The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to understand how theories of organizational culture canenrich our understanding of Matthew’s group, his parable speech and the parables of thekingdom of heaven. I argue that Matthew edited and constructed the parable speech to fit hisintentions so that he could call for righteous behavior from the members of his group. I thenargue that the parable speech can be viewed as a regulatory document that addresses externalproblems of adaption and internal problems of integration that Matthew’s group had to face.I also argue that the parables of the kingdom of heaven are related to externaland internal problems and that the parables can be understood as artifacts that express thepreferred behavior applied by the leaders of Matthew’s group.My conclusion is that the theories of organizational culture give us a betterunderstanding of the complex situation of Matthew’s group and that the parable speech isrelated to these issues and addresses the group. It can therefore be considered a regulatorydocument. The parables of the kingdom of heaven can be understood as stories that call forrighteous behavior and persuade the Jewish people to join Matthew’s group through followingthe law according to view held by Matthew’s group.

This thesis is performed at the company National Gummi AB who is manufacturers of rubber products. This report describes the process of the product realization in combination with production development. The purpose with this thesis was to examine ways to streamline the packaging process, which currently takes place manually at the company. The aim is to reduce management costs for packaging by finding an efficient packaging solution and reduce the manual work at the packing. The project contains analysis of company present situation, functional analysis, list of criteria, weight of criteria, FMEA, principal sketches and a product compilation draft. In order to achieve the objectives of the project methods were used from books as Principkonstruktion, Premiärkonstruktion (Fredy Olsson) and Produktionsutveckling (Monica Bell Grad & Kristina Säfsten). The result consists of two different solutions that meet the demands and requirements but differ with different properties from each other. Theories and reasons behind the success of the project are available in the report. Finally the project and the two proposed solutions were evaluated. / Det här examensarbetet är utfört hos företaget National Gummi AB som tillverkar gummiprodukter. Rapporten beskriver produktframtagningsprocessen i kombination med produktionsutveckling. Projektet gick ut på att undersöka möjligheterna för att effektivisera en paketeringsprocess som idag sker helt manuellt på företaget. Syftet är att sänka hanteringskostnaderna för paketeringsprocessen genom att hitta ett effektivare packningsarbete och kunna minska det manuella arbetet vid packningen. Projektet innehåller nulägesanalys, funktionsanalys, kriterieuppställning, kriterieviktningar, FMEA, principskisser och produktutkast. För att uppnå målen med projektet användes metoder från böckerna Principkonstruktion, Premiärkonstruktion (Fredy Olsson) och produktionsutveckling (Monica Bellgrad & Kristina Säfsten) . Resultatet består av två olika lösningsförslag som uppfyller krav och önskemål men skiljer sig med olika egenskaper från varandra. Teorier och grunder bakom projektets framgång finns tillgängliga i rapporten. Slutligen diskuterars projektet och de två lösningsförslagen utvärderas.

The word δηθαηνζύλε occurs 92 times in 86 verses in the Greek New Testament. With regard to the four gospels, its incidence is the highest (70%) in Matthew. Among the other synoptic writers, only Luke uses it, and only once. The word δηθαηνζύλε occurs seven times in the Gospel of Matthew, and five of these occurrences are found in the Sermon on the Mount. It is clear that righteousness constitutes an important concept in the Gospel. With the term δηθαηνζύλε as the key element, the Gospel shows a structure in which the Sermon on the Mount with its five occurrences of δηθαηνζύλε is framed by 3:15 and 21:32, each one of these containing δηθαηνζύλε once. Matthew emphasises the enduring validity of the law and its fulfilment, of which the consequence is referred to in 5:20 as righteousness that could be described as more abundant righteousnessi. Therefore, to Matthew the relationship between law and righteousness is indicated by ἐληνιή in 5:19. The righteousness proposed by Matthew must comply with the will of God and the demands of the “kingdom of heaven”. From 6:1, it is clear that this is righteousness before your father. Matthew wants to impress it on the reader that righteousness must not be practised before people but before God eventually. I would appear that Matthew and Paul use the term δηθαηνζύλε in different ways. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain what meaning Matthew wants to convey by δηθαηνζύλε in the Gospel, and in what way he applies this meaning to his arguments in the Gospel. In Chapter 1, the background and the problem statement are set out. The objective of Chapter 2 was to ascertain if Matthew‟s use of the concept of righteousness was influenced by the situation that gave rise to the Gospel of Matthew coming into being (Sitz im Leben der alten Kirche). It was concluded that Matthew wanted to present a more abundant δηθαηοζύλε to the community in Antioch in order to assist them in defining their identity. In Chapter 3, the meaning of the word δηθαηνζύλε outside the Gospel of Matthew was investigated. It was found that context plays an important role in establishing the meaning of the word. It also became clear that δηθαηνζύλε is a wide concept that comprises both the meanings of “ethical action by man” and “gift of God”. The objective of Chapter 4 was to ascertain what δηθαηνζύλε meant to Matthew. It was concluded that he used the term in an ethical sense. In Chapter 5, the statement that there might be a tension between the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the Gospel was investigated in order to find out in what way Matthew applied his interpretation of righteousness in his arguments. The conclusion was that there is no tension between the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the gospel. It was also found that Matthew and Paul do not differ from each other theologically with regard to the meaning of the word δηθαηνζύλε; indeed, they are close to each other in this respect. In Chapter 6, a final conclusion was made regarding the use of δηθαηνζύλε in the Gospel of Matthew, viz. that Matthew and Paul complement each other in their semantic interpretation of the word δηθαηνζύλε in such a way that the result is a comprehensive concept of righteousness. It was found that Matthew‟s presentation of the concept associated with the term δηθαηνζύλε provides important ethical values that could be applied the South African society. / Thesis (MA (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The word δηθαηνζύλε occurs 92 times in 86 verses in the Greek New Testament. With regard to the four gospels, its incidence is the highest (70%) in Matthew. Among the other synoptic writers, only Luke uses it, and only once. The word δηθαηνζύλε occurs seven times in the Gospel of Matthew, and five of these occurrences are found in the Sermon on the Mount. It is clear that righteousness constitutes an important concept in the Gospel. With the term δηθαηνζύλε as the key element, the Gospel shows a structure in which the Sermon on the Mount with its five occurrences of δηθαηνζύλε is framed by 3:15 and 21:32, each one of these containing δηθαηνζύλε once. Matthew emphasises the enduring validity of the law and its fulfilment, of which the consequence is referred to in 5:20 as righteousness that could be described as more abundant righteousnessi. Therefore, to Matthew the relationship between law and righteousness is indicated by ἐληνιή in 5:19. The righteousness proposed by Matthew must comply with the will of God and the demands of the “kingdom of heaven”. From 6:1, it is clear that this is righteousness before your father. Matthew wants to impress it on the reader that righteousness must not be practised before people but before God eventually. I would appear that Matthew and Paul use the term δηθαηνζύλε in different ways. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain what meaning Matthew wants to convey by δηθαηνζύλε in the Gospel, and in what way he applies this meaning to his arguments in the Gospel. In Chapter 1, the background and the problem statement are set out. The objective of Chapter 2 was to ascertain if Matthew‟s use of the concept of righteousness was influenced by the situation that gave rise to the Gospel of Matthew coming into being (Sitz im Leben der alten Kirche). It was concluded that Matthew wanted to present a more abundant δηθαηοζύλε to the community in Antioch in order to assist them in defining their identity. In Chapter 3, the meaning of the word δηθαηνζύλε outside the Gospel of Matthew was investigated. It was found that context plays an important role in establishing the meaning of the word. It also became clear that δηθαηνζύλε is a wide concept that comprises both the meanings of “ethical action by man” and “gift of God”. The objective of Chapter 4 was to ascertain what δηθαηνζύλε meant to Matthew. It was concluded that he used the term in an ethical sense. In Chapter 5, the statement that there might be a tension between the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the Gospel was investigated in order to find out in what way Matthew applied his interpretation of righteousness in his arguments. The conclusion was that there is no tension between the Sermon on the Mount and the rest of the gospel. It was also found that Matthew and Paul do not differ from each other theologically with regard to the meaning of the word δηθαηνζύλε; indeed, they are close to each other in this respect. In Chapter 6, a final conclusion was made regarding the use of δηθαηνζύλε in the Gospel of Matthew, viz. that Matthew and Paul complement each other in their semantic interpretation of the word δηθαηνζύλε in such a way that the result is a comprehensive concept of righteousness. It was found that Matthew‟s presentation of the concept associated with the term δηθαηνζύλε provides important ethical values that could be applied the South African society. / Thesis (MA (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Die doel van hierdie studie is om die relevansie van Gattungsforschung by die vasstelling van "betekenis" te ondersoek. Dit word gedoen deur hoofsaaklik die Nuwe-Testamentiese makarisme as Gattung nader te belig en die funksie wat dit in die reeks van Mt. 5:3-10 inneem, met die semantiese ontleding van die betrokke perikoop in verband te bring. Gattungsforschung word tradisioneel met Formgeschichte geïentifiseer. Op die voetspoor van die Ou-Testamentikus Wolfgang Richter, stel hierdie studie op gesag van die insigte van die nuwere taal- en literatuurwetenskap die leemtes in die tradisionele benadering verder aan die kaak. 'n Uiteensetting van hierdie moderne insigte, veral met betrekking tot die semantiek, word gebied. Op grond van hierdie insigte word 'n nuwere benadering tot Gattungsforschung bespreek en verfyn. Die metodologiese oefening word dan met die oog op die doel van die studie ten opsigte van die makarismereeks in Mt. 5 toegepas. Die resultaat wat verkry is, toon dat Gattungsforschung 'n besonderlike konnotatiewe bydrae lewer tot die juister bepaling van die boodskap van die teks. Hierdie resultaat word gesteun deur 'n oorsigtelike ondersoek na die funksie van enkele ander Gattungen. Die studie het aangetoon dat daar 'n goeie aanduiding bestaan dat Gattungsforschung 'n belangrike semiotiese relevansie bevat. En só is die deur geopen vir verdere besinning 'oor die kommunikeerbaarheid van literere tipes in Bybelse tekste. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1978. / gm2013 / Ancient Languages / Unrestricted

The word ἀνήρ becomes important in the bread miracles in the Gospels of Matthew- and Mark. This thesis will problematize the usage of the word ἀνήρ, in the Gospels of Matthew- and Mark, and look at other usages, as material of comparison. In order to analyse these differences, Riley’s hermeneutical method and Matsuda’s intersectionality are applied – Ask the other question. Matsudas perspective of gender means that the same questions are asked in the Gospels of Matthew- and Mark, where the word is found and intersects with different social markers. Social markers that will influence are: hierarchy, sex, ethnicity, religious belongings, generation, paternity and social status. Matsuda’s method will challenge the readers to focus beyond traditional interpretations and their own interests. Marital status can be identified by Riley’s method, as he points out that gender originates, when the word ἀνήρ in the Gospels of Matthew- and Mark is put in a surrounding context, pointing at historical facts referring to family and/or marriage. Differences occur in the Gospels of Matthew- and Mark, as to the importance and use of the word ἀνήρ. The word ἀνήρ often gets a general wider understanding in the New Testament and LXX, where it signifies a free male or a free male human being. In the bread miracles the word ἀνήρ gets a wider understanding where it signifies hungry free males or one hungry free male human being. There are few cases where the word ἀνήρ shows meaning connected to marriage in the New Testament and LXX. Gender emerges in relation to marriage primarily in Matt 1:16 and Matt 1:19, but also connected to divorce in Mark 10:2 and 10:12

Thesis (DTh (Practical Theology and Missiology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The focus of the research is the problem that congregations experience in ministry when they are trying to integrate children and adults in inclusive intergenerational spaces in such a way that it will enable children and adults to serve God together and grow together spiritually. The research may be described as a quest for a theology and a church that truly invite and welcome children into their midst, and care for the children’s total humanness. As an exploratory study the research aims to contribute to the development of knowledge in respect of the theological foundation of a ministry in which adults accept the challenge of growing spiritually together with their children. The research was embarked upon from the perspective of Child Theology and a practical-theological ecclesiology. As a theology-from-below, Child Theology is a contextual theology and as such an inductive methodology was followed in the research. The first phase of the research examined the social and ecclesiastical context in which children grow up during the beginning of the 21st century. The social analysis revealed that children grow up in a global network society, characterized by fragmentation in different generations and developmental groups, an excessive emphasis on individualistic self-fulfilment, the disintegration of family life, the social exclusion and marginalization of children, and the search for identity. The ecclesiastical analysis has revealed that, from various quarters, a demand has arisen for greater theological contemplation about, and a new approach to, children’s ministry. The second phase of the research examined the diverse Biblical testimony concerning children, God, and the faith communities’ involvement with children. A number of Biblical theological perspectives in respect of children and the ministry to them have come to the fore, and were formulated. Beside all the other perspectives that have come to the fore, it became clear that, for the 21st century, the church and theology should reinterpret especially the radicalism of the testimony about Jesus’ interaction with children in the Gospel of Matthew. In the final phase, the hermeneutical process was continued in a sensitive correlative dialogue between the Word and the world in order to find basic-theoretical pointers for a discourse regarding the design of a practice theory for a ministry that can integrate children and adults in congregational life. These pointers are expressed as six lenses, while the parameters for a practice theory are shown. Enacting this practice theory demands more than a few superficial adaptations in the ministry of congregations. It demands, under the guidance of the Word and Spirit, that congregations rediscover their kenosis identity as God’s communities in which all have been transformed and have become like little children. God’s missional and community-founding identity will be reflected by the identification of values that can guide them in the realization of this kenosis identity in their ministry to, with, by and for children. Thus, this research generates the following condensed hypothesis: The ministry with children in and through the congregation as intergenerational space, can be a corrective of the disintegration of family life, the fragmentation of society in different generations and developmental groups, the excessive emphasis on individualistic self-fulfilment and the social exclusion and marginalization of children if, in the development of an effective ministry with children, the focus is on the rediscovery and realization of identity as a reflection of God’s missional and community-building identity.

Detta är en undersökning av en symbolisk tolkning av oxen och åsnan i kristna födelseikoner (och andra framställningar). Denna symboliska tradition har ett ytterst begränsat vetenskapligt belägg i samtiden och utgår särskilt från kyrkofädernas tolkningar. Denna undersökning bidrar med en insikt i en levande ikonografisk praxis där symboliken i djuren visar sig spela en roll för att reflektera en särskild teologi. Materialet består av ett antal föreläsningar av den kanadensiske ortodoxa ikonmålaren Jonathan Pageau. Undersökningen bygger på de religionsvetenskapliga begreppen religiöst seende och religiös visuell kultur som grundar sig i en forskningstradition som Marie Fahlén redogör för. De bägge begreppen kompletterar varandra genom att de skapar en dualitet i förståelsen för religiös konst genom att knyta samman tolkningen och hermeneutiken framför bilden med kontexten och teologin bakom bilden. Materialet analyseras med en ideologianalys som strukturerar materialet i två analysmodeller som syftar till att spegla de teoretiska begreppens dualitet; idealtyper och dimensioner. Pageaus religiösa seende struktureras i idealtyper för oxe och åsna baserat på vad djuren associeras med i materialet. Den visuella kultur som Pageau uttrycker i materialet beskrivs i relation till de religionsvetenskapliga dimensionerna rättfärdiggörelse och frälsningslära som också är tänkta att följa dualiteten i de teoretiska begreppen; synen på andra och synen på den egna läran. Baserat på denna beskrivning kategoriseras Pageaus tolkning till den av Paul Knitters fyra religionsteologiska modeller han mest relaterar till. Undersökningen visar att oxen och åsnan är ett inslag i födelseikonen som för Pageau stärker tolkningen av inkarnationen som inte bara ett möte mellan himmel och jord, utan också en världslig försoning, ett ”coming together”. Oxen som sinnebilden av ett rent djur förknippar han bland annat med enhet och kategorisering, universalitet och principer. Åsnan som sinnebilden av ett orent djur förknippar han bland annat med förening och sammanblandning, partikularitet och förändring. Snarare än en historisk händelse menar han att det symboliserar en ontologisk ordning eller en ”evig händelse” som finns i allt. Analysen visar att Pageaus syn på rättfärdiggörelse och hans frälsningslära karaktäriseras av en balans mellan det universella och partikulära i synen på Guds kärlek. Undersökningen visar att Pageaus tolkning kan kategoriseras under uppfyllelseteologi.

I denna studie ifrågasätter jag tolkningar av Matteus 19:12, som påstår att versen och dess användning av ordet “eunuck” (εὐνοῦχος) förespråkar celibatet - antingen som en ideal eller alternativ till äktenskapet. Detta gör jag genom en studie av både historiska och bibliska bakgrundsfaktorer - främst identiteter, socio-politiska roller och andra aspekter av eunucker i antiken. Jag börjar med grekisk-romerska synsätt, som bevisar att eunucker oftast betraktades som hyper-sexualiserade och fördömdes för sina avvikande sexuella och könsidentiteter åtminstone av den Grekiska och Romerska eliten. Likadana synsätt har jag funnit i skrifter av den judiska filosofen Filon av Alexandria. Rabbinska källor uppvisar däremot radikalt annorlunda synsätt, som betraktar inte eunucker som celibata, men inte eller som köns-överskridande, allmänt eller sexuellt omoraliska. Diskussion om den Syriska kontexten och problematiken med dess källor visar att det kan vara värt att begrunda även postkoloniala perspektiv i frågan om eunuckernas identiteter, hur de avspeglas i olika källor och vilka avsikter skulle man kunna ha haft i användningen av sådanakaraktärer. Efter denna analys drar jag slutsatsen att tolkningen av Matteus 19:12 som förespråkande celibat är svår att försvara utifrån ett historisk-kritiskt perspektiv. Jag argumenterar också att de andra tolkningarna likväl tenderar att missa eller ignorera potentiellt viktiga aspekter i hur eunucker har betraktats, avbildats och behandlats i dom antika samhällena och Bibeln. Jag föreslår därför att söka nya intersektionella tolkningssätt.

The following study was conducted at an upper secondary school in Sweden and attempts to explore the question of what influences male pupils’ reading habits. Many quantitative international studies, including PISA, PIRLS and IEA Reading Literacy, have sought to answer this question, but only partially succeeded due to the limitations of their methods. Therefore, this study seeks to explore this question in more depth using qualitative methods, including interviews and classroom observations, but also minor tests. Two facts which the previously mentioned international studies have found is that boys and particularly immigrant boys tend to have worse reading results than their counterparts. It is therefore the aim of this study to study four male students in upper secondary school; of which two are native Swedes and the other two are unaccompanied refugee children; one from Afghanistan and the other from Morocco. The findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, necessity was found to be the single most important factor for the reading habits of these four pupils; especially the two refugees. Both refugees learnt to read under harsh circumstances in madrassas in their respective home countries. Moreover, the Moroccan pupil learnt to speak and read Spanish fluently during his seven years as a homeless child. Furthermore, in the absence of necessity, interest was found to be decisive in determining the pupils’ reading habits. In addition to this, the study theorizes that an interest in reading generally arises before the ability to read and not vice versa. However, teachers can in fact affect their pupils’ reading habits even in upper secondary school.