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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

The impact of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of severe diarrhea and ARI in children in Nepal a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (International Health) ... /

Sumarno, Iman. January 1994 (has links)
Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1994.
22

The impact of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of severe diarrhea and ARI in children in Nepal a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (International Health) ... /

Sumarno, Iman. January 1994 (has links)
Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1994.
23

Problemas respiratórios em crianças menores de dois anos e a reprodução social das famílias (estudo populacional no município de Itupeva SP) / Respiratory problems in children under two years old and social reproduction of families (population study in Itupeva city, SP, Brazil)

Minagawa, Aurea Tamami 29 November 2007 (has links)
A estreita relação entre saúde da criança e fatores sociais e econômicos é reconhecida há muito tempo, mas ainda a grande maioria das crianças pobres que adoece morre mais. Portanto, é necessário ampliar o conhecimento a respeito da rede de determinantes (distais, intermediários e proximais) dos problemas de saúde mais prevalentes nas crianças. As doenças respiratórias constituem uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade infantil no Brasil e no mundo Justifica-se, pois, reconhecer os processos determinantes dos problemas respiratórios, considerando a determinação social do processo saúde-doença. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar a prevalência dos problemas respiratórios nos diferentes grupos sociais homogêneos; caracterizar como esses problemas se relacionam às formas de reprodução social das famílias e avaliar os determinantes proximais, intermediários e distais associados à sua ocorrência. Este estudo populacional transversal foi realizado no município de Itupeva (SP), numa amostra representativa de 261 crianças menores de dois anos. A partir de um modelo teórico hierarquizado, centrado na categoria da reprodução social, foram compostos os perfis de reprodução social, utilizando-se uma base teórico-metodológica-operacional que predefiniu três grupos sociais homogêneos (GSH): formas de trabalhar e de viver adequadas (GSH1); formas de trabalhar ou de viver adequadas (GSH2) e formas de trabalhar e de viver inadequadas (GSH3). Os problemas respiratórios foram detectados segundo informações obtidas por meio de inquérito recordatório do último mês. Associações foram verificadas pelo teste Qui-quadrado (variáveis categóricas) ou teste de Fischer, e teste t de Student (variáveis contínuas). Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística não condicional para a análise múltipla. Para evitar exclusão de variáveis importantes, utilizou-se um nível de significância de 0,20 e para indicar associação estatisticamente significativa, nível de 0,05. Na análise múltipla, as associações foram expressas em odds ratio e seu intervalo de confiança [IC] para 95%. A prevalência de problema respiratório foi de 71,6% (IC95% 65,8 - 77,0), sendo maior nos estratos inferiores, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significativa: 64,0% no GSH1, 75,8% no GSH2 e de 71,5% GSH3 (p>0,05). Com relação ao total da amostra, a escolaridade do pai se mostrou estatisticamente diferente entre as crianças que haviam apresentado problema respiratório e aquelas que não haviam apresentado: 56,1% dos pais das crianças com problemas respiratórios tinham menos de 7 anos de estudo, enquanto 62,9% dos pais das crianças sem problemas respiratórios tinham mais de 7 anos de estudo. A escolaridade materna seguiu a mesma tendência. A ocorrência de problemas respiratórios foi discretamente maior nas crianças do sexo feminino, e naquelas de 12 a 18 meses. A primeira etapa da regressão logística testou cada variável que se associou com a ocorrência de problemas respiratórios (p<0,20). A segunda etapa foi verificar em cada nível hierárquico (determinantes distais, intermediários e proximais), as variáveis que mantinham associação com a ocorrência de problemas respiratórios, quando analisadas em conjunto com as outras variáveis do mesmo nível. A terceira etapa incluiu, no modelo, os determinantes distais (variáveis sociodemográficas e de trabalho do chefe) e intermediários (formas de viver). Nessa fase, o modelo selecionou, como significativamente associadas com a ocorrência de problemas respiratórios, a escolaridade do pai e a ventilação da casa. Variáveis essas que permaneceram na quarta etapa, em que se incluíram os determinantes proximais (características infantis e de atendimento à saúde). Permaneceram significativamente associadas à ocorrência de problemas respiratórios, até a última etapa do modelo hierarquizado, a escolaridade do pai e a idade da criança, o que demonstra a importância dos determinantes distais no desfecho do processo saúde-doença. Embora a melhoria nas formas de trabalhar e de viver das famílias aparentemente não seja atribuição de profissionais de saúde, uma vez que se atrelam a transformações estruturais, estes são responsáveis pela conscientização da população e sua mobilização em torno de objetivos comuns, em busca de uma melhor integração social / The close relation between children\'s health and socioeconomics factors is recognized for a long time; however, even so the most majority of poor children which become sick die more than others. Therefore, it\'s necessary to enlarge de knowledge about the determinants (distal, intermediate and proximal) of most prevalent children\'s health problems. Respiratory disease is one of the main causes of infant morbidity and mortality in Brazil and in the world. So it\'s justified to recognize the processes that determine the respiratory problems, considering the social determination of health-disease process. Thus, this work aimed to estimate the prevalence of respiratory problems at different homogeneous social groups; to characterize how these problems are related to social reproduction of families and to evaluate the proximal and distal determinants related to their occurrence. This transverse population study was carried out at the city of Itupeva (São Paulo, Brazil), with a representative sample of 261 children under 2 years old. Based on a hierarchical theoretical model, focused on social reproduction, the profiles of social reproduction were composed by using an operationalmethodological- theoretical basis that pre-defined three homogeneous social groups (HSG): proper ways of working and living (HSG1), proper ways of working or living (HSG2); improper ways of working and living (HSG3). The respiratory problems were detected through information got from the remainder inquiry of the last month. Associations were observed through Chi-square test (scaled variables) or Fischer Test, and Student t-test (continuous variables). The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to accomplish the multiple analyses. In order to avoid exclusion of important variables, it was used a significance level of 0.20, and a level of 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant association. At the multiple analysis, the association were expressed by odds ratio (OR) and their confidence interval (CI) to 95%. The prevalence of respiratory problem was 71.6% (CI95% 65.8 - 77), being greater at inferior layers, but without a statistically significant difference: 64.0% at HSG1, 75.8% at HSG2 and 71.5% at HSG3 (p>0.05). With regard to the total of sample, father\'s schooling level has showed to be statistically different among children which have presented respiratory problem and children which not presented: 56.1% of fathers (children with respiratory problems) have less than seven years of schooling, while 62.9 of fathers (children without respiratory problems) have more than seven years of schooling. Mother\'s schooling follows the same tendency. The occurrence of respiratory problems was a little bigger to female children and to those with ages among 12-18 months. The first step of logistic regression has tested each variable associated with the occurrence of respiratory problem (p<0.20). The objective of the second step was to check in each hierarchical level (distal, intermediate and proximal determinants) the variables that kept an association with the occurrence of respiratory problems when analyzed together with others of the same level. The third step has included (in the model) the distal determinants (socialdemographics variables and work of household variables) and intermediate determinants (ways of living). At this stage, the model has chosen, as significantly related to respiratory problems, the father\'s schooling level and the house ventilation. These variables have remained in the fourth step, and in these same step it has been included the proximal determinants (infant characteristics and health care). Also the father\'s schooling level and children\'s age have remained significantly associated to until the last step of the model respiratory problems; this demonstrates the importance of the distal determinants in the conclusion of the process health-disease. Although the improvement of the ways of working and living of the families appear not to be part of attributions of health professionals (once these ways are linked to structural transformations), they are responsible to aware and mobilize the population around a common objective, that is a better social integration
24

Avaliação da eficácia e segurança de doses crescentes de salbutamol, administrado através  de inalador dosimetrado, em crianças e adolescentes com crise de asma / Evaluation of efficacy and safety of increasing doses of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler in children and adolescents with acute asthma episodes

Muchão, Fabio Pereira 18 November 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A dosagem ideal de salbutamol através de inaladores dosimetrados para o tratamento da asma aguda na infância não está bem estabelecida. Este estudo visou comparar dois regimes de dosagem de salbutamol via inalador dosimetrado com espaçador em crianças com crises moderadas ou graves de asma. As hipóteses deste estudo foram: I. Pacientes em vigência de crises de sibilância moderadas ou graves necessitam doses de salbutamol maiores que as até recentemente recomendadas pelo Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). II. Doses maiores de salbutamol são seguras para crianças com idade igual ou superior a dois anos de idade. OBJETIVOS: I. Avaliar a eficácia (principalmente tempo de permanência na sala de emergência e taxas de internação hospitalar) de um regime de doses maiores de salbutamol em comparação com as até recentemente recomendadas pelo GINA. II. Verificar a segurança destas dosagens de salbutamol através do monitoramento de possíveis efeitos colaterais e dos níveis plasmáticos desta droga. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado realizado em salas de emergência de três centros na cidade de São Paulo. Foram incluídos pacientes com 2-17 anos de idade com asma aguda moderada a grave (escore PRAM, Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure, >= 5). As dosagens de salbutamol via inalador dosimetrado com espaçador administradas durante a primeira hora foram: 6 (até 25 kg) ou 12 jatos ( > 25 kg) no grupo controle e 9 (até 15 kg), 12 ( > 15 a 20 kg), 15 ( > 20 a 25 kg) ou 18 jatos ( > 25 kg) no grupo estudo. Cada jato continha 100 mcg de salbutamol. Os pacientes dos dois grupos receberam corticosteroides e brometo de ipratrópio. Os desfechos principais do estudo foram o tempo de permanência na sala de emergência para os pacientes não internados e a necessidade ou não de internação hospitalar. Os desfechos secundários foram: mudança no volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) após uma hora, mudanças no escore PRAM, na oximetria de pulso e na frequência respiratória após uma hora e no tempo final (momento da alta ou internação hospitalar, máximo de quatro horas) e a necessidade de tratamentos adicionais após a primeira hora. Os desfechos de segurança incluíram mudanças nos níveis séricos de potássio, glicose, bicarbonato e pH no tempo final em relação ao tempo inicial, bem como possíveis anormalidades no eletrocardiograma, níveis plasmáticos de salbutamol, mudanças na frequência cardíaca e presença ou ausência de tremores, os dois últimos após uma hora e no tempo final. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 119 pacientes com condições basais semelhantes e não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no tempo de permanência na sala de emergência (p=0.55) ou nas taxas de internação hospitalar (p=0.48). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas mudanças de VEF1 após uma hora, nas mudanças de escore PRAM, na oximetria de pulso e na frequência respiratória após uma hora e no tempo final. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos na necessidade de tratamentos adicionais administrados após a primeira hora. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos desfechos de segurança entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de doses maiores de salbutamol administradas através de inalador dosimetrado com espaçador em crianças com asma aguda moderada ou grave não resultou em menor taxa de internação, menor tempo de permanência na sala de emergência ou melhora em outros desfechos de eficácia em comparação com o regime de dosagens até recentemente proposto pelo GINA. Os dois regimes de dosagens mostraram perfis de segurança semelhantes / INTRODUCTION: The ideal dosing of albuterol via metered-dose inhalers for acute childhood asthma is not well established. This study aimed to compare two dosing regimens of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer in children with moderate to severe asthma attacks. The hypothesis of this study were: I. Patients with moderate to severe asthma attacks would benefit from higher doses of albuterol than those recommended until recently by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). II. Higher doses of albuterol are safe for children two years of age and older. OBJECTIVES: I. To compare the efficacy (mainly length of stay in the emergency room and admission rates) of higher doses of albuterol with those recommended until recently by the GINA. II. To assess the safety of different doses of albuterol by monitoring for possible side effects and measuring drug plasma levels. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study conducted in emergency rooms of the three participating centers in the city of São Paulo. We included patients with 2-17 years old with moderate to severe acute asthma (Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure, PRAM, score >= 5). Dosages of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer administered during the first hour included: 6 (up to 25 kg) or 12 puffs ( > 25 kg) in the control group and 9 (up to 15 kg), 12 ( > 15 to 20 kg), 15 ( > 20 to 25 kg) or 18 puffs ( > 25 kg) in the study group. Each puff contained 100 mcg of albuterol. All patients received corticosteroids and ipratropium bromide. Primary outcomes were the length of stay in the emergency room for non-admitted patients, and rate of admission. Secondary outcomes included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) changes following one hour, PRAM score, pulse oximetry and respiratory rate changes following one hour and at the final time (discharge or admission, maximum four hours) and the need for additional therapies after the first hour. Safety outcomes included changes in serum potassium, glucose, bicarbonate and pH at the final time in comparison with the initial time, as well as electrocardiogram abnormalities, plasma albuterol levels, heart rate, and tremors (the last two after one hour and at the final time). RESULTS: We included 119 patients with similar baseline conditions, and no significant differences were observed between groups in the length of stay in the emergency room (p=0.55) or admission rates (p=0.48). No significant differences were observed between groups in FEV1 changes after one hour, and PRAM score, pulse oximetry and respiratory rate changes after one hour and at the final time. There were no significant differences between groups in additional therapies administered after the first hour. No significant differences were observed in safety outcomes between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dosage regimens of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer for children with moderate to severe acute asthma did not result in lower admission rate, shorter length of stay in the emergency room or improvement in other efficacy outcomes in comparison with those recommended until recently by the GINA. Both dosage regimens showed similar safety profile
25

Avaliação da eficácia e segurança de doses crescentes de salbutamol, administrado através  de inalador dosimetrado, em crianças e adolescentes com crise de asma / Evaluation of efficacy and safety of increasing doses of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler in children and adolescents with acute asthma episodes

Fabio Pereira Muchão 18 November 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A dosagem ideal de salbutamol através de inaladores dosimetrados para o tratamento da asma aguda na infância não está bem estabelecida. Este estudo visou comparar dois regimes de dosagem de salbutamol via inalador dosimetrado com espaçador em crianças com crises moderadas ou graves de asma. As hipóteses deste estudo foram: I. Pacientes em vigência de crises de sibilância moderadas ou graves necessitam doses de salbutamol maiores que as até recentemente recomendadas pelo Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). II. Doses maiores de salbutamol são seguras para crianças com idade igual ou superior a dois anos de idade. OBJETIVOS: I. Avaliar a eficácia (principalmente tempo de permanência na sala de emergência e taxas de internação hospitalar) de um regime de doses maiores de salbutamol em comparação com as até recentemente recomendadas pelo GINA. II. Verificar a segurança destas dosagens de salbutamol através do monitoramento de possíveis efeitos colaterais e dos níveis plasmáticos desta droga. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado realizado em salas de emergência de três centros na cidade de São Paulo. Foram incluídos pacientes com 2-17 anos de idade com asma aguda moderada a grave (escore PRAM, Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure, >= 5). As dosagens de salbutamol via inalador dosimetrado com espaçador administradas durante a primeira hora foram: 6 (até 25 kg) ou 12 jatos ( > 25 kg) no grupo controle e 9 (até 15 kg), 12 ( > 15 a 20 kg), 15 ( > 20 a 25 kg) ou 18 jatos ( > 25 kg) no grupo estudo. Cada jato continha 100 mcg de salbutamol. Os pacientes dos dois grupos receberam corticosteroides e brometo de ipratrópio. Os desfechos principais do estudo foram o tempo de permanência na sala de emergência para os pacientes não internados e a necessidade ou não de internação hospitalar. Os desfechos secundários foram: mudança no volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) após uma hora, mudanças no escore PRAM, na oximetria de pulso e na frequência respiratória após uma hora e no tempo final (momento da alta ou internação hospitalar, máximo de quatro horas) e a necessidade de tratamentos adicionais após a primeira hora. Os desfechos de segurança incluíram mudanças nos níveis séricos de potássio, glicose, bicarbonato e pH no tempo final em relação ao tempo inicial, bem como possíveis anormalidades no eletrocardiograma, níveis plasmáticos de salbutamol, mudanças na frequência cardíaca e presença ou ausência de tremores, os dois últimos após uma hora e no tempo final. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 119 pacientes com condições basais semelhantes e não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no tempo de permanência na sala de emergência (p=0.55) ou nas taxas de internação hospitalar (p=0.48). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas mudanças de VEF1 após uma hora, nas mudanças de escore PRAM, na oximetria de pulso e na frequência respiratória após uma hora e no tempo final. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos na necessidade de tratamentos adicionais administrados após a primeira hora. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos desfechos de segurança entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de doses maiores de salbutamol administradas através de inalador dosimetrado com espaçador em crianças com asma aguda moderada ou grave não resultou em menor taxa de internação, menor tempo de permanência na sala de emergência ou melhora em outros desfechos de eficácia em comparação com o regime de dosagens até recentemente proposto pelo GINA. Os dois regimes de dosagens mostraram perfis de segurança semelhantes / INTRODUCTION: The ideal dosing of albuterol via metered-dose inhalers for acute childhood asthma is not well established. This study aimed to compare two dosing regimens of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer in children with moderate to severe asthma attacks. The hypothesis of this study were: I. Patients with moderate to severe asthma attacks would benefit from higher doses of albuterol than those recommended until recently by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). II. Higher doses of albuterol are safe for children two years of age and older. OBJECTIVES: I. To compare the efficacy (mainly length of stay in the emergency room and admission rates) of higher doses of albuterol with those recommended until recently by the GINA. II. To assess the safety of different doses of albuterol by monitoring for possible side effects and measuring drug plasma levels. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study conducted in emergency rooms of the three participating centers in the city of São Paulo. We included patients with 2-17 years old with moderate to severe acute asthma (Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure, PRAM, score >= 5). Dosages of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer administered during the first hour included: 6 (up to 25 kg) or 12 puffs ( > 25 kg) in the control group and 9 (up to 15 kg), 12 ( > 15 to 20 kg), 15 ( > 20 to 25 kg) or 18 puffs ( > 25 kg) in the study group. Each puff contained 100 mcg of albuterol. All patients received corticosteroids and ipratropium bromide. Primary outcomes were the length of stay in the emergency room for non-admitted patients, and rate of admission. Secondary outcomes included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) changes following one hour, PRAM score, pulse oximetry and respiratory rate changes following one hour and at the final time (discharge or admission, maximum four hours) and the need for additional therapies after the first hour. Safety outcomes included changes in serum potassium, glucose, bicarbonate and pH at the final time in comparison with the initial time, as well as electrocardiogram abnormalities, plasma albuterol levels, heart rate, and tremors (the last two after one hour and at the final time). RESULTS: We included 119 patients with similar baseline conditions, and no significant differences were observed between groups in the length of stay in the emergency room (p=0.55) or admission rates (p=0.48). No significant differences were observed between groups in FEV1 changes after one hour, and PRAM score, pulse oximetry and respiratory rate changes after one hour and at the final time. There were no significant differences between groups in additional therapies administered after the first hour. No significant differences were observed in safety outcomes between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dosage regimens of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer for children with moderate to severe acute asthma did not result in lower admission rate, shorter length of stay in the emergency room or improvement in other efficacy outcomes in comparison with those recommended until recently by the GINA. Both dosage regimens showed similar safety profile
26

Implementing a Weighted Spatial Smoothing Algorithm to Identify a Lung Cancer Belt in the United States

Blackley, David, Zheng, Shimin, Ketchum, Winn 01 October 2012 (has links)
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, but a large fraction of cases is preventable. We use a spatial smoothing algorithm to identify a geographic pattern of high lung cancer mortality, primarily in the Southeast, which we call a lung cancer belt. Disease belts are an effective mode for conveying patterns of high incidence or mortality; formally defining this lung cancer belt may encourage increased public dialogue and more focused research. Public health officials could complement existing population lung cancer data with this information to help inform resource allocation decisions.
27

BIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL ATTRIBUTES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH COPD

Bugajski, Andrew A. 01 January 2018 (has links)
The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the biological, behavioral, and psychosocial attributes of individuals diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Specific aims were to: 1) explore the predictive power of spirometry measures for event-free survival in patients with heart failure and suspected COPD, focusing on the differences in survival between those with and without airflow limitation; 2) examine the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) in patients with concomitant COPD and heart failure; and 3) test the efficacy of a theory-based, multidimensional, self-care educational intervention using an eHealth platform on measures of symptom severity and variability, anxiety and depressive symptoms, perceived self-care ability, perceived self-care adherence, and selfcare information needs (knowledge) in a sample of adult patients with stable COPD. Specific aim one was addressed by evaluation of the predictive power of spirometry measures (forced expiratory volume/second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and the ratio of FEV1/FVC) for event-free time to combined hospitalization/mortality after controlling for clinical and sociodemographic variables. This analysis revealed that those patients with airflow limitation were 2.2 times more likely to experience hospitalization/mortality compared to those without airflow limitation. The second specific aim was addressed with a psychometric evaluation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social support (MSPSS) which included determination of internal consistency reliability, the factor structure and construct validity by hypothesis testing in participants with comorbid COPD and heart failure. The MSPSS was a valid and reliable instrument to measure perceived social support in patients with comorbid COPD and heart failure. The third specific aim was addressed by a trial of an eHealth educational intervention in participants with COPD (N = 20). This intervention resulted in significant change in symptom severity evaluation in patients categorized as having medium symptom severity for the following symptoms: distress due to cough, chest tightness, dyspnea with activity and fatigue; these symptoms were perceived as more severe in the intervention period. Anxiety, depressive symptoms and perceived self-care ability were unchanged; however, perceived self-care adherence scores improved, and knowledge needs were significantly reduced after the intervention.
28

The Role of Ceramide in Neutrophil Elastase Induced Inflammation in the Lungs

Karandashova, Sophia 01 January 2018 (has links)
Alterations to sphingolipid metabolism are associated with increased pulmonary inflammation, but the impact of inflammatory mediators, such as neutrophil elastase (NE), on airway sphingolipid homeostasis remains unknown. NE is a protease associated CF lung disease progression, and can be found in up to micromolar concentrations in patient airways. While sphingolipids have been investigated in the context of CF, the focus has been on loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. Here, we present a novel observation: oropharyngeal aspiration of NE increases airway ceramides in mice. Using a previously characterized mouse model of NE-induced inflammation, we demonstrate that NE increases de novo ceramide production, which is likely mediated via increased SPTLC2 levels. Inhibition of de novo sphingolipid synthesis using myriocin, an SPT inhibitor, decreases airway ceramide as well as the release of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules induced by NE. Furthermore, in a retrospective study of the sphingolipid content of CF sputum—the largest of its type in this patient cohort to date, we investigated the association between NE and sphingolipids. There were linear correlations between the concentration of active NE and ceramide, sphingomyelin, and monohexosylceramide moieties as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate. The presence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) positive culture and female gender both strengthened the association of NE and sphingolipids, but higher FEV1 % predicted weakened the association, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had no effect on the association between NE and sphingolipids. These data suggest that NE may increase sphingolipids in CF airways as it did in our in vivo model, and that this association is stronger in patients that have worse lung function, are female, and whose lungs are colonized with MRSA. Modulating sphingolipid homeostasis could provide novel pharmacological approaches for alleviating pulmonary inflammation.
29

Acute effects of ambient ozone on a daily hospital admissions and daily mortality for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among residents of Bangkok, Thailand

Ruangdej, Kannika. January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 19, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. [197]-216).
30

Occupational respiratory disease in the services industry.

Tullis, Lea Ann. Delclos, George L. Mackey, Thomas A. Beasley, R. Palmer. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-06, page: 3250. Adviser: George L. Delclos. Includes bibliographical references.

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