The thesis start from general introduction to globalization but its focus is on the following areas: global buying of company inputs (sourcing), expanding on the foreign/global markets (output) and managing the risks associated with globalization (increased competition, foreign currency and raw material/inputs hedge). Overall the thesis is practical in its approach and thus it provides the real applicable approaches in terms of the management in the global economy. Despite these practicalities the thesis also aims at analyzing the more general business environment for global activities of a firm. This is realized in section on economic assessment of the market and evaluation of foreign currency fundamentals.

The thesis start from general introduction to globalization but its focus is on the following areas: global buying of company inputs (sourcing), expanding on the foreign/global markets (output) and managing the risks associated with globalization (increased competition, foreign currency and raw material/inputs hedge). Overall the thesis is practical in its approach and thus it provides the real applicable approaches in terms of the management in the global economy. Despite these practicalities the thesis also aims at analyzing the more general business environment for global activities of a firm. This is realized in section on economic assessment of the market and evaluation of foreign currency fundamentals.

Environmental risks represent a threat which when realised encompasses grave ramifications for the environment. The subjects of this master thesis are insurance policies for environmental risks that are one of compulsory insurance products and by virtue of their implementation work as environmental protection measures.The first part of the thesis elaborates on reasons behind environmental protection efforts and names the instruments employed in the process. The second part is focused on the European directive 2004/35/ES which had been passed to address the declining quality of the environment; and further examines the measures passed in the Czech and Slovak republic as the result of implementation of the directive. The third part describes all kinds of compulsory insurance that can be used by the polluters.The fourth part of the thesis is focused directly on the environmental risks and available insurance policies. The last part analyses the Czech and Slovak markets and compares insurance providers and their respective products.

The thesis describes economical and political situation in the foreign markets that are significant to Ukrainian steel producers. As an example of Ukranian steel maker I have introduced the enterprise JSC "Zaporizhstal" which is a steel giant of Ukraine. Th thesis desribes the plant, its development, its competitive advantages, its product portfolio and the quality of metal products produced. The paper also discusses some of the main problems of Ukrainian steel makers and the suggestions for further improvements. In the main part the thesis analyses the export markets of "Zaporizhstal" such countries as Russia, China and Turkey. It discusses the development of their steel-consuming industries such as machinery industry, and construction sector and shows all the benefits and risks that are associated with the export to those markets.

The market consensus during the financial crisis was that financial sector CEOs were engaged in excessive risk taking induced by compensation practices. Thus, the primary focus of this paper is to determine whether empirical evidence supports this assertion. As such, I examine bank CEO compensation, bank risks, and the relation between bank CEO risk taking incentives and bank risks and the effect of the 2007/9 financial crisis on this relation. I find that banks on average reduced their exposure to credit, capital, total, and unsystematic risks, and increased their exposure to liquidity, portfolio, off-balance sheet and (accounting) foreign exchange risks, from 2003 to 2006. These trends largely reversed during 2007 to 2009. During the 2007/9 financial crisis, banks experienced significant structural shifts in all risk indicators (except for capital and foreign exchange risks) which increased significantly consequent on the economic downturn. I also find that banks remained highly sensitive to changes in short- and long-term interest rates and foreign exchanges rates throughout the period. My findings also support a bank size effect. I observe consistent real growth in CEO base salary annually, from 2003 to 2009, which suggests that there is resilience in this form of compensation to the financial crisis. However, only small banks paid significantly higher base salary during the financial crisis to offset the similar decline in annual bonus payments caused by deteriorating financial and market performances during that time. I find that CEO portfolio option values were more responsive to changes in total risk during the pre-financial crisis period (2003 to 2006) than during the financial crisis (2007 to 2009). Also, I find evidence of banks size effects in compensation components, compensation structure and compensation sensitivity. My results are robust to other sample formations and statistical indicators. After adjusting for the simultaneity bias between bank CEOs' risk taking incentives (measured by the sensitivity of CEO option portfolio and pay for performance sensitivity) and bank risks (using accounting and market based measures), my findings reveal significant shifts in the relation between compensation and bank risks during the financial crisis. Specifically, during the financial crisis, CEOs with more sensitive pay for performance were related to banks with greater capital risk, and banks with higher portfolio risk had CEOs with more sensitive pay for performance. Also, banks with greater total and unsystematic risks during the financial crisis had CEOs with less risk taking incentives. Other indicators during the financial crisis show that less stable banks had CEOs with less risk taking incentives, while banks with greater asset return risk had CEOs with less sensitive option portfolios. Overall, these results do not support the risk inducing incentives of bank CEO compensation especially during the financial crisis.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Auditing / unrestricted

Software engineers need to anticipate unintended consequences, including negative impacts on society, individuals, and the environment. Even developers with the best of intentions can walk into ethical traps. This article includes four suggestions for software engineers during system development to help recognize these traps: (1) Look for humans values in technical decisions. (2) Identify stakeholdersgroups and individuals likely to be affected by the system. (3) Examine how the system will affect the stakeholders' rights and obligations. (4) Review relevant professional standards.

The new 5G technology, next generation of telecommunication and mobile network, is all around the world in course of inspection and inquiry for its astonishing novelty, from new services to functions and scalability. However, every technology brings alongside new possibilities and new threats scenarios, especially in this case where the impact on the present network is promised to be massive, with brand new features allowed by 5G, like Internet of Things, widespread virtualization and huge leap forward in rapidity and capability of the mobile transmission. An increase in the network surface, considered as more connections, more devices connected and more traffic load of data, will expand also the possible entry point and fault exploitable by a malevolent actor, raising common concern about the technology. The deployment of such a technology on European soil, especially in some states of the Union, caused uproar and critics primarily in the security field. Following a global trend, but also leading a best practice approach, the EU developed a series of mechanisms and agencies that are challenged to oversees the gradual shift from old 4G LTE to 5G. In this paper a Critical Information Infrastructure Protection (CIIP) framework is used to analyse the criticalities of the new technology. Definition of...

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