiting a broader application. In this work, we present a new method which overcomes those drawbacks and, therefore, allows cbPPG to be applied in an intraoperative environment. Methods We recorded 41 patients during surgery using an RGB and a near-infrared (NIR) camera. A Bayesian skin classifier was employed to detect suitable regions, and a level set segmentation approach to define and track ROIs based on spatial homogeneity. Results The results show stable and homogeneously illuminated ROIs. We further evaluated their quality with regards to extracted cbPPG signals. The green channel provided the best results where heart rates could be correctly estimated in 95.6% of cases. The NIR channel yielded the highest contribution in compensating false estimations. Conclusions The proposed method proved that cbPPG is applicable in intraoperative environments. It can be easily transferred to other settings regardless of which body site is considered.