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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Síntese, caracterização, estudo das propriedades fotofísicas e simulação computacional de compostos polipiridínicos de Re(I)

Ramos, Luiz Duarte January 2015 (has links)
Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Karina Passalacqua Morelli Frin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Química, 2015. / Duas classes de compostos polipiridinicos foram sintetizadas. A primeira com o ligante bidentado 1,10-fenantrolina (phen) com formula geral fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(phen)]+/0, em que X = Cl-, piridina (py) ou 2-aminometil-piridina (ampy). Para a segunda classe de compostos sintetizados utilizou-se o ligante 4,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-il) -1,10-fenantrolina (cbz2phen) de formula geral fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0 em que X = Cl-, py ou ampy. As caracterizacoes dos compostos foram realizadas por meio de analise elementar, ressonancia magnetica nuclear de protons e espectroscopia na regiao do infravermelho e voltametria ciclica. As propriedades fotofisicas foram avaliadas por meio tecnicas como a espectroscopia na regiao do UV-VIS, espectroscopia de emissao em meio fluido e em uma matriz polimerica de poli(metacrilato) de metila (PMMA), e estudos de emissao resolvida no tempo. Em sincronia com experimentos praticos foram realizados calculos baseados em quimica quantica usando a Teoria do Funcional da Densidade com o objetivo de se determinar a natureza das transicoes eletronicas. Os espectros eletronicos para as duas series de compostos apresentam transicoes com coeficiente de extincao molar na ordem de 104 L.mol-1.cm-1 devidos as transicoes MLCT e IL. Deslocamento hipsocromico e observado para os compostos coordenados com a phen nao substituida em relacao ao ligante axial, fenomeno nao observado para os compostos coordenados com cbz2phen.Calculos teoricos indicam misturas de transicoes MLCT e IL em varias regioes do espectro eletronico. Os compostos exibem bandas de emissao largas e nao estruturadas que podem ser atribuidas ao estado excitado 3MLCTRe¨NN. A mudanca do ligante axial exerce uma maior influencia na emissao destes compostos, mostrando deslocamento hipsocromico conforme o carater aceptor de eletrons aumenta, caracteristica apresentada para ambas as series dos compostos: ¿Émax de emissao para fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(phen)]+/0, X = Cl- (600 nm), py (550 nm), ampy (560 nm) e para fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0, X = Cl- (630 nm), py (595 nm), ampy (595 nm). A incorporacao dos compostos em filmes de PMMA resulta em um deslocamento hipsocromico comparado ao mesmo composto em meio fluido. Os valores de rendimento quantico de emissao para os compostos fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(phen)]+/0 estao na ordem de 10-2 - 10-1 e para os compostos fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0 na ordem de 10-3 - 10-2 . Os tempos de vida de emissao em meio fluido para os compostos fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0 apresentam um tempo de vida pra o composto coordenado com cloro e dois tempos de vida para os compostos coordenados com py e ampy, todos nas escada de 10-9s. Enquanto que para os compostos em meio rigido observou dois tempos de vida para os tres compostos e todos na ordem de 10-6s. A voltametria ciclica para os compostos fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0 apresentou potencial de oxidacao Re(I)¨Re(II) de acordo com o carater retirador de eletrons do ligante axial. / Two classes of polypyridyl compounds were synthesized. First using the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand with the general formula fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(phen)]+/0, where X = Cl-, pyridine (py) or 2-aminomethylpyridine (ampy). For the second class of synthesized compounds were employed 4,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-il) -1,10-fenantrolina ligand (cbz2phen) with general formula fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0, where X = Cl-, py, ampy.The characterization of the compounds were carried out using elemental analysis, proton magnetic nuclear resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The photophysical properties were carried out using techniques such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, emission in fluid and incorporated in a poly(methacrylate)methyl (PMMA) matrix , and emission lifetimes. In addition to experimental investigations, theoretical calculations were obtained using the density functional theory (DFT) in order to determine the nature of electronic transitions. The experimental electronic spectrum for the two classes of compounds show transitions with molar extinction coefficient on the order of 104 L.mol-1.cm-1 due to MLCT and IL transitions. Hipsochromic shifts were observed in the electronic spectra with the axial ligand replacement in the compounds coordinated with phen ligand, contrary to the observed for the series of coordinated cbz2phen compounds. Theoretical calculations indicate a mixture of MLCT/IL transitions. The complexes exhibited non-structured band ascribed to the 3MLCT excited state. The change of the axial ligand exerts a greater influence on the emission spectra, showing hypsochromic shift according to the acceptor electrons character of axial ligand increases, characteristic observed for both series of compounds: emission ¿Émax for fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(phen)]+/0, X = Cl- (600 nm), py (550 nm) ampy (560 nm) and for fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0, X = Cl- (630 nm), py (595 nm) ampy (595 nm). The incorporation of the compounds in PMMA films results in a displacement hypsochromic shift compared to the same compound in a fluid medium.The emission quantum yield for fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(phen)]+/0 were on the order of 10-2 - 10-1 and for fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0 in the order of 10-3 - 10-2. The emission lifetimes in fluid medium for fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0 compounds features one lifetime for the chlorine compound and two lifetimes for the compounds coordinated with py and ampy ligands, all in the order of 10-9s. While all compounds in rigid medium feature two lifetimes in the order of 10-6s.Cyclic voltammetry for fac-[Re(X)(CO)3(cbz2phen)]+/0 exhibit oxidation potential Re(I)¨Re(II) according to withdrawing electron character of the axial ligand.
2

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Poly-Imine Ambipolar Ligands and Their Rhenium(I) Carbonyl Complexes

Salazar Garza, Gustavo Adolfo 08 1900 (has links)
The phenomenon luminescence rigidochromism has been reported since the 1970s in tricarbonyldiimine complexes with a general formula [R(CO)3LX] using conventional unipolar diimine ligands such as 2,2;-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline as L, and halogens or simple solvents as X. As a major part of this dissertation, microwave-assisted synthesis, purification, characterization and detailed photoluminescence studies of the complex fac-[ReCl(CO)3L], 1, where L = 4-[4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-N,N-diethylbenzenamine are reported. The employment of microwaves in the preparation of 1 decreased the reaction time from 48 to 2 hours compared to the conventional reflux method. Stoichiometry variations allows for selective preparation of either a mononuclear, 1, or binuclear, fac-[Re2Cl2(CO)6], 2, complex. The photophysical properties of 1 were analyzed finding that it possesses significant luminescence rigidochromism. The steady state photoluminescence emission spectra of 1 in solution shift from 550 nm in frozen media to 610 nm when the matrix becomes fluid. Moreover, a very sensitive emission spectral analysis of 0.1 K temperatures steps shows a smooth transition through the glass transition temperature of the solvent host. Furthermore, synthetic modifications to L have attained a family of ambipolar compounds that have tunable photophysical, thermophysical and other material properties that render them promising candidates for potential applications in organic electronics and/or sensors - either as is or for their future complexes with various transition metals and lanthanides.
3

TETRANUCLEAR CU(I) CLUSTERS WITH TUNABLE EMISSIONS BASED ON REMOTE STERIC CONTROL

Benjamin M Washer (14213087) 05 December 2022 (has links)
<p>Solid-state (SS) luminescent materials are an important class of materials in a myriad of technological applications including light-emitting devices (LEDs) and displays, SS lasers, sensors, imaging agents, etc. Unfortunately, the design of efficient SS emitters is often plagued by sensitivity to environment/matrix (e.g. aggregation-induced quenching, AIQ), competing non-radiative relaxation pathways, and complicated emission mechanisms that are difficult to systematically study and tune. Copper-based systems have been proven to be good candidates for SS emissive materials due to their low-cost, high synthetic variation and well-defined features. Examples of copper-cluster systems, specifically, have been shown to be highly stable, exhibit high photoluminescent quantum yields (ΦPL), and are often relatively insensitive to environmental changes. However, many of these systems are complicated in nature, and often evoke additional relaxation pathways. To mitigate these issues, tetranuclear Cu(I)-pyrazolate complexes have been made which exhibit high ΦPL, matrix insensitivity and proceed through one major radiative emission pathway: cluster-centered based phosphorescence (3CC). The pyrazoles are highly tunable, and by increasing the size of the ligand substituents (H, F, Cl/Me/Br), a rigidochromic effect is observed, causing a significant blue-shift in their photoluminescence, making these viable materials for organic LEDs (OLEDs), especially in the deep-blue region. Furthermore, by increasing the chain length of the ligand substituent (e.g., Me → Et), another material which exhibits stimuli-responsive luminochromism in response to solvent vapor or heat can be achieved. This material exhibits blue ↔ green rigidochromic luminescence in response to stimuli via isomerization of the ethyl units from exo ↔ endo resulting in additional steric effects that effectively prevent rigidification of the Cu4 cluster. This additional phenomenon opens the door for further exploration of Cu(I)-pyrazolate complexes for stimuli-responsive luminescent materials (SRLMs) applications.</p>
4

Síntese, caracterização e estudos das propriedades fotofísicas de complexos de rênio(I) para aplicação em fotorredução de CO2

Orfão Júnior, Ronaldo Barros January 2014 (has links)
Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Karina Passalacqua Morelli Frin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência & Tecnologia - Química, 2014. / Neste trabalho, foram estudadas as propriedades fotofisicas de alguns compostos de coordenacao de renio(I), fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)L]0/+1 (NN = 2,2f-bipiridina ou 2,2f-bipirimidina; L = Cloreto (Cl-), piridina (py), 2-aminometilpiridina (ampy) ou 2-fenilpiridina (phpy), e [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl]. Os compostos sintetizados foram caracterizados quanto as suas propriedades na espectroscopia de ressonancia magnetica nuclear de 1H (1H RMN), absorcao e emissao na regiao do Ultravioleta- Visivel (UV-Vis) e espectroscopia na regiao do Infravermelho (IV). Os espectros eletronicos de absorcao na regiao de UV-Vis evidenciaram que os compostos sintetizados apresentaram altos valores na absortividade molar (na ordem de 104 L.mol-1.cm-1) e exibiram na regiao analisada transicoes intraligante (1IL¿Î¨¿Î*) do ligante polipiridinico e do ligante piridinico e transicoes de transferencia de carga metal-ligante (1MLCTRe¨NN). Para o composto binuclear de renio(I), [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl], observou-se uma prolongamento da banda de absorcao, isto e, o composto absorve radiacao visivel ate aproximadamente 600 nm.. Os espectros de emissao dos compostos fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]0/+1 (L = Cl, py, ampy ou phpy) apresentaram uma banda larga e nao estruturada, sendo que o estado excitado 3MLCTRe¨bpy e o responsavel pela emissao. O composto fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)Cl] apresentou em diclorometano (CH2Cl2) uma emissao maxima em 612 nm e 0,005 de rendimento quantico, enquanto que os compostos fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+1 (py, ampy ou phpy) apresentaram a emissao em 548, 558, 526 nm e rendimento quantico de 0,216, 0,078, 0,254, respectivamente. Portanto, a substituicao do ligante cloro pelo ligante piridinico provoca um deslocamento hipsocromico da emissao e tambem a um aumento. no rendimento quantico, tendo em vista que o ligante cloro reduz a eficiencia do cruzamento intersistema. Os compostos fac-[Re(CO)3(bpm)Cl] e [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl] apresentaram uma emissao relativamente baixa em diferentes solventes, na ordem de 10-4. Enquanto que o estado responsavel pela emissao do composto mononuclear e 3MLCTRe¨bpm, por outro lado quando ocorre a coordenacao com outro atomo de renio, [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl], existe a desestabilizacao deste estado, tendo assim, o estado excitado 3ILbpm responsavel pela emissao. O estado excitado de mais baixa energia 3MLCT para os compostos fac-[Re(CO)3(bpm)Cl] e fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+, (L= py, ampy ou phpy) e os diferentes valores observados em meios rigidos confirmaram a sensibilidade do estado excitado a rigidez do meio, observou-se o efeito rigidocromico. Consequentemente, estes compostos podem ser utilizados no desenvolvimento de dispositivos moleculares. / In this work, it were studied the photophysical properties of some coordination compounds of rhenium(I), fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)L]0/+1 (NN = 2,2'- bipyridine, bpy, or 2,2'-bipyrimidine, bpm; L = chloride (Cl), pyridine (py), 2-aminomethylpyridine (ampy) or 2 -phenylpyridine (phpy), and [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl]]. The synthesized compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 1H (1H NMR), absorption and emission in the Ultraviolet- Visible region (UV - VIS) and spectroscopy in infrared region (IR). The electronic absorption spectra in the UV-Vis region showed that the synthesized compounds presented high molar absorptivity (in the order of 104 L.mol-1.cm-1) and exhibited in the analyzed region intraligand transitions (1IL¿Î¨¿Î*) of the polypyridyl ligant and pyridine, as well as metal to ligand charge transfer transitions (1MLCTRe ¨ NN). For binuclear compound of rhenium(I), [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl], there was a prolongation of the absorption band, i.e., the compound absorbs visible radiation up to approximately 600 nm.The emissions spectra of the compounds fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]0/+1(L = Cl-, py, ampy or phpy) exhibited a broad and unstructured band assigned to the lowest lying excited state, 3MLCTRe ¨ bpy. The compound fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)Cl] presented in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) a maximum emission at 612 nm and quantum yield of 0.005, while the compounds fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+1 (py, ampy or phpy) presented the emission in 548, 558, 526 nm and quantum yield of 0.216, 0.078, 0.254, respectively. Therefore, the substitution of the chloride ligant by pyridine causes a hypsochromic shift in the emission, as well as an increase in the quantum yield, since the chloride ligant reduces the efficiency of intersystem crossing. The fac-[Re(CO)3(bpm)Cl] and [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl] compounds presented a relatively low emission in CH3CN, in the order of 10-4. While the 3MLCTRe ¨ bpm was the responsible for the mononuclear emission, when the coordination to an another atom of rhenium occurred [Cl(CO)3Re(bpm)Re(CO)3Cl], this state was destabilized, and thus, the 3ILbpm excited state became the responsible to emission. The state excited of lower energy 3MLCT for compounds fac-[Re(CO)3(bpm)Cl], fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+ (L = py, ampy or phpy) and the different values observed in rigid media have confirmed the sensitivity of the excited state to the medium rigidity, due to the rigidochromic effect. Consequently, these compounds can be used in the development of molecular devices.
5

Propriedades fotoquímicas de alguns complexos de ferro(II) e rênio(I) / Photochemistry properties of some iron(II) and rhenium(I) complexes

Frin, Karina Passalacqua Morelli 06 June 2008 (has links)
Neste trabalho, foram estudadas as propriedades fotoquímica e/ou fotofísica de alguns compostos de coordenação de rênio(l) e ferro(I I). A irradiação dos complexos fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-L)]+, NN= 4,7-difenil-1,10- fenantrolina (ph2phen) ou 5-cloro-1,10-fenantrolina (Clphen) e L = 1,2-bis(4-piridil)etileno (bpe) ou 4-estirilpiridina (stpy), em acetonitrila ou em filme de poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) resulta em variações espectrais condizentes com a fotoisomerização trans-cis do ligante coordenado. A determinação dos rendimentos quânticos para a fotorreação pela variação espectral resultou em valores aparentes, uma vez que o reagente e o fotoproduto absorvem na mesma região. Para a determinação do rendimento quântico real, &#934;real, utilizou-se a técnica de 1H RMN, na qual os sinais do fotoproduto e do reagente são observados em regiões distintas com diferentes constantes de acoplamento. Os valores de &#934;real obtidos para fac-[Re(CO)3h(NN)(trans-bpe)]+ (ph2phen: &#934;313= 0,43 ± 0,03; &#934;365= 0,44 ± 0,02; &#934;404= 0,43 ± 0,02; Clphen: &#934;313= 0,56 ± 0,03; &#934;365= 0,55 ± 0,04; &#934;404= 0,57 ± 0,06) são independentes do comprimento de onda de irradiação, indicando a existência de um único canal para a população do estado excitado 3ILtrans-bpe. Por outro lado, para fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-stpy)]+, os valores de &#934;real sob irradiação a 404 nm são menores que os determinados para os demais comprimentos de onda de irradiação (ph2phen: &#934;313= 0,60 ± 0,05; &#934;365= 0,64 ± 0,09; &#934;404= 0,42 ± 0,03; Clphen: &#934;313= 0,52 ± 0,05; &#934;365= 0,58 ± 0,02; &#934;404= 0,41 ± 0,06), indicando que, a energias maiores, em que o Iigante absorve significativamente, deve existir a contribuição de outro canal para a população do estado excitado 3ILtrans-stpy. A eficiência do fotoprocesso foi avaliada por meio da substituição dos ligantes NN e/ou L, e a diferença nos valores de &#934;real entre os complexos deve estar relacionada principalmente com as distintas eficiências de cruzamento intersistemas. o fotoprocesso altera as propriedades fotofísicas desses complexos. Os isômeros trans apresentam fraca ou nenhuma emissão a 298 K, enquanto os fotoprodutos, fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(cis-L)]+, apresentam intensa luminescência dominada pelo estado excitado 3MLCTRe&#8594;NN, que é sensivel à rigidez do meio. A reatividade fotoquímica dos pentacianoferratos(II) [Fe(CN)5 (NN)]3-, NN= 2aminobenzilamina (aba), 2-aminobenzamida (ab), 2-(dimetilaminometil)-3-hidroxipiridina (dmampy), 2-aminometilpiridina (ampy), 2-aminoetilpiridina (aepy) ou 2-(2metilaminoetil) piridina (maepy), também foi investigada. A irradiação desses complexos resulta na fotossubstituição do CN-, a qual só pode ser detectada quando o ligante possui um segundo grupo coordenante nas proximidades da esfera de coordenação. Os rendimentos quânticos da fotossubstituição são dependentes do comprimento de onda de irradiação (&#934;313= 0,13 ± 0,01; &#934;334= 0,091 ± 0,001; &#934;365= 0,056 ± 0,002; &#934;404= 0,022 ± 0,002; &#934;436= 0,015 ± 0,001, por exemplo, para NN = aba) e indicam a existência de canais distintos pelos quais a fotorreação ocorre ou as diferentes eficiências de cruzamento intersistema para a população do estado excitado reativo. A eficiência do fotoprocesso também depende do Iigante utilizado (&#955;irr= 365 nm: &#934;aba= 0,056, &#934;ab= 0,14, &#934;ampy= 0,046, &#934;aepy= 0,066, &#934;maepy= 0,069 e &#934;dmampy= 0,12). Na série das diaminas, o rendimento quântico é maior para [Fe(CN)5(ab)]3-, que possui dois sítios para ocorrer o fechamento do anel. Na série das aminopiridinas, observa-se a influência do comprimento da cadeia na eficiência do fechamento do anel. A presença de metilas ligadas ao nitrogênio alifático deve ter pouca ou nenhuma influência na eficiência do fotoprocesso. / The photochemical and/or photophysical properties of some coordination compounds of rhenium(l) and iron(II) were investigated. Photolyses of the fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-L)+ complexes, NN = 4,7-diphenyl-1, 10- phenanthroline (ph2phen) or 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Clphen), and L = 1,2-bis(4pyridyl) ethylene (bpe) or 4-styrylpyridine (stpy) in acetonitrile or in poly(methylmethacrilate) (PMMA) films led to spectral changes due to the trans-cis photoisomerization process of the coordinated ligand. Determination of quantum yields for the photoreaction from absorption spectral changes resulted in apparent values once the reactant and the photoproduct absorb in the same region. For the true quantum yields determination, &#934;true, the 1H NMR spectroscopy was employed since the signals of the photoproduct and the reactant are observed in distinct regions with different coupling constants. The &#934;true determined for fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-bpe)+ (ph2phen: &#934;313= 0.43 ± 0.03; &#934;365= 0.44 ± 0.02; &#934;404= 0.43 ± 0.02; Clphen: &#934;313= 0.56 ± 0.03; &#934;365= 0.55 ± 0.04; &#404= 0.57 ± 0.06) are independent on the irradiation wavelength indicating only one pathway for the 3ILtrans-bpe excited state population. On the other hand, for fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-stpy)+ the &#934;true under 404 nm irradiation are lower than those determined for the others irradiation wavelengths (ph2phen: &#934;313= 0.58 ± 0.04; &#934;365= 0.64 ± 0.09; &#934;404 =0.42 ± 0.04; Clphen: &#934;313= 0.54 ± 0.02; &#934;365= 0.58 ± 0.03; &#934;404= 0.42 ± 0.06) which indicate that at higher energies, where the ligand absorbs significantly, there is another pathway that contributes to the 3ILtrans-stpy excited state population. The photoprocess efficiency was evaluated by changing the NN and/or L Iigands, and the differences between the &#934;true can be rationalized mainly in terms of distinct intersystem crossing efficiencies.The photoprocess changes the photophysical properties of these complexes. While the trans isomers exhibit week or no emission at 298 K, the photoproducts, fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(cis-L)]+, exhibit intense emission driven by 3MLCTRe&#8594;NN excited state, which is sensitive to the medium rigidity. The photochemical reactivity of pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes [Fe(CN)5(NN)]3-, NN = 2-aminobenzilamine (aba), 2-aminobenzamide (ab), 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3hydroxypyridine (dmampy), 2-amonomethylpyridine (ampy), 2-aminoethylpyridine (aepy), or 2-(2-methylaminoethyl)pyridine (maepy), were also investigated. Irradiation of these complexes results in the CN- photosubstitution which is detected only when the ligand has an additional coordinating group available near the coordination sphere. The photosubstitution quantum yields are dependent on the irradiation wavelength (&#934;313= 0.13 ± 0.01; &#934;334= 0.091 ± 0.001; &#934;365= 0.056 ± 0.002; &#934;404= 0.022 ± 0.002; &#934;436= 0.015 ± 0.001 for NN = aba), indicating the existence of distinct pathways in which the photoreaction takes place or the distinct population of the reactive excited state due to different intersystem crossing efficiencies. The efficiency of the photoprocess is also dependent on the Iigand (&#955;Irr= 365 nm: &#934;aba= 0.056, &#934;ab= 0.14, &#934;ampy= 0.046, &#934;aepy= 0.066, &#934;maepy= 0.069 e &#934;dmampy= 0.12). For the diamines complexes, the higher quantum yield is observed for [Fe(CN)5(ab)]3-, which exhibit two sites to occur the ring closure. For the aminopiridines, it is óbserved the importance of the chain length on the closure ring efficiency. And that the presence of methyl groups attached to the nitrogen has week or no influence on the photoprocess efficiency.
6

Propriedades fotoquímicas de alguns complexos de ferro(II) e rênio(I) / Photochemistry properties of some iron(II) and rhenium(I) complexes

Karina Passalacqua Morelli Frin 06 June 2008 (has links)
Neste trabalho, foram estudadas as propriedades fotoquímica e/ou fotofísica de alguns compostos de coordenação de rênio(l) e ferro(I I). A irradiação dos complexos fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-L)]+, NN= 4,7-difenil-1,10- fenantrolina (ph2phen) ou 5-cloro-1,10-fenantrolina (Clphen) e L = 1,2-bis(4-piridil)etileno (bpe) ou 4-estirilpiridina (stpy), em acetonitrila ou em filme de poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) resulta em variações espectrais condizentes com a fotoisomerização trans-cis do ligante coordenado. A determinação dos rendimentos quânticos para a fotorreação pela variação espectral resultou em valores aparentes, uma vez que o reagente e o fotoproduto absorvem na mesma região. Para a determinação do rendimento quântico real, &#934;real, utilizou-se a técnica de 1H RMN, na qual os sinais do fotoproduto e do reagente são observados em regiões distintas com diferentes constantes de acoplamento. Os valores de &#934;real obtidos para fac-[Re(CO)3h(NN)(trans-bpe)]+ (ph2phen: &#934;313= 0,43 ± 0,03; &#934;365= 0,44 ± 0,02; &#934;404= 0,43 ± 0,02; Clphen: &#934;313= 0,56 ± 0,03; &#934;365= 0,55 ± 0,04; &#934;404= 0,57 ± 0,06) são independentes do comprimento de onda de irradiação, indicando a existência de um único canal para a população do estado excitado 3ILtrans-bpe. Por outro lado, para fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-stpy)]+, os valores de &#934;real sob irradiação a 404 nm são menores que os determinados para os demais comprimentos de onda de irradiação (ph2phen: &#934;313= 0,60 ± 0,05; &#934;365= 0,64 ± 0,09; &#934;404= 0,42 ± 0,03; Clphen: &#934;313= 0,52 ± 0,05; &#934;365= 0,58 ± 0,02; &#934;404= 0,41 ± 0,06), indicando que, a energias maiores, em que o Iigante absorve significativamente, deve existir a contribuição de outro canal para a população do estado excitado 3ILtrans-stpy. A eficiência do fotoprocesso foi avaliada por meio da substituição dos ligantes NN e/ou L, e a diferença nos valores de &#934;real entre os complexos deve estar relacionada principalmente com as distintas eficiências de cruzamento intersistemas. o fotoprocesso altera as propriedades fotofísicas desses complexos. Os isômeros trans apresentam fraca ou nenhuma emissão a 298 K, enquanto os fotoprodutos, fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(cis-L)]+, apresentam intensa luminescência dominada pelo estado excitado 3MLCTRe&#8594;NN, que é sensivel à rigidez do meio. A reatividade fotoquímica dos pentacianoferratos(II) [Fe(CN)5 (NN)]3-, NN= 2aminobenzilamina (aba), 2-aminobenzamida (ab), 2-(dimetilaminometil)-3-hidroxipiridina (dmampy), 2-aminometilpiridina (ampy), 2-aminoetilpiridina (aepy) ou 2-(2metilaminoetil) piridina (maepy), também foi investigada. A irradiação desses complexos resulta na fotossubstituição do CN-, a qual só pode ser detectada quando o ligante possui um segundo grupo coordenante nas proximidades da esfera de coordenação. Os rendimentos quânticos da fotossubstituição são dependentes do comprimento de onda de irradiação (&#934;313= 0,13 ± 0,01; &#934;334= 0,091 ± 0,001; &#934;365= 0,056 ± 0,002; &#934;404= 0,022 ± 0,002; &#934;436= 0,015 ± 0,001, por exemplo, para NN = aba) e indicam a existência de canais distintos pelos quais a fotorreação ocorre ou as diferentes eficiências de cruzamento intersistema para a população do estado excitado reativo. A eficiência do fotoprocesso também depende do Iigante utilizado (&#955;irr= 365 nm: &#934;aba= 0,056, &#934;ab= 0,14, &#934;ampy= 0,046, &#934;aepy= 0,066, &#934;maepy= 0,069 e &#934;dmampy= 0,12). Na série das diaminas, o rendimento quântico é maior para [Fe(CN)5(ab)]3-, que possui dois sítios para ocorrer o fechamento do anel. Na série das aminopiridinas, observa-se a influência do comprimento da cadeia na eficiência do fechamento do anel. A presença de metilas ligadas ao nitrogênio alifático deve ter pouca ou nenhuma influência na eficiência do fotoprocesso. / The photochemical and/or photophysical properties of some coordination compounds of rhenium(l) and iron(II) were investigated. Photolyses of the fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-L)+ complexes, NN = 4,7-diphenyl-1, 10- phenanthroline (ph2phen) or 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Clphen), and L = 1,2-bis(4pyridyl) ethylene (bpe) or 4-styrylpyridine (stpy) in acetonitrile or in poly(methylmethacrilate) (PMMA) films led to spectral changes due to the trans-cis photoisomerization process of the coordinated ligand. Determination of quantum yields for the photoreaction from absorption spectral changes resulted in apparent values once the reactant and the photoproduct absorb in the same region. For the true quantum yields determination, &#934;true, the 1H NMR spectroscopy was employed since the signals of the photoproduct and the reactant are observed in distinct regions with different coupling constants. The &#934;true determined for fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-bpe)+ (ph2phen: &#934;313= 0.43 ± 0.03; &#934;365= 0.44 ± 0.02; &#934;404= 0.43 ± 0.02; Clphen: &#934;313= 0.56 ± 0.03; &#934;365= 0.55 ± 0.04; &#404= 0.57 ± 0.06) are independent on the irradiation wavelength indicating only one pathway for the 3ILtrans-bpe excited state population. On the other hand, for fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-stpy)+ the &#934;true under 404 nm irradiation are lower than those determined for the others irradiation wavelengths (ph2phen: &#934;313= 0.58 ± 0.04; &#934;365= 0.64 ± 0.09; &#934;404 =0.42 ± 0.04; Clphen: &#934;313= 0.54 ± 0.02; &#934;365= 0.58 ± 0.03; &#934;404= 0.42 ± 0.06) which indicate that at higher energies, where the ligand absorbs significantly, there is another pathway that contributes to the 3ILtrans-stpy excited state population. The photoprocess efficiency was evaluated by changing the NN and/or L Iigands, and the differences between the &#934;true can be rationalized mainly in terms of distinct intersystem crossing efficiencies.The photoprocess changes the photophysical properties of these complexes. While the trans isomers exhibit week or no emission at 298 K, the photoproducts, fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(cis-L)]+, exhibit intense emission driven by 3MLCTRe&#8594;NN excited state, which is sensitive to the medium rigidity. The photochemical reactivity of pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes [Fe(CN)5(NN)]3-, NN = 2-aminobenzilamine (aba), 2-aminobenzamide (ab), 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3hydroxypyridine (dmampy), 2-amonomethylpyridine (ampy), 2-aminoethylpyridine (aepy), or 2-(2-methylaminoethyl)pyridine (maepy), were also investigated. Irradiation of these complexes results in the CN- photosubstitution which is detected only when the ligand has an additional coordinating group available near the coordination sphere. The photosubstitution quantum yields are dependent on the irradiation wavelength (&#934;313= 0.13 ± 0.01; &#934;334= 0.091 ± 0.001; &#934;365= 0.056 ± 0.002; &#934;404= 0.022 ± 0.002; &#934;436= 0.015 ± 0.001 for NN = aba), indicating the existence of distinct pathways in which the photoreaction takes place or the distinct population of the reactive excited state due to different intersystem crossing efficiencies. The efficiency of the photoprocess is also dependent on the Iigand (&#955;Irr= 365 nm: &#934;aba= 0.056, &#934;ab= 0.14, &#934;ampy= 0.046, &#934;aepy= 0.066, &#934;maepy= 0.069 e &#934;dmampy= 0.12). For the diamines complexes, the higher quantum yield is observed for [Fe(CN)5(ab)]3-, which exhibit two sites to occur the ring closure. For the aminopiridines, it is óbserved the importance of the chain length on the closure ring efficiency. And that the presence of methyl groups attached to the nitrogen has week or no influence on the photoprocess efficiency.

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