This study examined the research productivity of a selected group of nurse educators in the United States. Research productivity was defined as: (1) the number of past research studies conducted in relation to degree requirements, (2) the number of past research studies conducted which were not in connection with degree requirements, (3) the number of research studies that have been published, and (4) the number of ongoing research studies. The major findings and conclusions of the study are: 1. Nurse educators holding doctorates and those holding the rank of Professor are the profession's most productive researchers. 2. The majority of the present research studies is being conducted by faculty in graduate rather than undergraduate nursing programs. Many nursing programs are providing support for faculty research. However, as a collective, the research support provided by educational institutions is minimal, and only 50 per cent of the institutions use research productivity as a criterion measure for the evaluation of faculty. 3. The majority of the research has been done in connection with degree requirements. However, 72 per cent of the nurse educators who hold doctorates report that they have conducted additional research studies in the past, and 65 per cent of them report ongoing research studies. 4. Past involvement and present involvement in nursing practice research was reported to a greater degree than the literature findings would indicate. 5. The publication plans of nurse educators show a sharp increase over their previous publication records. 6. Descriptive research is the study type chosen by the majority of nurse educators, both in the past and at the present time. 7. Priority areas listed for future research by nurse educators included clinical research in all areas, studies that will enable better prediction of student success in nursing education, and studies related to the entry into practice issue. 8. Little interest could be found in the development of nursing theories or the application of specific theories to practice.

This thesis explored the measurement of performance of New Zealand tertiary education institutions (TEIs) and the demand for their services. This involved analysing the research performance of New Zealand universities, analysing the productive efficiency of New Zealand TEIs and examining the choice of provider by bachelor’s degree starters. Bibliometric data was used to measure the research productivity of New Zealand universities. This showed that following a fall during the early 2000s, the research productivity of New Zealand universities increased following the introduction of the Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF). A multi-dimensional analysis of university research performance between 2000 and 2005 showed that no individual university was top in all four of the performance measures assessed. The overall performance of three universities, Massey University, Lincoln University and Auckland University of Technology, were noticeably below that of the other five universities. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was then applied to input and output data of New Zealand TEIs to analyse their productive efficiency. In 2006, polytechnics that had: low levels of bachelor’s degree provision, were not regionally based, had a high proportion of subcontracting and were larger institutions, achieved higher levels of pure technical efficiency. The analysis showed that several polytechnics could improve their technical efficiency by reducing their scale of operations. In polytechnics, higher technical efficiency was associated with better financial performance. A number of technically efficient polytechnics struggled financially, indicating that the overall efficiency of the polytechnic sector was not high, or the funding model they operate under is not appropriate. The analysis also showed that decreasing bachelor’s degree provision, poor financial performance in the previous year, an increase in provision of community education, was associated with higher growth in total factor productivity between 1996 and 2006. The application of DEA to Australasian university data between 1997 and 2005 showed that New Zealand universities performed relatively well in terms of relative pure technical efficiency, compared with their Australian counterparts. However, the total factor productivity of New Zealand universities increased at a lower rate, on average, than that of the Australian Group of Eight and newer Australian universities. The application of DEA to a dataset of the participating TEIs in the PBRF showed that polytechnics had lower technical efficiency, on average, than other TEIs. The choices of bachelor’s degree starters in 2006 were analysed for evidence of a lack of parity of esteem between university and polytechnic degrees. The results showed that a lack of parity of esteem between polytechnic and university degrees may be influencing student choices. Students from higher deciles schools, with higher secondary school qualifications, Asians, students who travel for study, were all more likely to enrol in a university to start a bachelor’s degree. There was less clear cut evidence of a lack of parity of esteem between selected groupings of New Zealand universities. However, there did appear to be a lack of parity of esteem between the four older metropolitan universities and the two newest universities, with signs the former were held in higher esteem.

Are foreign-born scientists different from native-born scientists with respect to research activity and performance? This question has important policy implications not only for immigration policy but also for science policy because a substantial part of scientific research in the United States is conducted by foreign-born scientists. This study examines the differences between foreign-born and native-born scientists in research collaboration, grants, and publication productivity. The data for this study are 443 curricula vitae (CVs) and survey of scientists and engineers that Research Value Mapping Program (RVM) at Georgia Tech conducted from 2000 to 2001. By using the multiple indicators, the findings show that foreign-born scientists do not differ significantly in research collaboration and grants from their native-born counterparts. But in terms of publication productivity, foreign-born scientists are consistently more productive than their native-born counterparts. This study also examines the impact of being foreign-born on research collaboration, grants, and productivity, and which factors account for the differences between foreign-born and native-born scientists in collaboration, grants, and productivity. When other relevant variables are controlled for, being foreign-born still has a strong positive effect on publication productivity. Collaboration and grants have a significant positive effect only on the productivity of native-born scientists, whereas strong research preference of foreign-born scientists contributes to their relatively higher productivity. Differences are also found among foreign-born scientists, largely depending on their national origin categorized by the similarity of language and culture. The theoretical and policy implications are also discussed.

A Study of Research and Publishing Patterns among University Faculty Members in Taiwan Huei-Yu Huang Abstract The main purposes of this study were (a) to investigate if the research and publishing patterns of university faculty members in Taiwan indicates the educational dependency phenomenon; and (b) to compare if the research and publishing patterns of the faculty with different variables (including gender, the country where faculty members acquired the highest degree, rank, years of service in university, career orientation, reputation of the departments and organizational context, academic discipline, and time spent on research or instruction) has significant differences. The subjects of this study consisted of the active researchers in natural science, social science and art & humanities in the past 3 years (1999~2001), and these subjects were selected from the local and foreign citation database of SCI, SSCI, A&HCI, TSCI, TSSCI,and THCI. Through the survey of paper and cyber questionnaire of The Survey on the Research and Publishing Patterns among University Faculty Members in Taiwan, 329 samples responded. Most analysis methods were descriptives, t-test, chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA. The findings and conclusions of this study were as follows: 1. The publishing preference of university faculty members in Taiwan indicated a center-periphery phenomenon that the educational dependency theory suggested. The research findings were published mainly in journals issued in western countries. Besides, the academic journals were also their first choice to make their research finding public. 2. The literature citation preference of faculty members in Taiwan revealed a center-periphery phenomenon that the educational theory suggested. The literature written in English and academic journals have been the main source for citation. 3. The local and foreign academic publishers did not discriminate non-resident scholars or non-local subjects during their review processes; while it was usually an effective tactics to co-work with foreign scholars or to follow the mainstream issues in order to have the academic papers successfully published. 4. The faculty members in Taiwan commonly had the attitudes of endorsing the local citation index database. However, most subjects still deemed the journals of foreign database as the preferred sources of reference in their promotion processes of professorial ranks, and insisted on submitting their papers to foreign journals. 5. The research and publishing patterns of the faculty members with different variables (including gender, the country where faculty members acquired the highest degree, rank, years of service in university, career orientation, reputation of the departments and organizational context, academic discipline, and time spent on research or instruction) had significant differences. Finally, some suggestions were proposed by the researcher for related institutions, faculty members, and further studies.

This thesis explored the measurement of performance of New Zealand tertiary education institutions (TEIs) and the demand for their services. This involved analysing the research performance of New Zealand universities, analysing the productive efficiency of New Zealand TEIs and examining the choice of provider by bachelor’s degree starters. Bibliometric data was used to measure the research productivity of New Zealand universities. This showed that following a fall during the early 2000s, the research productivity of New Zealand universities increased following the introduction of the Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF). A multi-dimensional analysis of university research performance between 2000 and 2005 showed that no individual university was top in all four of the performance measures assessed. The overall performance of three universities, Massey University, Lincoln University and Auckland University of Technology, were noticeably below that of the other five universities. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was then applied to input and output data of New Zealand TEIs to analyse their productive efficiency. In 2006, polytechnics that had: low levels of bachelor’s degree provision, were not regionally based, had a high proportion of subcontracting and were larger institutions, achieved higher levels of pure technical efficiency. The analysis showed that several polytechnics could improve their technical efficiency by reducing their scale of operations. In polytechnics, higher technical efficiency was associated with better financial performance. A number of technically efficient polytechnics struggled financially, indicating that the overall efficiency of the polytechnic sector was not high, or the funding model they operate under is not appropriate. The analysis also showed that decreasing bachelor’s degree provision, poor financial performance in the previous year, an increase in provision of community education, was associated with higher growth in total factor productivity between 1996 and 2006. The application of DEA to Australasian university data between 1997 and 2005 showed that New Zealand universities performed relatively well in terms of relative pure technical efficiency, compared with their Australian counterparts. However, the total factor productivity of New Zealand universities increased at a lower rate, on average, than that of the Australian Group of Eight and newer Australian universities. The application of DEA to a dataset of the participating TEIs in the PBRF showed that polytechnics had lower technical efficiency, on average, than other TEIs. The choices of bachelor’s degree starters in 2006 were analysed for evidence of a lack of parity of esteem between university and polytechnic degrees. The results showed that a lack of parity of esteem between polytechnic and university degrees may be influencing student choices. Students from higher deciles schools, with higher secondary school qualifications, Asians, students who travel for study, were all more likely to enrol in a university to start a bachelor’s degree. There was less clear cut evidence of a lack of parity of esteem between selected groupings of New Zealand universities. However, there did appear to be a lack of parity of esteem between the four older metropolitan universities and the two newest universities, with signs the former were held in higher esteem.

The purpose of this study is to determine the possible relationship between post-doctoral research productivity of doctorally prepared nurses and instructional experiences of doctoral study, conditions of employment and other factors that may be related to research productivity. The design of the study is causal comparative.

Submitted by Timbo Noeme (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-09T16:06:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Candido.docx: 24644239 bytes, checksum: dba8721bfc872ae75f54d17f5038f9ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T16:06:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Candido.docx: 24644239 bytes, checksum: dba8721bfc872ae75f54d17f5038f9ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Financial Administration comes in the early XIX century with the movement of consolidation of big business and the formation of the American national markets while in Brazil the first studies occur from the second half of the XX century. Since then the country has managed to consolidate some centers of excellence in research, form significant group of senior researchers and expand the areas of research in the field, however, there are few studies that seek to portray the characteristics of scientific productivity in Finance. Seeking to contribute to a better understanding of production behavior of this area this research studies its scientific production, materialized in the form of digital articles published in 24 national journals highly ranked in the strata Qualis / CAPES A2, B1 and B2 of the Administration Area, Accounting and Tourism. For both are applied to Bradford's Law, Elitism Act of Price and Lotka's Law. By Bradford Act identifies three productivity areas and the core consists of three magazines, one of them being classified in stratum Qualis / CAPES B2, which highlights the limitation of a cut on the sole criterion to Qualis / CAPES classification. For Elitism Act of Price, either by direct or full count, did not identify the behavior of an elite similar to that indicated by the theory and which has large number of authors with one publication. Applying the model of Inverse Power Generalized calculated by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), we found that productivity of researchers, when done by direct counting, suited to that defined by the Lotka Law to the level of α = 0.01 significance, however, the complete count can not confirm the hypothesis of homogeneity of the distributions, plus the fact that the two counts productivity analyzed by the parameter n is greater than 2 and therefore the productivity of the finance researchers is lower than that advocated by the theory . / A Administração Financeira surge no início do século XIX juntamente com o movimento de consolidação das grandes empresas e a formação dos mercados nacionais americano enquanto que no Brasil os primeiros estudos ocorrem a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Desde entãoo país conseguiu consolidar alguns centros de excelência em pesquisa, formar grupo significativo de pesquisadores seniores e expandir as áreas de pesquisa no campo, contudo, ainda são poucos os trabalhos que buscam retratar as características da produtividade científica em Finanças. Buscando contribuir para a melhor compreensão do comportamento produtivo dessa área a presente pesquisa estuda sua produção científica, materializada na forma de artigos digitais, publicados em 24 conceituados periódicos nacionais classificados nos estratos Qualis/CAPES A2, B1 e B2 da Área de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo. Para tanto são aplicadas a Lei de Bradford, Lei do Elitismo de Price e Lei de Lotka. Pela Lei de Bradford são identificadas três zonas de produtividade sendo o núcleo formado por três revistas, estando uma delas classificada no estrato Qualis/CAPES B2, o que evidencia a limitação de um recorte tendo como único critério a classificação Qualis/CAPES. Para a Lei do Elitismo de Price, seja pela contagem direta ou completa, não identificamos comportamento de uma elite semelhante ao apontado pela teoria e que conta com grande número de autores com apenas uma publicação.Aplicando-se o modelo do Poder Inverso Generalizado, calculado por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO), verificamos que produtividade dos pesquisadores, quando feita pela contagem direta, se adequa àquela definida pela Lei de Lotka ao nível de α = 0,01 de significância, contudo, pela contagem completa não podemos confirmar a hipótese de homogeneidade das distribuições, além do fato de que nas duas contagens a produtividade analisada pelo parâmetro n é maior que 2 e, portanto, a produtividade do pesquisadores de finanças é menor que a defendida pela teoria.

The assessment of the scientific output of the proponent is part of the evaluation of research projects in public research funding agencies, such as the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). The standardized Lattes curriculum vitae is the source of information used by the Advisory Committees to analyze individual scientific production. Standardized indicators of productivity are used to evaluate the quantity and quality of the scientific output of a researcher. The increasing demand for research productivity fellowship (RPF) support without a corresponding increase in research budget revealed an issue that is the subject of this work. An increasing number of proponents fulfill, or even exceed, the minimum requirements of productivity indicators for RPF granting. However, the number of granted researchers does not increase due to budget restrictions, making the process more competitive. In this study we questioned both granted and non-granted RPF proponents how they perceived the relative importance and susceptibility of various indicators of scientific productivity of CV Lattes. In addition we asked for suggestions of new research productivity indicators and what should be changed in the current scenario of productivity indicators extracted from CV Lattes. The proponents demand ethics and integrity in the evaluation of research projects and that the merit of the research should be taken into account, in addition to quantitative curriculum information. The proponents considered the most important indicators the less susceptible to manipulation, such as publications and grants, but also other indicators, such as national and international awards. This study revealed a significant difference in the relative importance and susceptibility attributed to output indicators between RPF status and gender. Despite the observed differences, a list of consensual most important and least susceptible indicators was established. The most important and least susceptible indicators of scientific productivity were: number of M.Sc. and Ph.D. students advised, number of research projects funded by international research funding agency as principal investigator, number of research projects funded by national research funding agency as principal investigator, number of post-docs advised, number of research projects funded by state research funding agency as principal investigator, number of articles as corresponding author, number of articles in indexed journals, international award received, editorial board membership of indexed international journal, reviewer member of indexed international journal and speaker of international conference. Women attributed higher scores of importance to 36 out of 39 variables, and lower scores of susceptibility to 35 out of 39 variables than men. Though this study involves researchers from the biosciences, its results and conclusions may change the methodology used to classify scientific productivity fellowship granting in all areas of knowledge, since it involves the analysis of scientific productivity between applicants. / A avaliação da produção científica de um pesquisador constitui valor decisivo no financiamento de projetos de pesquisa com recursos públicos oriundos de agências de fomento, definindo-se o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq como foco deste estudo. Fundamentado nesse princípio, o CV Lattes do pesquisador é a fonte de informações pela qual o CNPq, por meio de seus Comitês de Assessoramento, analisa a produção científica individual dos proponentes com base em indicadores de produtividade padronizados. A crescente demanda por apoio a projetos de pesquisa e, principalmente, por bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa bolsas PQ , sem o correspondente aumento de recursos públicos necessários para contemplá-las integralmente, revelaram uma problemática que constitui o objeto de estudo desse trabalho. Observa-se número cada vez maior de pesquisadores que atendem, e até mesmo superam, os requisitos mínimos para a concessão de bolsas PQ. Assim, questionou-se aos pesquisadores das áreas de biociências, tanto bolsistas PQ como não bolsistas, como eles percebem a importância dos vários indicadores de produtividade científica do CV Lattes. Da mesma forma, buscou-se a opinião deles sobre a susceptibilidade destes indicadores à manipulação tendenciosa, apresentada a eles como sendo o superdimensionamento da produção do pesquisador com vistas a um benefício em uma análise competitiva entre os pares. Adicionalmente, foram solicitadas sugestões de novos indicadores e/ou reformulações dos atuais objetivando assim realizar análise qualitativa dessas sugestões sobre o que deveria ser modificado no atual cenário de indicadores de produtividade do CV Lattes. Nesse estudo, hipotetizou-se que a opinião sobre importância e susceptibilidade dos indicadores de produção científica muda em função do nível de bolsa PQ do requerente e que os indicadores mais importantes seriam aqueles considerados menos suscetíveis. Verificou-se que os pesquisadores demandam ética e integridade na avaliação de projetos de pesquisa e que seja valorizado o mérito da pesquisa e não apenas a quantificação das informações curriculares. Os resultados confirmam que os indicadores considerados mais importantes foram aqueles entendidos como menos suscetíveis à manipulação tendenciosa, que foram: orientação de mestrado e doutorado, coordenação de projetos de pesquisa financiados por agência de fomento internacional, coordenação de projetos de pesquisa financiados por agência de fomento nacional, supervisão de pós-doutorado, coordenação de projetos de pesquisa financiados por agência de fomento estadual, artigos publicados como autor correspondente, artigos publicados em periódicos indexados, prêmio internacional, membro de conselho editorial de periódico indexado internacional, revisor de periódico internacional e conferencista internacional. Figuraram entre eles os indicadores tradicionais, como publicações e orientações, e também indicadores pouco valorizados na avaliação da produção científica, como prêmios nacionais e internacionais. Mostrou-se que a magnitude de importância e suscetibilidade atribuída aos indicadores difere entre os bolsistas em seus diferentes níveis e os não bolsistas. O mesmo foi observado em relação ao gênero dos pesquisadores. Proponentes do sexo feminino atribuíram escores mais altos de importância e menores de susceptibilidade à maioria dos indicadores analisados. Mesmo que o foco deste estudo esteja nas opiniões dos pesquisadores das áreas de biociências, os resultados têm potencial de alterar a metodologia utilizada nas avaliações das concorrências para bolsas de produtividade científica, uma vez que o princípio para concessão de recursos à pesquisa está fundamentado na análise do mérito científico, geralmente atrelado ao nível de produtividade dos pesquisadores concorrentes.

In an attempt to transition from its oil-based economy, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is taking further steps towards building a knowledge-based economy. Saudi universities play a pivotal role toward the country’s attempts to achieve the desired sustainable economic growth. And because knowledge production is dependent on the human capital embedded in faculty members working at theses universities, the recommendations of the Saudi National Science and Technology Policy stressed the importance of enhancing research skills of faculty members and researchers at public universities using different means and initiatives. However, a little is known about the impact of the implemented initiatives to promote research on the actual research outcomes of faculty members working at these universities. This study examined the impact of research promoting practices, and faculty personal characteristics (i.e., age, gender, marital status, academic rank, citizenship, and origin of PhD degree) on the levels of faculty research productivity at four Saudi Arabian public universities: King Saud University (KSU), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), King Khalid University (KKU), and King Faisal University (KFU). All PhD holder faculty members working at these universities were included in the sample of the study. A self-administrate web-based survey questionnaire was used to collect data for this study. Out of 7072 distributed questionnaires, 389 answered questionnaires were used for the data analysis. Multiple regression results revealed that the following research-promoting practices have positive and significant relationships with faculty research productivity: supportive collegial environment, the high perception of the academic editing and translating services, the positive perception of the research funding process, the rate of participation in collaboration programs, and conference attendance. Faculty’s perception of the role of research centers and research financial incentives revealed reverse relationships with certain types of faculty research productivity. Among the personal characteristics of faculty members, full professors were found to have the highest levels of research productivity. Citizenship (tenure status), and origin of PhD degree were found to have positive relationships with certain types of faculty research productivity. Male faculty were found to have more publications in refereed journals compared to female faculty. Also, older faculty were found to have more publications in refereed journals compared to junior faculty.

O presente estudo buscou compreender os efeitos do uso de incentivos financeiros na produtividade dos beneficiários do Programa de Produtividade em Pesquisa (PPP) da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), sob a ótica da Economia Comportamental. Teve como objetivos, verificar se através dos incentivos, os indivíduos aumentaram ou não a produtividade em pesquisa. Buscou-se também, identificar quais as características individuais impactaram mais a propensão dos indivíduos a ingressarem no programa, bem como, analisar se os resultados obtidos convergiram ou divergiram da teoria da Economia Comportamental. Para alcançar o intento, foi realizada análise documental (AD), onde foram analisados os currículos lattes dos 125 integrantes da amostra. Em seguida, os dados foram sistematizados e a pontuação atribuída a cada indivíduo foi tabulada. Com os resultados obtidos na AD, utilizou-se os modelos econométricos Propensity Score Matching (PSM) e Diferença em Diferenças (DD) para aferir o efeito do tratamento. Como resultados, verificou-se através do modelo PSM que o efeito do tratamento no período da intervenção foi positivo. Já quando este resultado foi comparado com o período pré-intervenção, através da aplicação do modelo DD, verificou-se que o efeito do tratamento foi negativo. Constatou-se, porém, que o efeito negativo apontado pelo modelo DD decorreu da aproximação de desempenho dos integrantes do grupo controle (aumento de 84,69% na produtividade média do grupo), em relação aos integrantes do grupo de tratamento, e não pela diminuição do desempenho dos tratados, tendo em vista que, houve aumento de 13,68% na produtividade média do grupo, entre um período e outro. Ou seja, durante o período de vigência do programa, houve aumento da média de produtividade nos dois grupos analisados. No geral, os resultados alcançados convergiram com os pressupostos teóricos da Economia Comportamental. / The present study sought to understand the effects of the use of financial incentives on the productivity of beneficiaries of the Research Productivity Program (PPP) of the Federal University of Tocantins from the perspective of Behavioral Economics. The objective was to verify if through the incentives the individuals increased or not the productivity. It was also sought to identify which individual characteristics impacted more the individuals' propensity to enter the program as well as to analyze if the results obtained converged or diverged from the behavioral theory. To reach the intent, a documentary analysis (AD) was carried out, where the lattes resume of the 125 sample members were analyzed. Then the data were systematized and the score attributed to each individual was tabulated. With the results obtained in the AD, the econometric models Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference in Differences (DD) were used to gauge the treatment effect. As results, it was verified through the PSM model that the treatment effect in the intervention period was positive. When this result was compared with the pre-intervention period through the application of the DD model, it was verified that the effect of the treatment was negative. It was observed, however, that the negative effect indicated by the DD model resulted from the approximation of the performance of the control group (increase of 84,69% in the average productivity of the group) in relation to the members of the treatment group, since there was an increase of 13,68% in the average of the treated individuals. That is, during the period of validity of the program, there was an increase in the average productivity of the two groups analyzed. In general, the results achieved converged with the theoretical assumptions of Behavioral Economics.