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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Efeito da adição de Lactobacillus rhamnosus em queijos Minas frescal sobre as contagens de Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria monocytogenes / Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in cheese

Lígia Eleonor Prezzi 31 October 2014 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito inibitório de Lactobacillus rhamnosus sobre as contagens de Staphylococcus aureus e Listeria monocytogenes, aspergidos isoladamente ou em combinação sobre a superfície de queijo Minas Frescal, durante armazenamento por 21 dias a 7ºC. O delineamento consistiu em esquema fatorial 2x2x2, sendo 8 tratamentos com 4 repetições. As características físico-químicas (pH, atividade de água, umidade, teor de gordura, proteína e perfil de textura) foram determinadas nos queijos dos tratamentos sem adição de L. rhamnosus ou contendo este probiótico (T1 e T2, respectivamente). Verificaramse as contagens de L. rhamnosus, S. aureus e L. monocytogenes nos queijos de todos os tratamentos nos dias 1, 7, 14 e 21 de armazenamento. Foram também analisados os percentuais de sobrevivência dos microrganismos submetidos a condições de simulação do trato gastrointestinal (TGI) utilizando ensaios in vitro. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) entre os parâmetros físico-químicos dos queijos dos tratamentos T1 e T2. As contagens de L. rhamnosus aumentaram (P<0,05) em todos os tratamentos a partir do dia 7 de armazenamento, estabilizando ao redor de 108 UFC/g, sendo que a presença concomitante de L. monocytogenes e/ou S. aureus nos queijos não influenciou a contagem de L. rhamnosus. L. rhamnosus diminuiu em cerca de 1 ciclo log as contagens de L. monocytogenes, e não exerceu efeito inibitório sobre S. aureus após 21 dias. S. aureus não sobreviveu ao teste de simulação ao TGI. No entanto, L. rhamnosus e L. monocytogenes apresentaram percentuais de sobrevivência entre 74,6% a 86,4%, e entre 75,8% a 94,1%, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstraram que a adição de L. rhamnosus não alterou as características físico-químicas dos queijos Minas frescal, porém exerceu efeito inibitório sobre L. monocytogenes, mas nenhum efeito sobre S. aureus. A utilização de L. rhamnosus como probiótico apresenta um potencial para inibição de L. monocytogenes na fabricação de queijos Minas frescal. São necessários estudos sobre os mecanismos envolvidos na competição entre as bactérias por substratos no alimento, bem como sua sobrevivência nas condições do TGI em ensaios in vivo. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in Minas frescal cheese during 21 days of storage at 7ºC. The experimental design was totally randomized, in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement with 8 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment. Physical chemical parameters such as pH, moisture, water activity, fat, protein and texture profile analysis were carried out in cheeses where no microorganism were inoculated (T1) and in the cheeses inoculated with the probiotic bacteria, L. rhamnosus (T2). The counts of L. rhamnosus, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were examined on days 1, 7, 14, 21 of storage. Survival percentage of the bacteria after exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions was studied in vitro. Statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences (P>0,05) among the means of the physical chemical parameters analyzed in treatments 1 and 2. From day 7 on, the counts of L. rhamnosus increased (P<0,05) in all treatments, stabilizing and reaching up to 108 CFU/g. It was noticed that the concurring presence of L. monocytogenes and/or S. aureus in the cheese samples did not show influence in the counts of the probiotic bacteria. The L. rhamnosus caused about 1 log cycle reduction in the counts of L. monocytogenes, but showed no inhibitory effect on S. aureus at the end of the period of storage. S. aureus did not survive the exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. However, L. rhamnosus and L. monocytogenes showed survival percentages varying from 74,6% to 86,4%, and from 75,8% to 94,1%, respectively. The results showed that the addition of L. rhamnosus had no influence on the physical chemical characteristics of the Minas frescal cheese and no inhibitory effect on S. aureus, nevertheless demonstrated inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes. The addition of probiotic strains of L. rhamnosus in Minas frescal cheese represents potential for L. monocytogenes inhibition. It is essential to carry out studies on the mechanisms involved in the competition for substrate by bacteria, as well as their survival to simulated gastrointestinal conditions in in vivo experiments.
12

Development of a rapid riboflavin growth-based assay using Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Golbach, Jennifer L. 12 April 2006 (has links)
Riboflavin is an essential part of the human diet. Although the United States does not have a major problem with a riboflavin deficiency, other regions of the world do. This is especially true for those regions whose main subsistence is rice. To help prevent and control riboflavin deficiencies, many cereal grains are now being fortified with riboflavin. The recommended dietary allowance of riboflavin is 1.1-1.6 mg per day. This value increases slightly for pregnant women, breast feeding women, and athletes. Because riboflavin is an essential part of the diet, it is important to ensure that the minimum requirements for this nutrient are met. By determining the amount of riboflavin in food products, an accurate estimate of daily riboflavin intake can be determined. The AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) approved microbiological riboflavin assay can be tedious and time consuming. A faster approach to the riboflavin assay would greatly benefit the food industry. By scaling down the assay to microtiter plates both, time and materials can be conserved. Use of microtiter plates would also allow for numerous samples to be assayed simultaneously. The goal for developing the microtiter plate assay is to obtain results more rapidly while maintaining the accuracy and precision of the AOAC ( method 940.33I) tube assay.
13

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de cápsulas probióticas contendo Lactobacillus Rhamnosus

LOPES, Susiany Pereira 11 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-08-02T12:34:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Susiany Pereira Lopes.pdf: 2606848 bytes, checksum: 24f6dce63c5488473e4ffc00aae62b46 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-02T12:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Susiany Pereira Lopes.pdf: 2606848 bytes, checksum: 24f6dce63c5488473e4ffc00aae62b46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Encapsulation is a technique that can be used for the protection of probiotics, conferring resistance to the acidic environment of the gastrointestinal tract allowing its use in fermented milk products. The present study had as objective evaluates the best encapsulation concentrations of L. rhamnosus using alginate of sodium, pectin and gelatin. Two experimental designs were conducted to capsules containing alginate and gelatin and pectin and gelatin. The variables investigated were concentrations of polymer and the dependent variable was the concentration of viable cells in the capsules. The highest concentration of viable cells (4.2 x 109 CFU/g) was achieved for concentrations of 1 % alginate and 0.1 % gelatin, whereas the concentration of alginate was variable that affected the response variable most significantly, reaching a negative estimated effect of -4.59. Statistical evaluation of the results obtained with microcapsules of pectin was not satisfactory. Results of IR spectra show that the three samples that were analyzed contain the alginate. The spectra shows peaks due to O−H group in the region of 3400−3454 cm−1. The spectra of Microcapsules shows a peak between 1637 cm−1 and 1639 cm−1 confirming the presence of the functional group –CONH2 that is present in the gelatin, whereas pure alginate does not show this peak. Thermal analysis of the material indicates a glass transition temperature (Tg) above the storage temperature of the microcapsules, which ensures the crystallization of the microcapsules. After 120 days of storage under refrigeration capsules have reached the concentration of 105UFC/mL, still being suitable for incorporation in food. Regarding the incorporation of the microcapsules and the free cells in the fermented milk, the free cells obtained by addition of L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469, presented the minimum score needed for a product to be considered probiotic. The microcapsules produced by the extrusion technique with alginate as encapsulating agents were suitable for microencapsulation of these probiotics, while microcapsules obtained were not satisfactory with pectin. / A encapsulação é uma técnica que pode ser empregada para a proteção de probióticos, conferindo-os resistência ao ambiente ácido do trato gastrintestinal, bem como viabilizando sua aplicação em produtos lácteos fermentados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as melhores concentrações de encapsulamento de L. rhamnosus utilizando alginato de sódio, pectina e gelatina. Foram realizados dois planejamentos experimentais para cápsulas contendo alginato e gelatina e pectina e gelatina. As variáveis investigadas foram as concentrações dos polímeros e a variável resposta foi a concentração de células viáveis nas cápsulas. A maior concentração de células viáveis (4,2 x 109 UFC/g) foi obtida para as concentrações de 1 % de alginato e 0,1 % de gelatina, sendo que a concentração de alginato foi a variável que influenciou de forma mais significativa a variável resposta, atingindo um efeito estimado negativo de -4,59. A avaliação estatística dos resultados das microcápsulas obtidas com pectina não foi satisfatória. Os resultados do Infravermelho mostraram que as três amostras analisadas continham o alginato, estas apresentaram picos muito próximos de 3400 cm-1 para 3454 cm-1 em relação ao grupo O-H. Nos espectros das microcápsulas observamos um pico com intensidade entre 1637 cm-1 e 1639 cm-1 comprovando a presença do grupo funcional –CONH² que está presente na gelatina, visto que o alginato puro não apresentou esse pico. A análise térmica do material indicou uma temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) acima da temperatura de armazenamento das microcápsulas, o que garante a cristalização das microcápsulas. Após 120 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração as cápsulas atingiram a concentração de 105UFC/ml, sendo ainda adequadas para a sua incorporação em alimentos. Com relação a incorporação das microcapsulas e das células livres no fermentado de leite, as células livres obtido pela adição de de L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469, apresentou a contagem mínima necessária para um produto ser considerado probiótico. As microcápsulas produzidas através da técnica de extrusão com alginato como agente encapsulante foram adequadas para a microencapsulação destes probióticos, enquanto que as microcápsulas obtidas com pectina não foram satisfatórias.
14

Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MRS6AN on Intestinal GPAT3 pathway involved in the lipid transport in enterocytes

Ipinmoroti, Ayodeji Oludare 01 August 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in enterocytes of the small intestine follows two specific absorption pathways: the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase pathway (MGAT) and glycerol acyltransferase pathway (GPAT), the latter (GPAT) is usually found in the small intestine. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MRS6AN, an isolate from “amabere amaruranu” a Kenyan traditional cultured milk, on triglyceride accumulation and expression of GPAT3, I-FABP, MTP and NPC1L1 in Caco-2 cell enterocyte model. Intracellular triglyceride level (TG) of Caco2 cells was significantly reduced by live L. rhamnosus (LB) compared with other bacterial products. MTP expression in Caco2 cells was minimally reduced in live L. rhamnosus (LB) treated Caco2 cells. However, the expression level GPAT3, I-FABP and NPC1L1 was reduced in Caco2 cells treated with live bacteria. Data from this study suggests that Lactobacillus rhamnosus MRS6AN may reduce lipid uptake and accumulation perhaps via modulation of GPAT3 pathway.
15

Alterações hepáticas causadas pelo etanol e efeito do tratamento com Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG em zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Schneider, Ana Cláudia Reis January 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Em relação ao fígado, a esteatose é a consequência mais comum do consumo abusivo do etanol e predispõe à doença hepática mais grave. Os mecanismos da doença hepática alcoólica não são plenamente conhecidos e as terapias são escassas. Os objetivos desta tese foram: 1) averiguar os efeitos do etanol no fígado, utilizando o zebrafish como modelo experimental; 2) avaliar o tratamento com o Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) na esteatose hepática; 3) observar os efeitos do etanol e do tratamento com o LGG no comportamento do zebrafish. Métodos: Foram realizados três experimentos utilizando peixes zebrafish, adultos, wildtype. O primeiro experimento foi formado por dois grupos, Controle (C) e Etanol (E), com 52 animais em cada um. O grupo E foi exposto a 0,5% de etanol por quatro semanas. Foram conduzidas análises histológicas e moleculares dos genes il-1b, tnf-α, il-10, sirt1, adiponectina e adipor2 nos fígados dos animais. No 2°experimento foram avaliados quatro grupos: Controle (C), Probiótico (P), Etanol (E) e Probiótico + Etanol (P + E), com 220 animais respectivamente. Durante quatro semanas os grupos P + E e P foram alimentados com ração com o probiótico LGG e os grupos E e C com ração sem probiótico. Foram realizadas análises histológicas e morfométricas no tecido hepático, quantificações de lipídeos séricos e hepáticos. No 3° experimento, os grupos C, E, P e P+E foram formados (n=15 animais por grupo) e, após duas semanas, o comportamento dos animais foi analisado no teste open-tank com o programa ANYmaze ®. Resultados: No 1° experimento os animais do grupo E apresentaram intensa esteatose hepática, aumento de glicogênio plasmático associado às gotículas lipídicas, alterações no retículo endoplasmático rugoso e degeneração de canalículos biliares. Houve acentuação na expressão hepática de il-1b, tnf-α, sirt1 e do adipor2, indicando que o etanol desencadeou resposta inflamatória e de proteção hepática. No 2° experimento, o grupo E apresentou intensa esteatose após quatro semanas, ao contrário do grupo P + E. A morfometria celular mostrou um aumento de 14,8 vezes no tamanho dos hepatócitos do grupo E (4° semana) quando comparado com C (p <0,0001). Os triglicerídeos séricos diminuíram no grupo P + E em comparação com C, P (p <0,001) e E (p = 0,004). O colesterol sérico do grupo P diminuiu comparado aos grupos C e E na segunda semana (p = 0,002 e p = 0,007) e do grupo P + E diminuiu comparado aos grupos E e C (p<0,0001), na quarta semana. As concentrações de triglicerídeos hepáticos reduziram no grupo P + E na quarta semana em comparação com E (p = 0,006). No 3° experimento, os animais expostos ao etanol apresentaram menor ansiedade em relação ao novo ambiente, evidenciada pela maior exploração da área superior do aquário. O efeito desibinidor do etanol não foi significativamente atenuado pelo tratamento com o LGG. Conclusões: Os resultados do primeiro estudo indicaram que o etanol desencadeia uma série de eventos celulares e moleculares e que a inflamação desempenha papel significativo na esteatose hepática. No segundo, foi demonstrado que o tratamento com LGG diminuiu os níveis séricos de triglicerídeos e de colesterol, atenuando a esteatose hepática. O terceiro estudo mostrou que o etanol teve efeito significativo no comportamento do zebrafish, que não foi modificado pelo LGG. / Introduction: Regarding to the liver, hepatic steatosis is the most common consequence of abusive alcohol consumption and predisposes to more severe liver disease. The mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease are not fully known and therapies are scarce. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to verify the effects of ethanol in the liver using the zebrafish as an experimental model; 2) to evaluate a treatment with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in hepatic steatosis; 3) to observe the effects of ethanol and treatment with LGG in zebrafish behavior. Methods: Three experiments were performed using zebrafish, adult, wildtype. For the 1st trial, two groups were formed: Control (C) and Ethanol (E), with 52 animals in each group. E group was exposed to 0.5% ethanol during four weeks. Histological and molecular analysis of genes il-1b, tnf-α, il-10, sirt1, adiponectin, and adipor2 were conducted in zebrafish livers. For the 2nd trial, four groups were evaluated: Control (C), Probiotic (P), Ethanol (E) and Probiotic + Ethanol (P + E). During four weeks, the P + E and P groups were fed with food supplemented with LGG and E and C groups received food without probiotic. Histological and morphometric analysis in liver tissue, measurements of serum and hepatic lipids were performed. In the 3rd trial, C, E, P and P + E groups were formed and after two weeks, the animals' behavior was analyzed in opentank test with ANYmaze ® program. Results: In the 1st trial, animals in E group developed severe liver steatosis and cell abnormalities were observed: increase of glycogen associated to lipid droplets, alterations in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, degeneration of biliary canaliculi with presence of myelin figures inside. Increased hepatic expression of il-1b, tnf-α, sirt1 and adipor2 possibly indicates that ethanol triggered both inflammatory and hepatic protection responses. In the 2nd trial, E group presented severe steatosis after four weeks, in contrast to the E + P group. Cell morphometry showed a 14.8 fold in hepatocytes size of E (4th week) compared to C group (p <0.0001). Serum triglycerides decreased in the P + E group compared with C, P (p <0.001) and E groups (p = 0.004). Serum cholesterol decreased in P group compared to C and E groups at second week (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007) and in E + P group decreased compared with E and C groups (p<0.0001) at fourth week. Liver triglycerides were reduced in the P + E group at the fourth week compared to E group (p = 0.006). In the 3rd trial, there was an alteration in the behavior of animals exposed to ethanol compared to that nonexposed, an effect not significantly attenuated by treatment with LGG. Conclusions: Results of the first study indicate that ethanol triggers a series of cellular and molecular events and inflammation plays a significant role in hepatic steatosis. Then, it was shown that treatment with LGG decreased serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, attenuating hepatic steatosis. The third study showed that the ethanol, but not LGG has a significant effect on zebrafish behavior.
16

Influence de l’ajout d’ingrédients fonctionnels laitiers sur l’encapsulation de L. rhamnosus GG / Influence of the addition of functional dairy ingredients on the encapsulation of L. rhamnosus GG

Guérin, Justine 20 October 2017 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse a permis d’étudier l’influence de l’ajout d’ingrédients fonctionnels laitiers sur l’encapsulation de L. rhamnosus GG (LGG). Deux ingrédients laitiers (ß-lactoglobuline et membrane des globules gras du lait - MFGM) ont été identifiés comme étant capables d’adhérer fortement à LGG par l’intermédiaire de ses pili. Le rôle clé de ces adhésions dans la localisation spatiale des bactéries dans la matrice laitière a été mis en évidence, ainsi que le rôle des constituants de la matrice dans sa structuration. Cela a permis de sélectionner, in vitro, une matrice d’encapsulation capable de protéger de manière efficace les bactéries des conditions gastriques et de libérer les bactéries vivantes au niveau de l’intestin. En parallèle, la MFGM dans l’encapsulation des bactéries s’est révélée prometteuse. Ce travail a également démontré l’importance primordiale du choix de la matrice d’encapsulation. En effet, une compétition entre l’adhésion de LGG aux cellules intestinales et l’adhésion de LGG à certains composants de la matrice laitière a été démontrée. Les deux phénomènes impliquent probablement les mêmes mécanismes : adhésion aux pili glycosylés de LGG. Pour terminer, un procédé de séchage par atomisation a été développé pour encapsuler LGG. Il permet une bonne survie des bactéries après séchage et la production de microparticules présentant des propriétés fonctionnelles innovantes liées à la température du milieu de réhydratation / The aim of this work was to understand how functional dairy components influence L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) encapsulation. First, two dairy components (-lactoglobulin and milk fat globule membrane - MFGM) able to strongly adhere to LGG through their pili are identified. The key role of these adhesions on bacteria spatial location in the matrix is highlighted, as well as the role of matrix dairy components in their structuration. This allowed to select, in vitro, a matrix able to protect bacteria in gastric conditions and to release them viable in the intestine. Simultaneously, the use of MFGM in bacteria encapsulation has proven to be promising. This work demonstrated the importance of the matrix choice in the encapsulation procedure. Results demonstrated that adhesion between LGG and dairy matrix may compete with adhesion of LGG to epithelial intestinal cell. The two phenomena likely involve the same mechanisms: adhesion to glycosylated pili of LGG. To finish, a spray drying encapsulation process is developed to encapsulate bacteria. It leads to a high bacteria survival after drying and the production of microparticles with innovative properties depending on rehydration temperature
17

Alterações hepáticas causadas pelo etanol e efeito do tratamento com Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG em zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Schneider, Ana Cláudia Reis January 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Em relação ao fígado, a esteatose é a consequência mais comum do consumo abusivo do etanol e predispõe à doença hepática mais grave. Os mecanismos da doença hepática alcoólica não são plenamente conhecidos e as terapias são escassas. Os objetivos desta tese foram: 1) averiguar os efeitos do etanol no fígado, utilizando o zebrafish como modelo experimental; 2) avaliar o tratamento com o Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) na esteatose hepática; 3) observar os efeitos do etanol e do tratamento com o LGG no comportamento do zebrafish. Métodos: Foram realizados três experimentos utilizando peixes zebrafish, adultos, wildtype. O primeiro experimento foi formado por dois grupos, Controle (C) e Etanol (E), com 52 animais em cada um. O grupo E foi exposto a 0,5% de etanol por quatro semanas. Foram conduzidas análises histológicas e moleculares dos genes il-1b, tnf-α, il-10, sirt1, adiponectina e adipor2 nos fígados dos animais. No 2°experimento foram avaliados quatro grupos: Controle (C), Probiótico (P), Etanol (E) e Probiótico + Etanol (P + E), com 220 animais respectivamente. Durante quatro semanas os grupos P + E e P foram alimentados com ração com o probiótico LGG e os grupos E e C com ração sem probiótico. Foram realizadas análises histológicas e morfométricas no tecido hepático, quantificações de lipídeos séricos e hepáticos. No 3° experimento, os grupos C, E, P e P+E foram formados (n=15 animais por grupo) e, após duas semanas, o comportamento dos animais foi analisado no teste open-tank com o programa ANYmaze ®. Resultados: No 1° experimento os animais do grupo E apresentaram intensa esteatose hepática, aumento de glicogênio plasmático associado às gotículas lipídicas, alterações no retículo endoplasmático rugoso e degeneração de canalículos biliares. Houve acentuação na expressão hepática de il-1b, tnf-α, sirt1 e do adipor2, indicando que o etanol desencadeou resposta inflamatória e de proteção hepática. No 2° experimento, o grupo E apresentou intensa esteatose após quatro semanas, ao contrário do grupo P + E. A morfometria celular mostrou um aumento de 14,8 vezes no tamanho dos hepatócitos do grupo E (4° semana) quando comparado com C (p <0,0001). Os triglicerídeos séricos diminuíram no grupo P + E em comparação com C, P (p <0,001) e E (p = 0,004). O colesterol sérico do grupo P diminuiu comparado aos grupos C e E na segunda semana (p = 0,002 e p = 0,007) e do grupo P + E diminuiu comparado aos grupos E e C (p<0,0001), na quarta semana. As concentrações de triglicerídeos hepáticos reduziram no grupo P + E na quarta semana em comparação com E (p = 0,006). No 3° experimento, os animais expostos ao etanol apresentaram menor ansiedade em relação ao novo ambiente, evidenciada pela maior exploração da área superior do aquário. O efeito desibinidor do etanol não foi significativamente atenuado pelo tratamento com o LGG. Conclusões: Os resultados do primeiro estudo indicaram que o etanol desencadeia uma série de eventos celulares e moleculares e que a inflamação desempenha papel significativo na esteatose hepática. No segundo, foi demonstrado que o tratamento com LGG diminuiu os níveis séricos de triglicerídeos e de colesterol, atenuando a esteatose hepática. O terceiro estudo mostrou que o etanol teve efeito significativo no comportamento do zebrafish, que não foi modificado pelo LGG. / Introduction: Regarding to the liver, hepatic steatosis is the most common consequence of abusive alcohol consumption and predisposes to more severe liver disease. The mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease are not fully known and therapies are scarce. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to verify the effects of ethanol in the liver using the zebrafish as an experimental model; 2) to evaluate a treatment with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in hepatic steatosis; 3) to observe the effects of ethanol and treatment with LGG in zebrafish behavior. Methods: Three experiments were performed using zebrafish, adult, wildtype. For the 1st trial, two groups were formed: Control (C) and Ethanol (E), with 52 animals in each group. E group was exposed to 0.5% ethanol during four weeks. Histological and molecular analysis of genes il-1b, tnf-α, il-10, sirt1, adiponectin, and adipor2 were conducted in zebrafish livers. For the 2nd trial, four groups were evaluated: Control (C), Probiotic (P), Ethanol (E) and Probiotic + Ethanol (P + E). During four weeks, the P + E and P groups were fed with food supplemented with LGG and E and C groups received food without probiotic. Histological and morphometric analysis in liver tissue, measurements of serum and hepatic lipids were performed. In the 3rd trial, C, E, P and P + E groups were formed and after two weeks, the animals' behavior was analyzed in opentank test with ANYmaze ® program. Results: In the 1st trial, animals in E group developed severe liver steatosis and cell abnormalities were observed: increase of glycogen associated to lipid droplets, alterations in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, degeneration of biliary canaliculi with presence of myelin figures inside. Increased hepatic expression of il-1b, tnf-α, sirt1 and adipor2 possibly indicates that ethanol triggered both inflammatory and hepatic protection responses. In the 2nd trial, E group presented severe steatosis after four weeks, in contrast to the E + P group. Cell morphometry showed a 14.8 fold in hepatocytes size of E (4th week) compared to C group (p <0.0001). Serum triglycerides decreased in the P + E group compared with C, P (p <0.001) and E groups (p = 0.004). Serum cholesterol decreased in P group compared to C and E groups at second week (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007) and in E + P group decreased compared with E and C groups (p<0.0001) at fourth week. Liver triglycerides were reduced in the P + E group at the fourth week compared to E group (p = 0.006). In the 3rd trial, there was an alteration in the behavior of animals exposed to ethanol compared to that nonexposed, an effect not significantly attenuated by treatment with LGG. Conclusions: Results of the first study indicate that ethanol triggers a series of cellular and molecular events and inflammation plays a significant role in hepatic steatosis. Then, it was shown that treatment with LGG decreased serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, attenuating hepatic steatosis. The third study showed that the ethanol, but not LGG has a significant effect on zebrafish behavior.
18

Alterações hepáticas causadas pelo etanol e efeito do tratamento com Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG em zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Schneider, Ana Cláudia Reis January 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Em relação ao fígado, a esteatose é a consequência mais comum do consumo abusivo do etanol e predispõe à doença hepática mais grave. Os mecanismos da doença hepática alcoólica não são plenamente conhecidos e as terapias são escassas. Os objetivos desta tese foram: 1) averiguar os efeitos do etanol no fígado, utilizando o zebrafish como modelo experimental; 2) avaliar o tratamento com o Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) na esteatose hepática; 3) observar os efeitos do etanol e do tratamento com o LGG no comportamento do zebrafish. Métodos: Foram realizados três experimentos utilizando peixes zebrafish, adultos, wildtype. O primeiro experimento foi formado por dois grupos, Controle (C) e Etanol (E), com 52 animais em cada um. O grupo E foi exposto a 0,5% de etanol por quatro semanas. Foram conduzidas análises histológicas e moleculares dos genes il-1b, tnf-α, il-10, sirt1, adiponectina e adipor2 nos fígados dos animais. No 2°experimento foram avaliados quatro grupos: Controle (C), Probiótico (P), Etanol (E) e Probiótico + Etanol (P + E), com 220 animais respectivamente. Durante quatro semanas os grupos P + E e P foram alimentados com ração com o probiótico LGG e os grupos E e C com ração sem probiótico. Foram realizadas análises histológicas e morfométricas no tecido hepático, quantificações de lipídeos séricos e hepáticos. No 3° experimento, os grupos C, E, P e P+E foram formados (n=15 animais por grupo) e, após duas semanas, o comportamento dos animais foi analisado no teste open-tank com o programa ANYmaze ®. Resultados: No 1° experimento os animais do grupo E apresentaram intensa esteatose hepática, aumento de glicogênio plasmático associado às gotículas lipídicas, alterações no retículo endoplasmático rugoso e degeneração de canalículos biliares. Houve acentuação na expressão hepática de il-1b, tnf-α, sirt1 e do adipor2, indicando que o etanol desencadeou resposta inflamatória e de proteção hepática. No 2° experimento, o grupo E apresentou intensa esteatose após quatro semanas, ao contrário do grupo P + E. A morfometria celular mostrou um aumento de 14,8 vezes no tamanho dos hepatócitos do grupo E (4° semana) quando comparado com C (p <0,0001). Os triglicerídeos séricos diminuíram no grupo P + E em comparação com C, P (p <0,001) e E (p = 0,004). O colesterol sérico do grupo P diminuiu comparado aos grupos C e E na segunda semana (p = 0,002 e p = 0,007) e do grupo P + E diminuiu comparado aos grupos E e C (p<0,0001), na quarta semana. As concentrações de triglicerídeos hepáticos reduziram no grupo P + E na quarta semana em comparação com E (p = 0,006). No 3° experimento, os animais expostos ao etanol apresentaram menor ansiedade em relação ao novo ambiente, evidenciada pela maior exploração da área superior do aquário. O efeito desibinidor do etanol não foi significativamente atenuado pelo tratamento com o LGG. Conclusões: Os resultados do primeiro estudo indicaram que o etanol desencadeia uma série de eventos celulares e moleculares e que a inflamação desempenha papel significativo na esteatose hepática. No segundo, foi demonstrado que o tratamento com LGG diminuiu os níveis séricos de triglicerídeos e de colesterol, atenuando a esteatose hepática. O terceiro estudo mostrou que o etanol teve efeito significativo no comportamento do zebrafish, que não foi modificado pelo LGG. / Introduction: Regarding to the liver, hepatic steatosis is the most common consequence of abusive alcohol consumption and predisposes to more severe liver disease. The mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease are not fully known and therapies are scarce. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to verify the effects of ethanol in the liver using the zebrafish as an experimental model; 2) to evaluate a treatment with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in hepatic steatosis; 3) to observe the effects of ethanol and treatment with LGG in zebrafish behavior. Methods: Three experiments were performed using zebrafish, adult, wildtype. For the 1st trial, two groups were formed: Control (C) and Ethanol (E), with 52 animals in each group. E group was exposed to 0.5% ethanol during four weeks. Histological and molecular analysis of genes il-1b, tnf-α, il-10, sirt1, adiponectin, and adipor2 were conducted in zebrafish livers. For the 2nd trial, four groups were evaluated: Control (C), Probiotic (P), Ethanol (E) and Probiotic + Ethanol (P + E). During four weeks, the P + E and P groups were fed with food supplemented with LGG and E and C groups received food without probiotic. Histological and morphometric analysis in liver tissue, measurements of serum and hepatic lipids were performed. In the 3rd trial, C, E, P and P + E groups were formed and after two weeks, the animals' behavior was analyzed in opentank test with ANYmaze ® program. Results: In the 1st trial, animals in E group developed severe liver steatosis and cell abnormalities were observed: increase of glycogen associated to lipid droplets, alterations in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, degeneration of biliary canaliculi with presence of myelin figures inside. Increased hepatic expression of il-1b, tnf-α, sirt1 and adipor2 possibly indicates that ethanol triggered both inflammatory and hepatic protection responses. In the 2nd trial, E group presented severe steatosis after four weeks, in contrast to the E + P group. Cell morphometry showed a 14.8 fold in hepatocytes size of E (4th week) compared to C group (p <0.0001). Serum triglycerides decreased in the P + E group compared with C, P (p <0.001) and E groups (p = 0.004). Serum cholesterol decreased in P group compared to C and E groups at second week (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007) and in E + P group decreased compared with E and C groups (p<0.0001) at fourth week. Liver triglycerides were reduced in the P + E group at the fourth week compared to E group (p = 0.006). In the 3rd trial, there was an alteration in the behavior of animals exposed to ethanol compared to that nonexposed, an effect not significantly attenuated by treatment with LGG. Conclusions: Results of the first study indicate that ethanol triggers a series of cellular and molecular events and inflammation plays a significant role in hepatic steatosis. Then, it was shown that treatment with LGG decreased serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, attenuating hepatic steatosis. The third study showed that the ethanol, but not LGG has a significant effect on zebrafish behavior.
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Pivski trop – sirovina u mlečno-kiseloj fermentaciji / Brewer’s spent grain – raw material in lactic acid fermentation

Radosavljević Miloš 31 May 2017 (has links)
<p>Pivski trop čini približno 85% od ukupnih sporednih proizvoda proizvodnje piva, i dostupan je po veoma niskim cenama tokom čitave godine. Pivski trop ima veliku perspektivu za primenu u biotehnologiji i proizvodnji visoko vrednih proizvoda. Jedna od veoma ekolo&scaron;ki i ekonomski isplativih alternativa je upotreba pivskog tropa u proizvodnji mlečne kiseline, jer se poslednjih par decenija uočava intenzivan rast potražnje za mlečnom kiselinom. Mlečna kiselina je najvažnija hidroksikarbonska kiselina &scaron;iroko rasprostranjena u prirodi, sa velikom primenom u prehrambenoj, farmaceutskoj, tekstilnoj i hemijskoj industriji i industriji prerade kože.<br />Cilj istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je ispitivanje primene pivskog tropa u proizvodnji mlečne kiseline. Prvo je izvr&scaron;ena optimizacija enzimske hidrolize pivskog tropa u cilju dobijanja &scaron;to je moguće veće koncentacije redukujućih &scaron;ećera neophodne za mlečno-kiselu fermentaciju. Hidrolizat pivskog tropa je dobijen enzimskom hidrolizom dodatkom komercijalnih enzima za razgradnju skroba i celuloze. Parametri čiji je uticaj na efikasnost enzimske hidrolize ispitanu su: pH vrednost, temperatura hidrolize i količina dodatih enzima. Nakon &scaron;to su određeni najbolji uslovi razgranje pivskog tropa, dobijeni postupak hidrolize je primenjen u proizvodnji hidrolizata pivskog tropa koji je kori&scaron;ćen u mlečno-kiselim fermentacijama.<br />Nakon toga je ispitana mlečno-kisela fermentacija sa dva proizvodna mikoorganizma. Kao proizvodni mikroorganizmi u mlečno-kiselim fermentacijama primenjena su dva soja bakterija mlečne kiseline: Lactobacillus fermentum PL-1 i Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. Ispitan je uticaj dodatka različitih koncentracija ekstrakta kvasca (0,5-5,0%) uz korekciju pH vrednosti tokom fermentacije sa dodatkom kalcijum-karbonata. U zavisnosti od udela L-(+)- i D-(-)-mlečne kiseline koje nastaju tokom fermentacije izabran je proizvodni mikroorganizam koji proizvodi vi&scaron;e L-(+)-mlečne kiseline.<br />U daljim ispitivanjima je ispitan uticaj korekcije pH pomoću natrijum-hidroksida kao i dodatak različitih koncentracija ekstrakta kvasca (0,5-5,0%) i redukujućih &scaron;ećera (2,7; 5,4 i 8,1%) u hidrolizatu pivskog tropa na mlečno-kiselu fermentaciju pomoću odabranog soja bakterija mlečne kiseline. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata izabrana je najbolja koncentracija redukujućih &scaron;ećera i ekstrakta kvasca koji će se koristiti u daljim istraživanjima.<br />Takođe je ispitana i mogućnost zamene skupog ekstrakta kvasca i glukoze sa obnovljivim sirovinama, kao &scaron;to su pivski kvasac, džibra i bistra džibra.<br />Ispitan je uticaj dodatka različitih koncentracija pivskog kvasca (0,5-5,0%), džibre (5-20%) i bistre džibre (5-50%) pre fermentacije kao i dodatak bistre džibre u dolivnoj fermentaciji, na mlečno-kiselu fermentaciju hidrolizata pivskog tropa.<br />Ispitan je i dolivni postupak fermentacije hidrolizata pivskog tropa dodatkom glukoze, glukoze i ekstrakta kvasca i sladovine. Takođe je ispitana mogućnost izvođenja vi&scaron;e uzastopnih fermentacija sa imobilisanim ćelijama odabranog soja bakterija mlečne kiseline u kalcijum-alginatu.<br />Na osnovu eksperimentalnih rezultata zaključujeno je da je dodatak kalcijum-karbonata imao pozitivan uticaj na proizvodnju mlečne kiseline sa L. fermentum i L. rhamnosus. Sa dodatkom kalcijum-karbonata povećali su se utro&scaron;ak redukujućih &scaron;ećera, koncentracija i prinos mlečne kiseline i vijabilnost ćelija L. fermentum i L. rhamnosus. Ekstrakt kvasca i kalcijum-karbonat su imali značajan uticaj na proizvodnju mlečne kiseline sa L. fermentum i L. rhamnosus. U fermentacijama sa L. fermentum najveći prinos ukupne mlečne kiseline (44%) je postignut sa dodatkom 5,0% ekstrakta kvasca i 2,0% kalcijum-karbonata. U fermentacijama sa L. rhamnosus najveći prinos ukupne mlečne kiseline (98%) i L-(+)-mlečne kiseline (96%) je ostvaren u fermentaciji sa dodatkom 2,0% ekstrakta kvasca i 2,0% kalcijum-karbonata. Na osnovu rezultata odlučeno je da se u daljim ispitivanjima mlečno-kisele fermentacije hidrolizata pivskog tropa kao proizvodni mikoorganizam koristi L. rhamnosus.<br />Primenom natrijum-hidroksida za korekciju pH je skratila fermentaciju za 48 sati a ostvareno je i značajno povećanje zapreminske produktivnosti L-(+)-mlečne kiseline (za 200%, povećanje sa 0,21 na 0,63 g/l&middot;h-1). Korekcija pH u svim daljim istraživanjima je vr&scaron;ena sa dodatkom natrijum-hidroksida.<br />U mlečno-kiselim fermentacijama sa različitim početnim koncentracijama redukujućih &scaron;ećera (2,7; 5,4 i 8,1%) i sa dodatkom različitih koncentracija ekstrakta kvasca (0,5-5,0%), najveći prinos L-(+)-mlečne kiseline i zapreminska produktivnost od 91,29% i 1,69 g/l&middot;h-1, kao i vijabilnost ćelija L. rhamnosus od 9,7&middot;109 CFU/ml ostvareni su u fermentaciji sa početniom koncentracijom redukujućih &scaron;ećera od 5,4% i dodatkom 5,0% ekstrakta kvasca.<br />Na osnovu ostvarenih rezultata u istraživanjima sa dodatkom džibre i dodacima tokom fermentacije kao i u fermentacijama sa imobilisanim ćelijama je kori&scaron;ćen hidrolizat pivskog tropa sa početnom koncentracijom redukujućih &scaron;ećera od 5,4%.<br />U mlečno kiseloj fermentaciji sa dodatkom pivskog kvasca najveći prinos L-(+)-mlečne kiseline (89,01%) i zapreminska produktivnost (0,89 g/l&middot;h-1) L-(+)-mlečne kiseline su ostvareni u fermentaciji sa dodatkom 5,0% pivskog kvasca i korekcijom početne koncentracije redukujućih &scaron;ećera na 5,0%. Na osnovu rezultata utvrđeno je da se može izvr&scaron;iti delimična ili potpuna zamena ekstrakta kvasca pivskim kvascem uz značajno smanjenje cene podloge za mlečno-kiselu fermentaciju, bez značajnog smanjenja efikasnosti mlečno-kisele fermentacije.<br />U mlečno-kiseloj fermentaciji sa dodatkom džibre i bistre džibre najveć koncetracija, prinos i zapreminska produktivnost L-(+)-mlečne kiseline od 31,03 g/l, 86,15% i 0,93 g/l&middot;h-1, ostvareni su u fermentaciji sa dodatkom 50% bistre džibre. Najvi&scaron;a koncentracija, prinos i zapreminska produktivnost L-(+)-mlečne kiseline ostvareni u dolivnoj fermentaciji sa dodatkom glukoze i bistre džibre tokom mlečno-kisele fermentacije su iznosili su 48,02 g/l, 87,82% i 0,96 g/l&middot;h-1.<br />U fermentacijama sa dodatkom nutritijenata tokom mlečno-kisele fermentacije najveća vrednost koncetracije, prinosa i zapreminske produktivnosti L-(+)-mlečne kiseline od 116,08 g/l, 93,32% i 2,04 g/L&middot;h-1, su ostvarene u fermentaciji sa dodatkom glukoze i ekstrakta kvasca tokom fermentacije. Na osnovu rezultata utvrđeno je da se dolivni postupak fermentacije može koristiti u cilju povećanja efikasnosti mlečno-kisele fermentacije.<br />Izvr&scaron;ena je imobilizacija ćelija L. rhamnosus u kalcijum-alginatu uz izuzetno visoku vijabilnost (1010 CFU/ml). Imobilisane ćelije L. rhamnosus su uspe&scaron;no kori&scaron;ćene u tri mlečno-kisele fermentacije. Prinos L-(+)-mlečne kiseline i zapreminska produktivnost su u sve tri fermentacije bili izuzetno visoki, pri čemu su najveći prinos L-(+)-mlečne kiseline i zapreminska produktivnost od 95,2% i 1,76 g/l&middot;h-1, ostvareni u drugoj fermentaciji. Upotrebom imobilisanih ćelija L. rhamnosus je osim povećanja prinosa i zapreminske produktivnosti L-(+)-mlečne kiseline skraćena fermentacija za 12 sati u poređenju sa &scaron;aržnim fermentacijama.</p> / <p>Brewers spent grain represents (BSG) about 85% of the total by-products from brewing process and is available at low price during the whole year. Due to its chemical composition BSG has great potential use in biotechnology and production of high-value products. One of very eco-friendly and economical alternative uses of BSG is in production of lactic acid (LA), since in the last few decades the demand for the LA has significantly risen, mostly because of development of biodegradable lactic polymers, which are eco-friendly and nontoxic.<br />Lactic acid is the most important hydrocarboxylic acid with an asymmetrical carbon atom, widely distributed in nature, and it has shown great potential in fields of food, pharmaceutical, textile, leather and chemical industries.<br />The aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the application of BSG in lactic acid production. First, the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of BSG was conducted, with the goal to achieve high reducing sugar concentrations, as much as possible, that are necessary on LA fermentation. BSG hydrolysis was conducted by usage of commercial enzymes for degradation of starch and cellulose. Effect of pH value, temperature and enzyme dosage on BSG hydrolysis efficiency was investigated. After the best conditions for BSG hydrolysis were determined, the optimized procedure for BSG hydrolysis was used for the production of BSG hydrolysate that will be used in LA fermentations.<br />After optimization of BSG hydrolysis, LA fermentation by two LA producing microorganisms was investigated. The strains investigated were two LA bacteria strains: Lactobacillus fermentum PL-1 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. The effect of yeast extract (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0, and 5.0%) addition in BSG hydrolysate, with the correction of pH value during LA fermentation by the addition of calcium-carbonate, on LA fermentation was investigated. Based on the results achieved for L-(+)- and D-(-)-LA ratio the LAB strains that produced more L-(+)-LA was chosen for further research.<br />In further research the effect of pH correction (with addition of NaOH), yeast extract (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0%) addition and reducing sugar concentration (2.7; 5.4 and 8.1%) in BSG hydrolysate on LA fermentation was investigated. Based on the results achieved the best yeast extract and reducing sugars concentrations was determined and used in further analysis or research. Also the possible replacement of expensive yeast extract and glucose with cheap alternatives, like brewer`s spent grain and stillage was investigated. The effect of brewer`s spent grain (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0, and 5.0%), whole stillage (5, 10, 15 i 20%) and thin stillage (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50%) addition before fermentation as well as thin stillage addition in fed-batch fermentation in BSG hydrolysate on LA fermentation were investigated.<br />Also fed-batch fermentation procedure (addition of glucose, glucose and yeast extract and wort during fermentation) was investigated. The possible application of cells immobilized in Ca-alginate for LA fermentation of BSG hydrolysate was also investigated.<br />Based on the results it was concluded that BSG can be successfully utilized as a raw material in production of LA, after optimization of hydrolysis and addition of nitrogen source.<br />According to the results of chemical composition before and after optimized hydrolysis 78.6% of total cellulose was hydrolyzed.<br />Addition of calcium-carbonate had positive effect on LA production by L. fermentum i L. rhamnosus. With the addition of calcium-carbonate reducing sugar utilization, LA yield and concentration and cell viability (both L. fermentum i L. rhamnosus) increased. Addition of calcium-carbonate and yeast extract had a positive effect on LA fermentation by L. fermentum and L. rhamnosus. In LA fermentation by L. fermentum the highest LA yield (44%) was achieved with addition of 5.0% of yeast extract and 2.0% of calcium-carbonate. In L. rhamnosus fermentations the highest total LA yield (98%) and L-(+)-LA yield (96%) was reached when 2.0% of yeast extract and 2.0% of calcium-carbonate were added.<br />Based on the results achieved it was concluded that BSG hydrolysate, with the addition of yeast extract, is a good fermentation media for LA fermentation with L. rhamnosus, and it was decided that L. rhamnosus will be used in further research of LA fermentation on BSG hydrolysate.<br />Addition of NaOH instead of calcium-carbonate for the pH correction shortened the fermentation time by 48 h and increased the L-(+)-LA volumetric productivity (by 200%, from 0.21 to 0.63 g/L&middot;h-1). Based on this results pH correction in further experiments was done by addition of NaOH.<br />In LA fermentation with different reducing sugar (2.7, 5.4 and 8.1%) and yeast extract concentrations (0.5-5.0%), the highest L-(+)-LA yield and volumetric productivity of 91.29%, and 1.69 g/L&middot;h-1, respectively, as well as L. rhamnosus cell viability (9.67 log CFU/mL), were achieved with the reducing sugar content of 5.4% and yeast extract content of 5.0%.<br />Based on this results in further experiment with the addition of stillage, in fed-batch fermentation and fermentation with immobilized cell BSG hydrolysate with 5.4% of reducing sugars and 5.0% yeast extract was used.<br />In fermentation with the addition of brewer&rsquo;s spent yeast the highest L-(+)-LA yield (89.01%) and volumetric productivity (0.89 g/L&middot;h-1) were achieved in the fermentation of BSG hydrolysate with 5.0% of reducing sugar and 5.0% of brewer&rsquo;s yeast. Based on the results achieved it was concluded that yeast extract can be partial or complete replaced by brewer&rsquo;s spent yeast with significant decrease of media cost, without the decrease in LA fermentation efficiency.<br />In fermentation with the addition of thin stillage the highest L-(+)-LA concentration, yield, and volumetric productivity of 31.03 g/L, 86.15%, and 0.93 g/L&middot;h-1, respectively, was obtained in fermentation with the addition of 50% of thin stillage. The highest L-(+)-LA concentration, yield, and volumetric productivity achieved in fed-batch fermentation with the addition of glucose and thin stillage during fermentation, were 48,02 g/L, 87,82% i 0,96 g/L&middot;h-1.<br />In fed-batch fermentation the highest L-(+)-LA concentration, yield, and volumetric productivity of 116.08 g/L, 93.32%, and, 2.04 g/L h-1, respectively, were achieved in fermentation with glucose and yeast extract addition during fermentation. The results showerd that fed-batch fermentation could be used to increase L-(+)-LA fermentation efficiency<br />Immobilization of L. rhamnosus cells with high viability (1010 CFU/mL) in Ca-alginate was conducted. Immobilized cells we successfully utilized in three repeated batch fermentation. L-(+)-LA yield and volumetric productivity were very high in all three batch fermentation, with the highest results achieved (95.20% and 1.76 g/L&middot;h-1, respectively) in second fermentation. Application of immobilized L. rhamnosus cells increased L-(+)-LA yield and volumetric productivity and shortened the fermentation time for 12 h in comparison with batch fermentation.</p>
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Colonização oral experimental por Candida albicans em camundongos imunossuprimidos e tratados com Lactobacillus acidophilus e Lactobacillus rhamnosus / Experimental oral colonization by Candida albicans in immunosuppressed mice treated with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Matsubara, Victor Haruo 01 July 2011 (has links)
Bactérias probióticas, como Lactobacillus sp, são conhecidas como inibidoras do crescimento de microrganismos patogênicos, têm a capacidade de modificar o equilíbrio microbiológico do hospedeiro e reduzir o crescimento de patógenos, como o microoganismo Candida albicans. Para avaliar a colonização oral experimental e o seu tratamento com probióticos, 152 camundongos DBA/2 imunossuprimidos foram inoculados oralmente com uma suspensão (108 células viáveis) de C. albicans. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: controle positivo (sem tratamento), tratados oralmente com nistatina, com Lactobacillus acidophilus e Lactobacillus rhamnosus. No grupo que recebeu nistatina, o tratamento foi iniciado um dia após a inoculação por Candida, já nos grupos que receberam as bactérias probióticas, os tratamentos foram iniciados 14 dias antes da inoculação. Tratamentos com nistatina e probióticos foram diários e duraram 13 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 e 13 dias após a inoculação inicial e feitas através de análises microbiológicas da mucosa oral dos animais. A colonização por C. albicans iniciou-se um dia após a inoculação, sendo o aumento das unidades formadoras de colônia progressivo e significante até o sétimo dia. Após este período, observou-se uma redução significativa no isolamento de leveduras. Todos os tratamentos probióticos reduziram significativamente a colonização de C. albicans na mucosa oral dos animais, comparada com a do grupo de animais não tratados. No grupo tratado com L. rhamnosus, a redução da colonização de levedura foi significativamente maior comparado ao grupo nistatina. Concluiu-se que o modelo animal DBA/2 imunossuprimidos é um bom modelo experimental para o estudo da colonização oral e o tratamento com probióticos, no presente modelo, pode ser uma alternativa eficaz para a redução da Candida na cavidade oral. / To evaluate experimental oral candidiasis and the treatment using probiotics, 152 DBA/2 mice after being immunosuppressed were orally inoculated with a suspension of C. albicans containing 108 viable cells of yeast. The animals were devided into four groups: positive control (untreated), trated oraly with nystatin, with Lactobacillus acidophilus and with Lactobacillus rhamnosus. In the group that received nystatin, the treatment was initiated one day after Candida inoculation, and in the groups that received the probiotic bacteria, the treatment began fourteen days before inoculation. Treatments with nystatin and probiotics were daily and lasted 13 days. Evaluations were performed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 days (after the initial inoculation) and made by microbiological analysis of the oral mucosa of these animals. The colonization of C. albicans in the oral mucosa animals began one day after the initial challenge and it was progressive and significant until the seventh day, when there was a significant reduction in the isolation of yeast. All treatments with probiotic bacteria significantly reduced the colonization of C. albicans in oral mucosa of the animals, compared to the untreated animal group. In group treated with L. rhamnosus the reduction of colonization of yeast was significantly higher compared to the group receiving nystatin. Based on the findings of this study we suggest that animal model DBA/2 immunosuppressed is a good model for experimental oral candidiasis and the treatment with probiotics in this model may be an effective alternative to the treatment of oral candidiasis.

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