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Effekten av proprioceptiv neuromuskulär facilitering på skulderfunktion och rörlighet vid frusen skuldra - en systematisk litteraturöversikt / The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on shoulder function and range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder - a systematic reviewDalén, Mirjam, Remmer, Michelle January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Frusen skuldra (FS) är ett smärttillstånd som drabbar 2-5% av befolkningen och som påverkar skulderfunktionen. I dagsläget finns det ingen konsensus kring den bästa behandlingsformen vid FS, dock anses proprioceptiv neuromuskulär facilitering (PNF) ge minskad smärta och ökad rörlighet (ROM) samt skulderfunktion. Syfte: Att kartlägga evidensen av PNF som behandling vid FS. Det var även att granska kvaliteten i inkluderade studier och att studera effekten av PNF på skulderfunktion och ROM. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökningen utfördes i databaserna PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science samt Google scholar. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades med PEDro scale och tillförlitligheten graderades med GRADEstud. Resultatsammanfattning: Åtta artiklar inkluderades i studien med totalt 360 deltagare. Enligt PEDro scale varierade kvaliteten i studierna mellan tre till åtta poäng. Evidensgraderingen enligt GRADEstud visade mycket låg (+) evidens gällande skulderfunktion och låg (++) evidens gällande ROM. Graderingen baserades på fyra studier av hög kvalitet vid skulderfunktion respektive ROM. Studiernas resultat var motstridiga gällande huruvida PNF ger en signifikant positiv effekt på skulderfunktion och ROM vid FS. Konklusion: Det finns mycket låg (+) evidens för att PNF skulle ha en effekt på skulderfunktionen och en låg (++) evidens för att PNF har en effekt på ROM. För att förtydliga evidensen och användningen av PNF behövs fler studier av hög kvalitet och med liknande tillvägagångssätt. / Background: Frozen shoulder (FS) is a painful condition affecting 2-5% of the population and it affects the shoulder function. Currently there’s no consensus to which treatment is most effective in FS. However, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is assumed to bring pain relief and increase range of motion (ROM) and shoulder function. Objective: To review the evidence regarding the effect of PNF as treatment in patients with FS. It’s also to examine the quality of included studies and to study the effect of PNF on shoulder function and ROM. Method: A systematic review. The search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google scholar. The quality was assessed according to PEDro scale and the reliability with GRADEstud. Results: Eight studies were included with a total of 360 participants. The quality of the studies ranged between three to eight points according to PEDro scale. According to GRADEstud PNF received very low (+) evidence for shoulder function and low (++) evidence for ROM. The grading was based on four, high quality studies for both shoulder function and ROM. The included studies were conflicting regarding whether PNF had a significant, positive effect on shoulder function and ROM in FS. Conclusion: There’s very low (+) evidence that PNF would have an effect on shoulder function and low (++) evidence that PNF has an effect on ROM. In order to clarify the evidence there’s a need for future well-conducted studies with a similar approach.
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Rezension zu: Legal upheaval : a guide to creativity, collaboration, and innovation in law / Michele deStefano. Chicago 2008. ISBN 781641051200Schneider, Hendrik 26 October 2018 (has links)
Founder and Content Curator of CEJ, Michele DeStefano recently published her new book
Legal Upheaval: A Guide to Creativity, Collaboration and Innovation in Law, adressing
the overthrow in the market for legal services and the associated challenges for the sector.
Michele DeStefano is the founder and director of LawWithoutWalls and a Professor of
Law at Miami Law. She is an expert in entrepreneurship in the law. Her scholarship
focuses on the growing intersections between law and business and legal entrepreneurship.
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Review: Roberto Gaudioso. The Voice of the Text and its Body. The Continuous Reform of Euphrase Kezilahabi’s Poetics. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Köln 2019. 306 pp. ISBN 978-3-89645-739-4.Aiello, Flavia 14 September 2020 (has links)
In her review, Flavia Aiello states that Roberto Gaudioso’s monograph, his PhD thesis written under the co-tutelle of the University of Naples “L’Orientale” and the University of Bayreuth, is a robust study of Euphrase Kezilahabi’s dynamic “thinking poetry” as expressed in his poetry collections. She emphasizes that due to its well-informed theoretical grounding, original critical approach to Kezilahabi’s poetry and close-reading textual analysis, this book represents valuable reading for literary researchers investigating the works of Euphrase Kezilahabi and for scholars interested in new critical approaches to Swahili poetry.
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Reporting the Performance of Confidence Intervals in Statistical Simulation Studies: A Systematic Literature ReviewKabakci, Maside 08 1900 (has links)
Researchers and publishing guidelines recommend reporting confidence intervals (CIs) not just along with null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), but for many other statistics such as effect sizes and reliability coefficients. Although CI and standard errors (SEs) are closely related, examining standard errors alone in simulation studies is not adequate because we do not always know if a standard error is small enough. Overly small SEs may lead to increased probability of Type-I error and CIs with lower coverage rate than expected. Statistical simulation studies generally examine the magnitude of the empirical standard error, but it is not clear if they examine the properties of confidence intervals. The present study examines confidence interval investigating and reporting practices, particularly with respect to coverage and bias as diagnostics in published statistical simulation studies across eight psychology journals using a systematic literature review. Results from this review will inform editorial policies and hopefully encourage researchers to report CIs.
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Upplevelse av delirium. : En litteraturstudie / The lived experience of delirium. : A literature studyJonsson, Adam, Maye, Leila January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Delirium är en neuropsykiatrisk störning som främst påverkar förmågan att meningsfullt uppmärksamma och tolka stimuli. Tillståndet upplevs ofta som mycket skrämmande och förvirrande, med långt bestående minnen av upplevelsen som kan vara mycket plågsamma. Det råder stor brist på kunskap gällande erfarenheter av detta tillstånd trots data på hur allvarligt tillståndet är och dess konsekvenser. Syfte: Denna studie har som syfte att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av delirium. Metod: Litteraturstudie på nio kvalitativa artiklar. Forskningsartiklar har utvärderats, kvalitets granskats och analyserats enligt kvalitativ metodik. Resultat: Delirium är ett syndrom med många oförklarliga upplevelser och ett syndrom som väcker många känslor. Tre Kategorier presenteras; att existera i kaos, ett utdraget lidande för patienten samt en önskan att förstå och bli förstådd. Kategorierna delades in i sex underkategorier; att känna sig vilsen, obegripliga upplevelser, rädslans olika former, bärande av skam och skuld från delirium, behovet av stöd hos den sårbara och behovet att få information Slutsats: Delirium är ofta mycket kaotiskt, ångestfyllt och utgöra en kraftig barriär mellan den sjuke och omvärlden. Tillståndet kan sätta djupa spår emotionellt och innebära långsiktiga konsekvenser. Involvering av anhöriga, utbildning av personal, miljöanpassning och extra stöd skulle kunna göra signifikant skillnad för denna sårbara patientgrupp. / Background: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder that primarily affects the ability to notice and meaningfully interpret stimuli. The lived experience of delirium can be very frightening and confusing, with long lasting memories of the experience that can be very agonizing. There is a large gap in current literature regarding the lived experience of delirium, despite the severity of the condition and its consequences. Purpose: This study's purpose is to describe patients' lived experience of delirium. Method: Literature study on nine qualitative articles. Research articles have been evaluated, quality checked and analyzed according to qualitative methodology. Result: Delirium is a syndrome with many unexplained experiences and is a syndrome that evokes many feelings. Three categories are presented; To exist in chaos, the feeling of being lost and a need for understanding. The categories were further explored in six sub-categories; Feeling lost, incomprehensible experiences, different forms of fear, carrying shame and guilt from delirium, the vulnerable person’s need for support and the need for information. Conclusion: A delirium is often very chaotic and anxiety filled, creating a serious barrier between the person suffering a delirium and the surrounding world. Delirium can leave deep emotional marks and cause long term consequences. Involvement of next of kin, education of staff, environmental adaptation and additional support could mean a significant difference for this patient groups long term health.
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Annorlunda bearbetning av sinnesintryck hos barn och ungdomar med autism vid utförande av vardagliga aktiviteter : En scoping review / Different processing of sensory impressions in children and adolescence with autism when performing everyday activities : A scoping reviewJaderi Eriksson, Shilan January 2021 (has links)
Perceptionsavvikelser är vanliga hos personer med autism och kan utlösa problemskapade beteenden, stress och obehag. Påverkas förmågan att utföra aktiviteter kan detta ge negativa konsekvenser på människans välbefinnande och hälsa. En scoping review genomfördes i syfte att utforska om och på vilket sätt bearbetning av sinnesintryck påverkar utförande av vardagliga aktiviteter hos barn och ungdomar med autism. Tjugoen artiklar inkluderades i studien. Resultatet presenteras i tre kategorier: Autismens inverkan vid bearbetning av sinnesintryck; Kontextens betydelse i bearbetning av sinnesintryck; Bearbetning av sinnesintryck påverkar aktivitetsutförandet. Som konklusion påverkar avvikande bearbetning av sinnesintryck beteende, aktivitetsutförande och tolkning av omgivningen vilket bör belysas tidigt i den arbetsterapeutiska bedömningen och vid insatser.
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Minfulness meditation effects on attention : A literature review of fMRI studiesHanson, Ida January 2021 (has links)
Mindfulness meditation is known to improve attention, and neuroscience appears to be a field that can elucidate how mindfulness meditation achieves such an outcome. However, studies on mindfulness meditation have been criticized for a low methodological quality. Thus the current paper aimed to provide a literature review on the neural basis of the effects of mindfulness meditation on attention. Additionally, there was a critical examination of this research to evaluate factors that might compromise the validity of the research. The scope of the thesis was limited to studies on healthy adults using fMRI and on studies that incorporate the generally accepted elements of mindfulness meditation. A total of 17 cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies were reviewed with 510 participants in all. The main result of this literature review were that changes were observed in the mPFC. Furthermore, activation was seen in the insula, prefrontal areas and the ACC. Some of the interpretations of the selected studies were in conflict with each other. This can perhaps be explained by differences in neural activation depending on how experienced the subjects are in mindfulness meditation practices. Some prevalent methodological issues with the studies were small sample sizes, cross-sectional design, and poor or unclear instructions (e.g., not describing the instructions or the mantra employed). There were also more general problems regarding functional neuroimaging. These included movement artefacts and cardiovascular effects. However, based on the 19 studies reviewed in this paper there is tentative evidence for the beneficial effects of mindfulness meditation on attention.
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Att vårda en anhörig med Huntingtonsjukdom: anhörigvårdares perspektiv : en integrerad litteraturöversikt / Caring for a relative with Huntington's disease: family carers perspective : An integrated literature reviewEkberg, Isac, Yoha, Moe January 2022 (has links)
Huntingtons sjukdom (HS) är en ovanligt förekommande sjukdom med komplexa sjukdomsförlopp. Att vara anhörigvårdare till en individ som drabbats av HS kan därför innebära en speciellt utmanande livssituation med många svårigheter liknande andra anhörigvårdare med sjukdomstillstånd som parkinsons sjukdom och alzheimers sjukdom. Det är därför viktigt för sjuksköterskan att att få en förståelse för vad anhörigvårdare går igenom vid vårdandet av en individ med HS för att kunna förstå och ge adekvat stöd. Syftet: med litteraturstudien är att beskriva anhörigas perspektiv av att vara vårdare för en anhörig som är drabbad av huntingtons sjukdom. Metod: för att analysera datan så användes en integrerad analysmetod enligt Whittemore & Knafl (2005). 12 inkluderades (2 kvantitativa, 10 kvalitativa) som samlades från två databaser. Resultat: analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Existera i rollen anhörigvårdare, hantera att vara anhörigvårdare, undvikande av sjukdomen, kämpa för att få stöd och förståelse. Resultatet påvisade bland annat hur anhörigvårdares liv förändras samt hur det kan se ut när anhörigvårdare hanterar den nya situationen. Det är viktigt för sjukvården att ha insikt för vad anhörigvårdare går igenom för att kunna ge ett adekvat stöd och bemötande.
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Welcoming Quality in Non-Significance and Replication Work, but Moving Beyond the p-Value: Announcing New Editorial Policies for Quantitative Research in JOAAMcBee, Matthew T., Matthews, Michael S. 01 May 2014 (has links)
The self-correcting nature of psychological and educational science has been seriously questioned. Recent special issues of Perspectives on Psychological Science and Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts have roundly condemned current organizational models of research and dissemination and have criticized the perverse incentive structure that tempts researchers into generating and publishing false positive findings. At the same time, replications are rarely attempted, allowing untruths to persist in the literature unchallenged. In this article, the editors of the Journal of Advanced Academics consider this situation and announce new policies for quantitative submissions. They are (a) an explicit call for replication studies; (b) new instructions directing reviewers to base their evaluation of a study’s merit on the quality of the research design, execution, and written description, rather than on the statistical significance of its results; and (c) an invitation to omit statistical hypothesis tests in favor of reporting effect sizes and their confidence limits.
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Pediatric Proteomics: An IntroductionYoung, Jeanne, Stone, William L. 01 January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
The overall goal of this series is to detail the paradigm shift that proteomics will bring to the practice of pediatric medicine and research. Proteomics is the global study of proteins in a biological system, tissue or bodily fluid. This first review will provide a brief overview of proteomics and describe its niche in the other "omics" of system biology. The underlying technology and methodology will be outlined as well as the obstacles that must be surmounted before pediatric proteomics is optimally useful for clinicians. The potential of proteomics in the area of personalized pediatric medicine will also be discussed since this is of particular clinical relevance. The second article in this series will focus on the application of proteomics to neonatology with particular emphasis on diseases where oxidative stress plays a key pathophysiological role.
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