Orientador: Maria Rita de Camargo Donalisio Cordeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T12:22:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arca_CarlosHenriqueMamud_M.pdf: 1498465 bytes, checksum: 064c200d1dd6b96e35ec6db322d7e8c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Pneumonia Adquirida na Comunidade (PAC) é aquela que acomete o paciente fora do ambiente hospitalar ou que surge nas primeiras 48 horas da internação. A pneumonia é uma doença grave associada a significativa morbidade e mortalidade em adultos e sua taxa de mortalidade hospitalar vem crescendo, apesar dos avanços dos meios diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Neste contexto, o estabelecimento das características clínicas e microbiológicas da PAC, numa determinada região, pode trazer melhorias no seu manejo com impacto econômico e social. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores de risco relacionados com o óbito e a evolução clínica da PAC, considerando-se o seu perfil microbiológico, sua relação com antecedentes epidemiológicos, vacinais e variáveis clínicas. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo prospectivo dos casos de PAC (61) em indivíduos maiores de 14 anos admitidos no Hospital Estadual Sumaré (HES), referência para atendimento hospitalar da microrregião de Sumaré, SP, no período de outubro de 2005 a setembro de 2007. Foi ajustado modelo de regressão logística múltipla, tendo-se como variável dependente evolução desfavorável, isto é, aqueles com internação maior que 10 dias, necessidade de internação em UTI ou óbitos. Não houve associação entre sexo, tabagismo, etilismo, passado vacinal ou presença de comorbidades com a evolução desfavorável do caso. Mudança de antibioticoterapia (RR = 2,22; IC 95%: 1,32 - 3,72), necessidade de fisioterapia respiratória (RR = 2,42; IC 95%: 1,21 - 4,87) e utilização de oxigenioterapia (RR = 2,40; IC 95%: 1,45 - 3,99) apresentaram associação com caso grave. Valores alterados de creatinina (p=0,05) e albumina (p=0,01) séricas foram identificados como fatores de risco relacionados com evolução desfavorável. A etiologia foi definida em 57,4% dos casos. O Streptococcus pneumoniae (19,7%) foi o agente de maior expressividade seguido da Chlamydophila pneumoniae (16,4%). Receberam alta hospitalar por cura, 80,3% dos pacientes e foram registrados três óbitos (4,9%). Embora a casuística deste estudo seja limitada, os achados demonstraram que o perfil microbiológico local reflete os apontados na literatura, e permitiram identificar a creatinina sérica e a albumina sérica como fatores de risco, possivelmente relacionados com evolução desfavorável da PAC na população estudada / Abstract: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is the one which is contracted by the patient outside hospital environment or manifests itself in the first 48 hours after first being admitted in the facility. Pneumonia is a severe disease associated with high mortality and morbidity ratings in adults and these ratings have been increasing despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. In this context, establishing the clinic and microbiologic characteristics of CAP, in a certain region, may result in advancements in the handling of its economical and social impact. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors related to death in CAP¿s clinical evolution, to study its microbiologic factors, its epidemiologic and vaccination background and clinical variables, besides the cases evolution. A descriptive prospective study of CAP¿s cases (61) was conducted in individuals with more than 14 years of age, admitted in the Hospital Estadual de Sumaré (HES), a reference in hospital treatment in Sumaré¿s micro region, SP, from October 2005 to September 2007. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted, having as dependent variable unfavorable evolution (cases in which the hospitalization period was greater than 10 days or resulted in death). There was no association between gender, smoking, drinking, vaccination background or presence of comorbities in the unfavorable outcome of the cases. Changes in the antibiotic therapy (RR = 2.22; IC 95%: 1.32 ¿ 3.72), necessity of respiratory physiotherapy (RR = 2.42; IC 95%: 1.21 ¿ 4.87) and oxygen therapy (RR = 2.40; IC 95%: 1.45 ¿ 3.99) presented association with severe cases. The etiology was defined in 57.4% of the cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae (19.7%) was the agent with the highest expressiveness, followed by Chlamydophila pneumoniae (16.4%). The percentage of patients discharged after being cured was 80.3 % and three deaths were registered (4.9%). Although this study¿s casuistry was limited, the findings demonstrated that the local microbiologic profile reflects those in medical literature, and allowed the identification of blood creatinine (p=0.05) and albumin (p=0.01) as risk factors related to unfavorable evolution in CAP concerning the studied population / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

The thesis start from general introduction to globalization but its focus is on the following areas: global buying of company inputs (sourcing), expanding on the foreign/global markets (output) and managing the risks associated with globalization (increased competition, foreign currency and raw material/inputs hedge). Overall the thesis is practical in its approach and thus it provides the real applicable approaches in terms of the management in the global economy. Despite these practicalities the thesis also aims at analyzing the more general business environment for global activities of a firm. This is realized in section on economic assessment of the market and evaluation of foreign currency fundamentals.

The thesis start from general introduction to globalization but its focus is on the following areas: global buying of company inputs (sourcing), expanding on the foreign/global markets (output) and managing the risks associated with globalization (increased competition, foreign currency and raw material/inputs hedge). Overall the thesis is practical in its approach and thus it provides the real applicable approaches in terms of the management in the global economy. Despite these practicalities the thesis also aims at analyzing the more general business environment for global activities of a firm. This is realized in section on economic assessment of the market and evaluation of foreign currency fundamentals.

Environmental risks represent a threat which when realised encompasses grave ramifications for the environment. The subjects of this master thesis are insurance policies for environmental risks that are one of compulsory insurance products and by virtue of their implementation work as environmental protection measures.The first part of the thesis elaborates on reasons behind environmental protection efforts and names the instruments employed in the process. The second part is focused on the European directive 2004/35/ES which had been passed to address the declining quality of the environment; and further examines the measures passed in the Czech and Slovak republic as the result of implementation of the directive. The third part describes all kinds of compulsory insurance that can be used by the polluters.The fourth part of the thesis is focused directly on the environmental risks and available insurance policies. The last part analyses the Czech and Slovak markets and compares insurance providers and their respective products.

The thesis describes economical and political situation in the foreign markets that are significant to Ukrainian steel producers. As an example of Ukranian steel maker I have introduced the enterprise JSC "Zaporizhstal" which is a steel giant of Ukraine. Th thesis desribes the plant, its development, its competitive advantages, its product portfolio and the quality of metal products produced. The paper also discusses some of the main problems of Ukrainian steel makers and the suggestions for further improvements. In the main part the thesis analyses the export markets of "Zaporizhstal" such countries as Russia, China and Turkey. It discusses the development of their steel-consuming industries such as machinery industry, and construction sector and shows all the benefits and risks that are associated with the export to those markets.

The market consensus during the financial crisis was that financial sector CEOs were engaged in excessive risk taking induced by compensation practices. Thus, the primary focus of this paper is to determine whether empirical evidence supports this assertion. As such, I examine bank CEO compensation, bank risks, and the relation between bank CEO risk taking incentives and bank risks and the effect of the 2007/9 financial crisis on this relation. I find that banks on average reduced their exposure to credit, capital, total, and unsystematic risks, and increased their exposure to liquidity, portfolio, off-balance sheet and (accounting) foreign exchange risks, from 2003 to 2006. These trends largely reversed during 2007 to 2009. During the 2007/9 financial crisis, banks experienced significant structural shifts in all risk indicators (except for capital and foreign exchange risks) which increased significantly consequent on the economic downturn. I also find that banks remained highly sensitive to changes in short- and long-term interest rates and foreign exchanges rates throughout the period. My findings also support a bank size effect. I observe consistent real growth in CEO base salary annually, from 2003 to 2009, which suggests that there is resilience in this form of compensation to the financial crisis. However, only small banks paid significantly higher base salary during the financial crisis to offset the similar decline in annual bonus payments caused by deteriorating financial and market performances during that time. I find that CEO portfolio option values were more responsive to changes in total risk during the pre-financial crisis period (2003 to 2006) than during the financial crisis (2007 to 2009). Also, I find evidence of banks size effects in compensation components, compensation structure and compensation sensitivity. My results are robust to other sample formations and statistical indicators. After adjusting for the simultaneity bias between bank CEOs' risk taking incentives (measured by the sensitivity of CEO option portfolio and pay for performance sensitivity) and bank risks (using accounting and market based measures), my findings reveal significant shifts in the relation between compensation and bank risks during the financial crisis. Specifically, during the financial crisis, CEOs with more sensitive pay for performance were related to banks with greater capital risk, and banks with higher portfolio risk had CEOs with more sensitive pay for performance. Also, banks with greater total and unsystematic risks during the financial crisis had CEOs with less risk taking incentives. Other indicators during the financial crisis show that less stable banks had CEOs with less risk taking incentives, while banks with greater asset return risk had CEOs with less sensitive option portfolios. Overall, these results do not support the risk inducing incentives of bank CEO compensation especially during the financial crisis.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Auditing / unrestricted

Software engineers need to anticipate unintended consequences, including negative impacts on society, individuals, and the environment. Even developers with the best of intentions can walk into ethical traps. This article includes four suggestions for software engineers during system development to help recognize these traps: (1) Look for humans values in technical decisions. (2) Identify stakeholdersgroups and individuals likely to be affected by the system. (3) Examine how the system will affect the stakeholders' rights and obligations. (4) Review relevant professional standards.

The new 5G technology, next generation of telecommunication and mobile network, is all around the world in course of inspection and inquiry for its astonishing novelty, from new services to functions and scalability. However, every technology brings alongside new possibilities and new threats scenarios, especially in this case where the impact on the present network is promised to be massive, with brand new features allowed by 5G, like Internet of Things, widespread virtualization and huge leap forward in rapidity and capability of the mobile transmission. An increase in the network surface, considered as more connections, more devices connected and more traffic load of data, will expand also the possible entry point and fault exploitable by a malevolent actor, raising common concern about the technology. The deployment of such a technology on European soil, especially in some states of the Union, caused uproar and critics primarily in the security field. Following a global trend, but also leading a best practice approach, the EU developed a series of mechanisms and agencies that are challenged to oversees the gradual shift from old 4G LTE to 5G. In this paper a Critical Information Infrastructure Protection (CIIP) framework is used to analyse the criticalities of the new technology. Definition of...

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