Emerging from the rapid growth of information technology (IT) in a digital world is the explosion and rapid ascent of IT-related service innovation occurring around the globe. All successful service innovation in a digital world consists of two main abstract domains: signs (because only signs can be digitized) and practices. Signs are perceivable, but practices are not. Signs are commonly understood as resources in the digital world, whereas practices are understood as providing context, not as resources. This article proposes a change in this perspective: according to service-dominant logic, both signs and practices can become resources for service and value cocreation. They become resources if they are integrated in a service offering. We illustrate how recent digital service innovations can be explained with this perspective and how it can be used to distinguish incremental from radical innovation. The article also suggests, using this perspective, that IT and innovation specialists can productively develop ideas and concepts for future service innovation. From the practices framework presented, directions for further research are discussed.

Nur langsam scheinen jene Schockwellen abzuebben, die ausgelöst durch die Ergebnisse der PISA-Erhebungen seit mehr als einem Jahrzehnt die Bildungsrepublik Deutschland durchqueren und weite Teile der Gesellschaft in den Zustand regelrechter Bildungspanik versetzten. An der Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert belegte eine Reihe von Studien für das wiedervereinte Deutschland eine im OECD-Vergleich besonders ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit des Bildungserfolges von der sozialen Herkunft. Als eine Konsequenz ist der Zugang zu tertiärer Bildung bis dato deutlich durch soziale Ungleichheit gekennzeichnet. Vor diesem Hintergrund leistet die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur ursächlichen Erklärung von Mustern sozialer Selektivität, die an den Gelenkstellen zwischen sekundären und postsekundären Bildungsangeboten sichtbar werden. Auf innovative Weise verbindet die Arbeit ein zeitgemäßes handlungstheoretisches Modell mit einer komplexen Lebensstilanalyse. Die Analyse stützt sich auf Erhebungsdaten, die zwischen Januar und April 2010 an mehr als 30 weiterführenden Schulen des Bundeslandes Brandenburg erhoben wurden. Im Mittelpunkt des Forschungsinteresses steht einerseits die Identifikation von sozial-kognitiven Determinanten, die das Niveau und die Richtung postsekundärer Bildungsaspirationen maßgeblich vorstrukturieren sowie andererseits deren Verortung im Kontext jugendlicher Lebensstile. Das komplexe Analysedesign erweist sich als empirisch fruchtbar: So erbringt die Arbeit den empirischen Nachweis, dass die spezifischen Konfigurationen der bestätigten psychosozialen Prädiktoren nicht nur statistisch bedeutsam zwischen jugendlichen Stilmustern variieren, sondern sich diesbezüglich erfolgreiche von weniger erfolgreichen Typen unterscheiden lassen. / The results of the PISA-inquiry sent shock waves through society, influencing education policy and causing large portions of society angst over education; these effects have subsided slowly over the past decade. A series of studies concerning a reunited Germany conducted at the beginning of the 21st century found a particularly strong correlation between educational success and social demographics as compared to the OECD, the consequence of this pattern being an inequality between social demographics in terms of access to tertiary education. Against this background, the presented dissertation thesis contributes to a causal explanation of patterns of social selectivity which become visible at the transition between secondary and post-secondary education. This thesis combines a contemporary action-theoretical approach with a complex life-style analysis in an innovative way. The analysis is based on survey data collected at more than 30 continuative/ post-secondary schools in Brandenburg (Germany) between January and April of 2010. Focus of the research is the identification of social-cognitive factors which significantly structure standard and direction of post-secondary aspirations as well as their localization in context of adolescent life-styles. The complex design of the analysis proves to be empirical fertile: Therefore, this thesis provides the empirical verification that the specific configurations of the affirmed psycho-social predicators do not only vary statistically important between adolescent style-patterns but provide the basis to differentiate between successful and less successful types.

Vietnam is considered as one of the countries having rich resources from forest and sea, with a high average annual rainfall. However, in view of IWRA, water volume per capita annually in Vietnam is lower than the standard for nations having water resources at average level. Vietnam was recognized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as having three out of more than 200 biological zones of the world. Flora and fauna in Vietnam are very rich and abundant, but due to indiscriminate exploitation, along with weak management, biodiversity levels are significantly reduced. This is also one of the causes of environmental pollution and degradation in Vietnam, besides the impacts from production activities, population migration from rural areas to urban areas, rapid urbanization, climate change and sea level rise, etc. / Tảo đóng vai trò quan trọng trong mạng lưới thức ăn và chu trình sinh địa hóa của thủy vực và chúng chịu sự chi phối của nhiều yếu tố môi trường như ánh sáng, pH, nhiệt độ và dinh dưỡng. Nghiên cứu này trình bày đa dạng thành phần loài và biến động sinh khối thực vật phù du tại hồchứa Hòa Bình từ tháng 3 đến tháng 12 năm 2011. Các mẫu thực vật nổi được thu thập hàng tháng tại 4 điểm. Kết quả đã xác định được 6 lớp tảo chính bao gồm: Vi khuẩn lam, tảo lục, tảo silic, tảo mắt, tảo giáp và tảo lông roi hai rãnh. Nhóm tảo silic và Vi khuẩn lam chiếm ưu thế với độ phong phú tương đối là 61% và 32% tương ứng trong quần xã thực vật nổi. Vi khuẩn lam dạng tập đoàn và dạng sợi (Microcystis aeruginosa, M. wesenberg, Oscillatoria sp. tương ứng) chiếm ưu thế trong quần xã thực vật nổi vào các thời điểm đầu hè và mùa thu (tháng 4 và tháng 9). Tổng mật độ tế bào thực vật nổi dao động từ 84210 đến 100 x106 cell/L. Mật độ thực vật nổi biển động theo mùa với sinh khối tê bào cao vào đầu hè và mùa đông (tháng 4 và tháng 12) và sinh khối tếbào thấp vào các mùa hè và thu (tháng 6 đến tháng 10).

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The Institute of Resource Ecology (IRE) is one of the eight institutes of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf (HZDR). The research activities are mainly integrated into the program “Nuclear Waste Management, Safety and Radiation Research (NUSAFE)” of the Helmholtz Association (HGF) and focused on the topics “Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal” and “Safety Research for Nuclear Reactors”. Additionally, various activities have been started investigating chemical and environmental aspects of processing and recycling of strategic metals, namely rare earth elements. These activities are located in the HGF program “Energy Efficiency, Materials and Resources (EMR)”. Both programs, and therefore all work which is done at IRE, belong to the research sector “Energy” of the HGF. The research objectives are the protection of humans and the environment from hazards caused by pollutants resulting from technical processes that produce energy and raw materials. Treating technology and ecology as a unity is the major scientific challenge in assuring the safety of technical processes and gaining their public acceptance. We investigate the ecological risks exerted by radioactive and nonradioactive metals in the context of nuclear waste disposal, the production of energy in nuclear power plants, and in processes along the value chain of metalliferous raw materials. A common goal is to generate better understanding about the dominating processes essential for metal mobilization and immobilization on the molecular level by using advanced spectroscopic methods. This in turn enables us to assess the macroscopic phenomena, including models, codes, and data for predictive calculations, which determine the transport and distribution of contaminants in the environment.

Univ., Diss.--Copenhagen, 2007. / Enth. 4 Beitr.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Göttingen, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-164).

The modern Anthropocene would not exist without electricity. It is the ticking clockwork that guarantees and dictates the rhythm of modernity in all of its beneficial and challenging extents. Electricity generation is a complex process with various inter-dependencies. It is thus important to survey, maintain and continuously adapt all contributors to guarantee a stable electricity generation. This is all the more valid as humanity became aware of the negative repercussions of its constant striving for growth and wealth that provoked various threats, ranging from the climate change over poverty to health issues. In this light, the Sustainable Development Goals were created that should help to assess and guide humanity to a more sustainable way of thriving. The Sustainable Development Goals address several targets, one of them being sustainable (electric) energy supply. The electricity generation’s dependencies are manifold and certainly dependent on the type of generation, but one constant prerequisite is (almost) inevitable for nearly every type of electric generation facility: water. There exists a vast energy-water context with various threads of dependency. It is safe to say that electricity generation without continuous water supply is not secure. And though water is also a special target within the Sustainable Development Goals, the analysis and evaluation of those inter-dependencies between energy and water are scant. Few are the tools that exist to survey, assess and remedy energy-water context challenges. What is more, electricity as pillar of our Anthropocene is already a globally implemented infrastructure that demands constant management action. Yet, the research of the sustainable and secure energy-water context management on i its various levels - ranging from macro-scale analysis and strategy development over meso measures of transference to the mindset behind the micro actions that maintain the electricity generation - is not too advanced, though the topic is of utmost importance. This dissertation investigates on various levels to develop and survey methodologies that reveal and remedy the energy-water context challenge. It does so with five studies. Three of them investigate the special issue of reservoir sedimentation as a prime example of threatened energy-water infrastructure, whose management needs to be surveyed. Out of the five articles, one is already published, one is in press and three are under review. The research will be presented in five chapters. Chapter 1 prepares the ground of the thesis as an introduction. The nature of energy-water dependency is demonstrated and the lack of energy-water sustainability research outlined. On various levels, central research questions for sustainable and secure energy-water management are developed for the thesis. As reservoir sedimentation as a special case and artificial neural networks as a research methodology are of key importance, their principles and backgrounds are illustrated. Chapter 2 surveys the possibilities to evaluate, analyze and assess the multifaceted nature of water-dependent electricity generation. It lights on an essential gap of holistic energy-water security assessment and fills this gap with a broad methodological approach for holistic energy-water security assessment. In Chapter 3 the transference of developed energy strategies to the level of application for an energy-water-(food)-context is investigated. A gap between public professionals and other stakeholder groups as major inhibitors is identified. Within the chapter, an approach to overcome this gap is developed and investigated in a case study in Ouarzazate, Morocco. Subsequently, the degree of security and sustainability thinking of the mindset behind applied energy-water management action is subject to investigation in Chapter 4. This is executed using the example of reservoir sedimentation in Japanese reservoirs. The optimism bias, an influential and non-sustainability mindset in infrastructure management, is used as a proxy to do so. Artificial neural networks serve as a prime tool to derive evidence. Management action is bound to have (expected or unexpected) effects. In the case of reservoir sedimentation in Japan, a mass data methodology based on artificial neural networks is developed in Chapter 5 to extract traces for such effect. It is based on a thorough data set of 1225 Japanese reservoirs with (among others) individual 18 year sedimentation and precipitation time series as well as continuous management action notations. The key element is a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) core of the neural networks that allows a memory function. The extensive research reveals evidence of concrete management action on a meso scale. The conditions of the energy-water context are globally quite different. Chapter 6 is another case to survey the effect of management action, investigating again via artificial neural networks on reservoir sedimentation. This time, the study is settled in the state of Ceará in Brazil and the focus object is a certain, ii presumably sustainable, management directive of the state governance. The results are discussed in Chapter 7, where a conclusion and outlook of the dissertation is given. The dissertation reveals the Gordian web of multi-leveled governance and management of the complex energy-water context. It is emphasized that the presented findings are not the only way to respond to the established research questions, since the results are by no means of panacea character. Rather, the outcomes of the dissertation are very worthwhile tools that bear the flexibility of being applied to the highly variable challenges of the energy-water context. The dissertation is thus a valuable contribution to establish a secure and sustainable utilization of (water) resources and (electricity) infrastructure within the modern Anthropocene.

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