Perhaps the most perplexing issue in Psalm 82 is its obvious cultic and polytheistic background with its source remains elusive to scholars. Consequently, to grasp the main intention and purpose of this psalm becomes an equally baffling exercise. This thesis will take up these two pertinent issues. It attempts to take the psalm as a whole. This paper will put forward two arguments. First, the genre of 'cultic prophetic psalm' is not only the most helpful, but also the most befitting approach to grasp its holistic intent. Second, Psalm 82 is seminal in developing a new cultic motif on "righteous judgment" from the cult of the "living and dying god" of the ancient traditions. / Psalm 82---a text notorious of its brevity, yet profound complex concepts is the subject of this thesis. Since the last two extensive works which were published in the late 1960s by James. S. Ackerman and Hans-Winfried Jungling, there are several other pieces which develop from these two contributions but concentrate only on some aspects of the psalm, and not a comprehensive study of it. It is therefore more appropriate and necessary than ever, that at the beginning of the 21st century when the academia on the ancient Near East has flourished in leaps and bounds, a re-examination of the scholarship on Psalm 82 will be fruitful venture. / Therefore, I shall present my thesis as follows: In chapter one, I shall review the past research results on Psalm 82. This sets up a starting point for the thesis and raises the main issues for discussion. It is proposed that Psalm 82 is a cultic prophetic psalm, which is performed in the temple expressing the Israelite belief of a just God. It is proposed that Psalm 82 is a cultic prophetic psalm with performance in the temple and expresses the Israelite belief in a Just God. In chapter two, I shall analyze and present the contents and the structure of the whole cultic drama. It will attempt to prove that the core content of this psalm is 'Belief in the Just God' and that this content is both inherited and developed from the motif of the "living and dying god" in the ancient traditions. Hence, a new cultic motif is formed that the just God of Israel judges the unjust gods and pronounces a death sentence. In chapter three, the whole psalm is submitted under the framework of a cultic drama, and I will attempt to analyze the words and the complex concepts in the psalm. These include "the council of gods", the relationship between "God" and the "gods", the righteous God of Israel judging the unjust gods, the meaning of "the poor", "orphans", "widows" and "the wicked", the usage of the image and meaning of both "the foundations of the earth" and "the shaking of the foundations of the earth", the function of "the nations" and "inheritance", and the significance of the death of the gods. Finally in chapter four, after comparing the concepts and usage of words mentioned above with the myths and stories of the ancient Canaanites. I shall further verify that Psalm 82 mainly absorbs and uses the mythical and religious elements of ancient Canaan. The psalm expresses the firm belief in the just God Yahweh, albeit in a polytheistic setting. By using the idea of "the council of gods" in the ancient Near East, especially in Canaan, the psalm integrates many mythical elements and ideas of the ancient religious traditions, and finally develops a new cultic motif on "righteous judgment" from the cult of the "living and dying god" of the ancient traditions. / 徐雪梅. / Adviser: Archie C. C. Lee. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3183. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-253). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Xu Xuemei.

The Impact of Leader¡¦s Integrity Character on the Effectiveness of Organization Change --- A Case of Formosa Plastics Corporation, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, and Macronix International Student : Lai, Shih-Chung Advisor : Dr. Huang , Jason H. National Sun Yat¡V Sen University Department of Business Management Abstract Integrity is one of the key factors to organizational change and it long standing. It is also a highly emphasized issue in corporate governance. Across the world, business misconducts that have caused severe consequences to the economy and society are increasing each day, and the level of trust on the businesses worsens after each event. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the integrity orientation of the leaders on organizational change, on the innovation which leads to a new stage of growth. The study is conducted through literature review and case analyses. I probe into the factors that impact the effectiveness of organization change. The study focused on the leader's character of integrity. The findings are as follow. 1.Integrity character bears a high degree of influence on the organization change process. The more intense the changes, the more it should be initiated from the top down, and the more important is the leadership. 2.The strength of crisis consciousness drives organization change, and further the demand on leader¡¦s integral character, no matter it's a stable enterprise or the one under change. 3.The best prediction model for the integrity character of leaders is the long term coworker observation. The same model would apply for selecting and fostering successors. 4.By observing the consistency between leader's oral expression and actual behavior is sufficiently indicative of the suitability of the lesders. 5.There are three critical dimensions of the character of integrity, which this study referred to as the three components of integrity, that is, ¡§righteousness and the belief of integrity¡¨,¡§consistency in thought and words¡¨, and ¡§consistency between words and behaviors¡¨. ¡iKeyword¡j¡G Integrity Character, Organizational change, Righteousness , Integrity, Consistency between Thought and Words, Consistency between Words and Behaviors.

The word δηθαηνζύλε occurs 92 times in 86 verses in the Greek New Testament. With regard to the four gospels, its incidence is the highest (70%) in Matthew. Among the other synoptic writers, only Luke uses it, and only once. The word δηθαηνζύλε occurs seven times in the Gospel of Matthew, and five of these occurrences are found in the Sermon on the Mount. It is clear that righteousness constitutes an important concept in the Gospel. With the term δηθαηνζύλε as the key element, the Gospel shows a structure in which the Sermon on the Mount with its five occurrences of δηθαηνζύλε is framed by 3:15 and 21:32, each one of these containing δηθαηνζύλε once. Matthew emphasises the enduring validity of the law and its fulfilment, of which the consequence is referred to in 5:20 as righteousness that could be described as more abundant righteousnessi. Therefore, to Matthew the relationship between law and righteousness is indicated by ἐληνιή in 5:19. The righteousness proposed by Matthew must comply with the will of God and the demands of the “kingdom of heaven”. From 6:1, it is clear that this is righteousness before your father. Matthew wants to impress it on the reader that righteousness must not be practised before people but before God eventually. I would appear that Matthew and Paul use the term δηθαηνζύλε in different ways. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain what meaning Matthew wants to convey by δηθαηνζύλε in the Gospel, and in what way he applies this meaning to his arguments in the Gospel. In Chapter 1, the background and the problem statement are set out. The objective of Chapter 2 was to ascertain if Matthew‟s use of the concept of righteousness was influenced by the situation that gave rise to the Gospel of Matthew coming into being (Sitz im Leben der alten Kirche). It was concluded that Matthew wanted to present a more abundant δηθαηοζύλε to the community in Antioch in order to assist them in defining their identity. In Chapter 3, the meaning of the word δηθαηνζύλε outside the Gospel of Matthew was investigated. It was found that context plays an important role in establishing the meaning of the word. It also became clear that δηθαηνζύλε is a wide concept that comprises both the meanings of “ethical action by man” and “gift of God”. The objective of Chapter 4 was to ascertain what δηθαηνζύλε meant to Matthew. It was concluded that he used the term in an ethical sense. In Chapter 5, the statement that there might be a tension between the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the Gospel was investigated in order to find out in what way Matthew applied his interpretation of righteousness in his arguments. The conclusion was that there is no tension between the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the gospel. It was also found that Matthew and Paul do not differ from each other theologically with regard to the meaning of the word δηθαηνζύλε; indeed, they are close to each other in this respect. In Chapter 6, a final conclusion was made regarding the use of δηθαηνζύλε in the Gospel of Matthew, viz. that Matthew and Paul complement each other in their semantic interpretation of the word δηθαηνζύλε in such a way that the result is a comprehensive concept of righteousness. It was found that Matthew‟s presentation of the concept associated with the term δηθαηνζύλε provides important ethical values that could be applied the South African society. / Thesis (MA (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The word δηθαηνζύλε occurs 92 times in 86 verses in the Greek New Testament. With regard to the four gospels, its incidence is the highest (70%) in Matthew. Among the other synoptic writers, only Luke uses it, and only once. The word δηθαηνζύλε occurs seven times in the Gospel of Matthew, and five of these occurrences are found in the Sermon on the Mount. It is clear that righteousness constitutes an important concept in the Gospel. With the term δηθαηνζύλε as the key element, the Gospel shows a structure in which the Sermon on the Mount with its five occurrences of δηθαηνζύλε is framed by 3:15 and 21:32, each one of these containing δηθαηνζύλε once. Matthew emphasises the enduring validity of the law and its fulfilment, of which the consequence is referred to in 5:20 as righteousness that could be described as more abundant righteousnessi. Therefore, to Matthew the relationship between law and righteousness is indicated by ἐληνιή in 5:19. The righteousness proposed by Matthew must comply with the will of God and the demands of the “kingdom of heaven”. From 6:1, it is clear that this is righteousness before your father. Matthew wants to impress it on the reader that righteousness must not be practised before people but before God eventually. I would appear that Matthew and Paul use the term δηθαηνζύλε in different ways. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain what meaning Matthew wants to convey by δηθαηνζύλε in the Gospel, and in what way he applies this meaning to his arguments in the Gospel. In Chapter 1, the background and the problem statement are set out. The objective of Chapter 2 was to ascertain if Matthew‟s use of the concept of righteousness was influenced by the situation that gave rise to the Gospel of Matthew coming into being (Sitz im Leben der alten Kirche). It was concluded that Matthew wanted to present a more abundant δηθαηοζύλε to the community in Antioch in order to assist them in defining their identity. In Chapter 3, the meaning of the word δηθαηνζύλε outside the Gospel of Matthew was investigated. It was found that context plays an important role in establishing the meaning of the word. It also became clear that δηθαηνζύλε is a wide concept that comprises both the meanings of “ethical action by man” and “gift of God”. The objective of Chapter 4 was to ascertain what δηθαηνζύλε meant to Matthew. It was concluded that he used the term in an ethical sense. In Chapter 5, the statement that there might be a tension between the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the Gospel was investigated in order to find out in what way Matthew applied his interpretation of righteousness in his arguments. The conclusion was that there is no tension between the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the gospel. It was also found that Matthew and Paul do not differ from each other theologically with regard to the meaning of the word δηθαηνζύλε; indeed, they are close to each other in this respect. In Chapter 6, a final conclusion was made regarding the use of δηθαηνζύλε in the Gospel of Matthew, viz. that Matthew and Paul complement each other in their semantic interpretation of the word δηθαηνζύλε in such a way that the result is a comprehensive concept of righteousness. It was found that Matthew‟s presentation of the concept associated with the term δηθαηνζύλε provides important ethical values that could be applied the South African society. / Thesis (MA (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Thesis (M.A. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Thesis (M.A. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Après avoir présenté un état de la question et donné des précisions méthodologiques,ce travail étudie, dans le fil du récit matthéen, les sept occurrences de ce mot, dans leur contexte proche et élargi, afin de tenir compte des prémisses, des conséquences et du cadre accompagnant ces occurrences. Chaque passage étudié fait l’objet d’une exégèse selon la méthode de l’analyse narrative.Tout au long de la narration, Matthieu accompagne son lecteur pour l’amener, par touches successives, à changer de compréhension (metanoia). Arrivé au terme du parcours ilpeut le reprendre en son début avec tout ce qu’il a pu saisir des différents concepts mis en jeu.Ainsi, la justice reste impérativement nécessaire pour entrer dans le Royaume des cieux, comme dans l’Ancienne Alliance. Cependant elle ne dépend plus d’un effort fait pour appliquer toutes les instructions de la Loi qui, néanmoins, garde toute sa validité pour rendre la vie possible sur terre ; elle dépend de la confiance faite en l’annonce de ce Royaume, confiance qui peut se manifester par l’accueil du baptême, en devenant disciple puis par la prière. Cette justice, accomplie en plénitude par le baptême de Jésus, est don du Père céleste qui veut voir Ses enfants dignes de Son Royaume. Elle va de pair avec le don de ce Royaume. On en a faim et soif, elle est toujours à rechercher. Elle permet de se reconnaître comme enfant de ce Père et de faire de Lui le centre de sa vie, et ainsi de considérer les autres humains comme des frères et non plus des ennemis. / Following a status quaestionis and some methodological considerations, this workconsiders the seven occurrences of the word in the course of the Matthean narrative, in theirclose and large context, so as to take into account their premiss, consequences and framework.Each passage is examined through a narrative analysis method of exegesis.All along the narrative, Matthew goes along his reader to take him, via successivetouches, all the way through a change in understanding (metanoia). At the end of this process,the reader can take it up again with what he understood of all the concepts at stake.Thus, righteousness) remains absolutely necessary to enter the Kingdom,as it was in the First Alliance. Yet, it does not depend any more upon an effort made to applyall the instructions of the Law, which still retains its validity to make life possible on earth; itdepends upon the faith one puts in the announcement of the Heavenly Kingdom, a trust thatmay be manifested through the acceptance of baptism, discipleship and prayer. Thisrighteousness, fully accomplished in Jesus’ baptism, is a gift of the Heavenly Father whowants to see his children worthy of his Kingdom. It goes along the gift of the Kingdom. Oneis hungry and thirsty for it; it needs to be always looked for. It allows anyone to considerhimself as a child of the Father and to make Him the central point of his life, and thus toconsider other human beings as brothers rather than enemies.

La probité relative aux devoirs envers autrui et aux devoirs de la vie civile, a pour synonyme le mot «intégrité» auquel s'attache l'idée particulière d'une pureté qui ne se laisse entamer ni corrompre. En ce qui concerne les atteintes à la probité, il convient d’appréhender la probité comme un devoir dont le manquement est pénalement sanctionné. En effet, le droit pénal français punit les manquements au devoir de probité qui sont généralement le fait de personnes exerçant des fonctions publiques. Ces incriminations se distinguent les unes des autres par leurs éléments constitutifs, leurs modalités d’accomplissement ou leurs finalités. Les atteintes à la probité méritent d’être étudiées compte tenu de la qualité singulière de leurs auteurs qui ne sont pas des délinquants ordinaires mais des représentants de la puissance publique.A travers cette étude des atteintes à la probité, nous tenterons de mettre en exergue l’importance considérable de ces infractions qui touchent à la puissance publique et la nécessité d’une répression accentuée destinée à sauvegarder les intérêts fondamentaux de la Nation, à prévenir les conflits d’intérêts, à moraliser la vie publique et à rappeler à l’ordre les personnes exerçant une fonction publique et soumises à l’exigence d’exemplarité. / The righteousness relative to the duties to others and to the duties of the civil life, has for synonym the word "integrity" to which becomes attached the particular idea of a purity which is allowed affect nor corrupt. As regards infringements on the righteousness, it is advisable to arrest the righteousness as a duty the breach of which is penally punished. Indeed, the French criminal law punishes the breaches in the duty of righteousness which are generally the fact of people holding public functions. These incriminations distinguish themselves some of the others by their constituent elements, their modalities of fulfillment or their ends. Infringements on the righteousness deserve to be studied considering the singular quality of their authors who are not ordinary delinquents but representatives of the public authorities. Through this study of infringements on the righteousness, we shall try to highlight the considerable importance of these breaches which affect the public authorities and the necessity of a stressed repression intended to protect the fundamental interests of the Nation, to prevent conflicts of interests, to moralize the public life and to call in to order the holding people a public function and subjected to the requirement of exemplary nature.

AFRIKAANS: Hierdie studie poog om deur 'n omvattende eksegetiese ondersoek van Psalms 9 en l0 op literêre - , semantiese - en sosiologiese vlak tot 'n verantwoordbare verstaan van die vyand in Psalms 9 en 10 te kom. Die eksegetiese ondersoek maak gebruik van die mees resente navorsing op die gebied van die literatuurwetenskap. Die eksegetiese resultate van die twee psalms word met mekaar vergelyk en word dan as basis gebruik om 'n semantiese analise te doen van die woordveld 'vyand'. Die studie toets die hipotese dat daar nie soos in die verlede net gevra moet word na die identiteit van die vyand in die betrokke psalms nie, maar of die vyand nie eerder 'n funksionele en teologiese rol vervul nie. Insigte vanuit die sosiologie word bygewerk om groter lig te werp op die omstandighede waarin die psalms afspeel. Hier is dus gekies vir 'n komplementêre benadering waar insigte uit verskillende dissiplines sinergisties kan bydrae tot 'n beter verstaan van die rol van die vyand. In die studie het dit duidelik geword dat Psalms 9 en 10 'n afgeronde en weldeurdagte struktuur vertoon. Dit het verder duidelik geword dat die woordvelde 'JHWH', 'regverdige' en 'vyand' in beide psalms in 'n driehoeksverhouding staan. Hierdie navorsing het die hipotese bevestig dat dit nie soseer om die identiteit van die vyand gaan nie, maar eerder om die funksie wat die vervul in terme van die regverdige se verhouding ten opsigte van JHWH en van sy gemeenskap. In hierdie driehoeksverhouding het dit nie om 'n ewewigsverhouding gegaan nie, maar was die vyand 'n middel tot 'n doel om veral die regverdige se posisie te verstewig. Belangrike gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is, is dat allerlei strategieë aangewend word om digotomies-ideologiese kategorisering teweeg te bring waardeur 'n polariteit bewerkstellig is tussen JHWH en die vyand, en die regverdige en die vyand. Daar is gevolglik 'n skerp dissosiasie met die vyand. Die digter skets homself as getrou aan JHWH en soek sodoende gemeenskaplikheid met JH WH. Deur hierdie strategie bewerk hy ook ‘n simpatie by sy nabye gemeenskap. Die sosiologiese ondersoek het hierdie resultate bevestig. Geen teks funksioneer in 'n vakuum nie. Aan die een kant dra die teks die stem en funksie van die sosiale realiteit waarin dit gebed is, en aan die ander kant is dit ook 'n teenstem teen die konvensionele en die ideologies-gemanipuleerde realiteit. Psalms 9 en 10 breek dus deur die huidige sosiale ervaring en poog om 'n nuwe realiteit te skep. Die realiteit is ook 'n funksie en 'n gevolg van die teks. Dit is dus nie net die omstandighede wat die teks bepaal nie, maar die teks het ook ten doel om die omstandighede van die regverdige te bepaal. Die twee psalms is 'n politieke daad om 'n nuwe sosiale moontlikheid vir die digter te skep. Die sosiale kernwaardes van 'eer' en 'skande' speel 'n baic belangrikc rol binne die driehoeksverhouding van Psalms 9 en 10. JHWH se eer is op die spel. Binne die verbondsverhouding waarin die regverdige lojaal aan JHWH is, het JHWH die vcrantwoordelikheid om die rcgverdige te verlos van sy krisis en sy sosiale status te versterk. JHWH moet die vyand tot skande maak om sodoende groter eer te verkry en die verbond te bevestig. ENGLISH: This study attempts to reach a justifiable understanding of the enemy in Psalms 9 and 10 by way of a comprehensive exegetic exploration on a literary, semantic and sociological level. The exegetic exploration uses the most recent research in the field of literature. The results of this exegesis of the two psalms are compared with each other and then used as a basis for a semantic analysis of the semantic field 'enemy", The study tests the hypothesis that one should not simply ask, as was done in the past, about the identity of the enemy in the particular psalms, but whether the enemy does not in fact fulfil a functional and theological role. Sociological insights are included to illuminate the circumstances in which the psalms are set. A complementary approach has therefore been chosen. Insights from various disciplines contributed synergistically to a better understanding of the role of the enemy. It became clear during the study that Psalms 9 and 10 show a well thought-out, rounded-off structure. Furthermore, it became clear that the semantic fields 'YHWH', 'righteous" and 'enemy' are in a triangular relationship. This research has confirmed the hypothesis that the function of the enemy is rather to be sought in terms of the relationship of the righteous with YHWH and his community and that the identity of the enemy is not so important. This triangular relationship is not a balanced one. The enemy is a means to an end to strengthen the position of the righteous, An important conclusion reached is that a variety of strategies were applied to establish dichotomic-ideological categorizing. From this a polarity is established between YHWH and the enemy on the one hand, and the righteous and the enemy on the other. There is thus a sharp disassociation from the enemy. The poet shows himself as true to YHWH and looks for common ground with YHWH. By using this strategy, he also manages to evoke sympathy from his close community. The sociological research confirmed these results. No text functions in a vacuum. On the one hand the text carries the voice and function of the social reality in which it is embedded. On the other hand, it is also a vote against conventional and ideologically manipulated reality. Psalms 9 and 10 therefore break through their current social experience and try to create a new reality. The social core values of 'honour' and 'shame' play an important role within the triangular relationship of Psalms 9 and 10. YHWH's honour is at stake. Inside the covenant relations where the righteous is loyal to YHWH, YHWH has a responsibility to liberate the righteous from his crisis and strengthen his social status. YHWH has to shame the enemy in order to gain greater honour and confirm the covenant relationship. / Dissertation (MA (Semitic Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted

abstract: So far, love and desire have preoccupied scholarly inquiries into the emotional landscape in late imperial China. However, the disproportional focus diminishes the complexity and interdisciplinarity of the emotional experiences during this period. Alternatively, this dissertation seeks to contextualize the understudied emotion of anger and uses it as a different entry point into the emotional vista of late imperial China. It explores the stimuli that give rise to anger in late imperial Chinese fiction and drama, as well as the ways in which these literary works configure the regulation of that emotion. This dissertation examines a wide range of primary materials, such as deliverance plays, historical romance, domestic novels, and so forth. It situates these literary texts in reference to Quanzhen Daoist teachings, orthodox Confucian thought, and medical discourse, which prescribe the rootedness of anger in religious trials, ritual improprieties, moral dubiousness, and corporeal responses. Simultaneously, this dissertation reveals how fiction and drama contest the presumed righteousness of anger and complicate the parameters construed by the above-mentioned texts through editorial intervention, paratextual negotiation, and cross-genre adaptation. It further teases out the gendering of anger, particularly within the discourse on the four obsessions of drunkenness, lust, avarice, and qi. The emotion’s gendered dimension bears upon the approaches that literary imagination adopts to regulate anger, including patience, violence, and silence. The body of either the angry person or the target of his or her fury stands out as the paramount site upon which the diverse ways of coping with the emotion impinge. Ultimately, this dissertation enriches the current understanding of the emotional experiences in late imperial China and demonstrates anger as a prominent nodal point upon which various strands of discourse converge. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation East Asian Languages and Civilizations 2020