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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Aluminium alloys ability to catalyse the oxidation of biodiesel : Development of a procedure to test alloys

Khudur, Ivan January 2017 (has links)
Biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable fuel that has the possibility to replace conventional diesel fuel and reduce the environmental pollution. Despite its environmental benefits, it has been shown to cause damage to the vehicle engines, due to its oxidative properties. Different metals, such as copper, zinc and aluminium are present in the vehicle fuel system and have been shown to catalyse the oxidation of biodiesel. Several studies have been performed to investigate the interaction between these metals and fuel. However, some reports concluded contradicting results when it comes to the oxidation of biodiesel in contact with aluminium alloys. This project aimed therefore to investigate and create a simple method for comparing the catalytic effect on oxidation for metals, and use this method to evaluate the degradation rate of biodiesel in contact with aluminium alloys. Different heating methods and coating materials were tested using the biodiesel RME to develop the testing procedure. When a test procedure was established, three filter houses made from cast aluminium alloy and three aluminium ingots with different amount of copper were immersed in RME and the stability was evaluated. The results showed that using an oven at 80 °C to investigate the stability provided the most repeatable results, and the spray paint Auto K billack spray Universal appeared to be compatible to use with RME. The inner untreated surface of the fuel filter houses did not seem to increase the oxidation rate of biodiesel. Aluminium alloys with higher copper content degraded RME more than aluminium alloys with little/no copper, if the surface had been treated mechanically, but not to a large extent. This concludes that aluminium alloys may reduce the stability of biodiesel if it contains much copper and if the surface of the alloy has been treated. However, the detected reduction on oxidation stability could depend on other factors, and therefore it is recommended to conduct further experiments on test the aluminium alloys. / Biodiesel är ett förnybart och biologiskt nedbrytbart bränsle som har möjligheten att ersätta konventionell diesel och minska föroreningen av miljön. Trots dess fördelar så har det visats att bränslet skadar motorerna i fordon, vilket beror på dess oxidativa egenskaper. Olika metaller, såsom koppar, zink och aluminium förekommer i fordons bränslesystem, och dessa har påvisats katalysera oxidationen av biodiesel. Flera studier har genomförts där interaktionen mellan de tidigare nämnda metallerna och biodiesel har undersökts. En del av dessa studier har fått motsägelsefulla resultat när det kommer till interaktionen mellan aluminium legeringar ochbiodiesel. Detta projekt har därför haft som syfte att ta fram en enkelt metod att jämföra metallers katalystiska effekt på biodieslets oxidations stabilitet, samt använda denna metod för att bedöma nedbrytningen av biodiesel i kontakt med aluminium legeringar. Olika uppvärmningsmetoder och täckningsmaterial undersöktes med hjälp av biodiesel gjord på rapsolja, RME, för att ta fram mätmetoden. När ett tillvägagångssätt hade fastlagts, så sänktes bitar av tre olika bränslefilterhus tillverkade av aluminium legeringar, och tre olika aluminium tackor med olika kopparhalter i RME och bränslets stabilitet mättes. Användning av ugn vid 80 °C för att testa biodieslets oxidations stabilitet gav de mest upprepbara resultaten, och sprejfärgen Auto K billack spray Universal var mest kompatibel att använda som täckningsmaterial. Den inre, obehandlade ytan av bränslefilterhusen visade sig inte påverka oxidations stabiliteten på biodieslet. Aluminijm legeringar med en högre koppar halt bröt ned RME lite mer än aluminium legeringar med lite/ingen koppas, men endast om ytan hade blivit mekaniskt behandlad. Detta ger slutsatsen att aluminium legeringar kan minska biodieslets stabilitet om det innehåller mycket koppar och om legeringens yta har blivit behandlad. Däremot så kan den reduktionen av oxidations stabiliteten bero på andra faktorer och det rekommenderas därför att genomföra fler experiment med aluminum legeringar och biodiesel.
22

Optimala biodrivmedel för inblandning i diesel : En jämförelse mellan tre biodrivmedel / Optimal biofuels for mixing in to diesel : A comparison between three biofuels

Blomqvist, Camilla, Zingmark, Natalie January 2019 (has links)
2018 beslutade Sveriges regering att införa en reduktionsplikt som ämnar att reducera växthusgasutsläpp inom transportsektorn och därmed öka användningen av biodrivmedel. Bränsleleverantörer i Sverige har genom reduktionsplikten en skyldighet att blanda in förnyelsebart drivmedel i fossila bränslen. För diesel ska motsvarande 20 procent växthusgaser reduceras med hjälp av inblandning av biobränsle fram till 2020 och från 2021 och framåt ska 21 procent växthusgasemissioner reduceras varje år. Målet om en fossilfri fordonsflotta 2030 förväntas därför uppnås successivt år för år genom detta initiativ. Problematiken är dock att det idag inte finns tillräckliga mängder av biodiesel för att kunna ersätta fossilt diesel till den nivå som plikten ställer krav på. Det krävs därför forskning, innovationer och investeringar för att kunna möjliggöra en expandering av biodieselproduktionen så att behovet av biodrivmedel kan mötas. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka vilket biodiesel som är mest optimalt för inblandning i diesel utifrån tillgång, kostnad och miljöpåverkan. Målet är en fossilfri och miljömässigt hållbar transportsektor och för att undersöka vilket biodiesel som presterar bäst har en litteraturstudie genomförts på drivmedlen HVO (hydrerad vegetabilisk olja), FAME (fettsyrametylester) i form av RME (rapsmetylester) och FT-diesel (Fischer Tropsch-diesel) i form av BTL (biogas i flytande form). Sedan har en multikriterieanalys (MKA) följt av en känslighetsanalys implementerats för att jämföra de tre alternativen mot varandra på ett flertal, av författarna utvalda, kriterier. Resultatet visade att HVO genererade högst medelvärde vilket antas vara det mest optimala. I känslighetsanalysen som genomfördes för att testa resultatets osäkerheter och sensitivitet mot hypotetiska förändringar, presterade HVO och FT-diesel bäst. RME presterade sämst i multikriterieanalysen och känslighetsanalysen, vilket innebär att den inte lämpar sig för att användas i större grad än det görs idag. Den kritik som riktar sig mot verktyget MKA innefattar oftast att resultatet innehar en viss typ av subjektivitet sådant att poängen som tilldelas påverkas av författarnas kunskaper och erfarenheter. En av anledningarna till att känslighetsanalys genomförs är för att försöka eliminera denna osäkerhet. De parametrar som har störst inverkan på resultatet och som författarna anser ha mest påverkan på den framtida utvecklingen är tillgången på råvaror, produktionskostnaden samt hur mycket som produceras av varje drivmedel årligen. Slutsatsen är att HVO är mest optimalt för inblandning i diesel idag, men står inför utmaningen att finna alternativa råvaror då restprodukter som HVO produceras av finns i begränsad mängd. BTL skulle vara en stark kandidat om det gjordes investeringar så att det skulle bli tillgängligt på den kommersiella marknaden. RME har många brister och lämpar sig inte för expandering, ett beslut som EU redan tagit och som denna rapport styrker. / In 2018, the Swedish government decided to impose an obligation of reduction that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector and thereby increase the use of biofuels in our society. Fuel suppliers in Sweden have through this obligation of reduction a responsibility to mix renewable fuels into fossil fuels. For diesel an equivalent of 20 percent of greenhouse gases must be reduced by mixing in biofuel until 2020 and from 2021 onwards, 21 percent greenhouse gases will be reduced each year. The goal of a fossil-free transportation sector in year 2030 is therefore expected to be achieved successively year by year through this initiative. The problem, however, is that there are not an enough amount of biodiesel today to be able to replace fossil diesel to the level required by the obligation. Therefore research, innovations and investments are required to enable the expansion of the biodiesel production so that the need for biofuels can be met. The purpose of this report is to investigate which biodiesel is the most optimal for mixing in to diesel based on supply, cost and environmental impact. The goal is a fossil-free and environmentally sustainable transport sector and to perform this investigation of which biodiesel performs the best, a literature study has been conductedon the fuels HVO (hydrogenated vegetable oil), FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) in the form of RME(rapeseed methyl ester) and FT-diesel (Fischer Tropsch diesel) in the form of BTL (biogas to liquid).Then, a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) followed by a sensitivity analysis has been implemented to compare the three alternatives against each other in a number of criteria selected by the authors of this report. The result showed that the fuel HVO generated the highest average value from the MCA, which is as sumed to be the most optimal. In the sensitivity analysis conducted to test the results uncertainties and sensitivity to hypothetical changes in the future, HVO and FT diesel performed best. RME performed poor in the multi-criterion analysis and the sensitivity analysis, which means that it is not suitable for use to a greater extent than it is today. The criticism that is directed at the tool MCA usually involves the result having a certain type of subjectivity such that the points awarded are influenced by the authors' knowledge and experiences. One of the reasons why sensitivity analysis is carried out is to try to eliminate this uncertainty that the subjectivity brings. The parameters that have the greatest impact on the result and which the authors consider to have the greatest impact on the future development are the availability of raw materials, the production cost and how much is produced by each fuel annually. The conclusion is that HVO is most optimal for mixing in in dieseltoday, but is faced with the challenge of finding alternative raw materials since decay products that HVO are produced from occur in a limited amount. BTL would be a strong candidate to being the most optimal for blending in if investments were made so that it would be available on the commercial market. RME has many short comings and is not suitable for expansion, a decision that the EU has already taken and which this report validate.
23

A Retrospective Study of Marginal Alveolar Bone Changes after Rapid MaxillaryExpansion

Hutta, Victoria Leigh January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
24

Pollutant advective spreading in beach sand exposed to high-energy tides

Itugha, O.D., Chen, D., Guo, Yakun 13 August 2016 (has links)
yes / This paper presents field measurements in which dye solute was injected into coastal sand to investigate contaminant advection in intertidal beach sand. The measurements show the pathways of a contaminated plume in the unsaturated zone during both the flood and ebb tides. A prescribed amount of dye tracer solution was directly injected through the topsoil, with average porosity 0.3521±0.01, at predetermined locations of the River Mersey’s outer estuarial beach during ebb-tide. The injected dye was monitored, sampled and photographed over several tidal cycles. The distinctive features of the plume (full two dimensional cross-sections), sediments and water-table depth were sampled in-situ, close to the injection point (differing from previous contaminant monitoring tests in aquifers). The advective movement is attributed to tidal impact which is different from contaminant transport in aquifers. The experimental results show that plumes have significantly large spatial variability, diverging upwards and converging downwards, with a conical geometric shape which is different from the usual spherical/elliptical shape reported in literature. The mean vertical motion of the plume reaches three times the top-width within ten tidal cycles, exceeding the narrow bottom-width by a factor of order 2. The observed transport features of the plume within the beach sand have significant relevance to saltwater intrusion, surface water and groundwater quality. The field observations are unique and can serve as a valuable benchmark database for relevant numerical studies. / China Ministry of Science and Technology 973 program (2014CB745001), Special Program of future development in Shenzhen (201411201645511650) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Dynamic and Environment(ZDSY20130402163735964).
25

Prescrito e o vivido: estudo da política de ampliação da jornada escolar em escolas de tempo integral da rede municipal de educação de Goiânia / The prescribed and lived: study on the policy of expanding the school day in full-time schools of municipal education of Goiânia

Gomes, Marcilene Pelegrine 13 October 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-22T11:18:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcilene Pelegrine Gomes - 2016.pdf: 5769789 bytes, checksum: fac5c08c40cf248e51b90e35f3ae542c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-12-27T13:08:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcilene Pelegrine Gomes - 2016.pdf: 5769789 bytes, checksum: fac5c08c40cf248e51b90e35f3ae542c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-27T13:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcilene Pelegrine Gomes - 2016.pdf: 5769789 bytes, checksum: fac5c08c40cf248e51b90e35f3ae542c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-13 / This thesis is linked to the line research State, Policies and History of Education of the Program of Post-graduation in Education of the Faculty of Education of the Federal University of Goiás (PPGE/FE/UFG). The study object is the extended school time policy in the Full Time Schools (EMTI) of the Municipal Secretary of Education of Goiânia (SME). The general objective is to investigate the effectiveness of this policy by the analysis of the financial, administrative and pedagogical capacity of the educational system to guarantee the material and human conditions for the quality of the teaching and learning process in Full Time Schools. This is a case study carried out with the first five (05) schools that implemented the EMTI in the Municipal Education System in 2015. The procedures used in this research were documental, bibliographic and field research. The main analyses consisted on the following areas: the financing, the school infrastructure, the development of the teaching process and the school management conditions. Based on quantitative and qualitative and objective and subjective data, the investigation is epistemologically supported by the studies of Amaral (2012), Brasil (2006, 2009a, 2010a, 2010b), Carreira and Pinto (2007), Dourado, Santos and Oliveira (2007), Dourado and Oliveira (2009), Fineduca (2013) Oliveira and Araújo (2005), Oliveira (2007), Pinto (2014, 2015), Souza, Gouveia and Scheneider (2011), Scheneider (2012) and Barra et al. (2015). In the development of the exhibition registers, through data and analysis, in municipal policy falls within the set of policies for basic education in Brazil implemented over the last two decades with centrality in the expansion of the school day in order to ensure improvement in student academic performance and, at the same time, offer a full-time care for children in situations of social vulnerability. It is stated as a thesis that material and human conditions, objective and subjective, municipal policy implementation in the five in outline stresses and contradictions present in municipal law, in speeches and in everyday school officials who, in turn, show limits, challenges and possibilities for the effectiveness of the proposal on RME de Goiânia as State public policy. / Esta tese inscreve-se na linha de pesquisa Estado, Políticas e História da Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás (PPGE/FE/UFG). Tem como objeto de pesquisa a política da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Goiânia (SME) para ampliação da jornada escolar em Escolas Municipais de Tempo Integral (EMTI). Seu objetivo geral consiste em investigar a efetividade desta política mediante a análise da capacidade financeira, administrativa e pedagógica que o sistema de educação apresenta para garantir as condições materiais e humanas para a qualidade do processo de ensino e aprendizagem em escolas de tempo integral. A pesquisa configura-se em um estudo de caso, desenvolvido no ano de 2015, em cinco (05) escolas, as primeiras experiências de EMTI da Rede Municipal de Educação (RME), e fundamenta-se nos procedimentos próprios das pesquisas documental, bibliográfica e de campo, tendo como principais eixos de análise: as condições de financiamento, as condições de infraestrutura da escola, as condições para o exercício da docência e as condições de gestão da escola. Esses eixos, constituídos por variáveis quantificáveis e não quantificáveis, objetivas e subjetivas, sustentam-se epistemologicamente, principalmente, nos estudos de Amaral (2012), Brasil (2006a, 2009a, 2010a, 2010b), Carreira e Pinto (2007), Dourado, Santos e Oliveira (2007), Dourado e Oliveira (2009), Fineduca (2013) Oliveira e Araújo (2005), Oliveira (2007), Pinto (2014, 2015), Souza, Gouveia e Scheneider (2011), Scheneider (2012) e Barra et al. (2015). No desenvolvimento da exposição registra-se, por meio de dados e análises, que a política municipal de EMTI se insere no conjunto das políticas para o ensino fundamental no Brasil implementadas nas últimas duas décadas com centralidade na ampliação da jornada escolar, tendo em vista assegurar a melhoria no desempenho escolar discente e, concomitantemente, oferecer um atendimento em tempo integral a crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Afirma-se como tese que as condições materiais e humanas, objetivas e subjetivas, de implementação da política municipal nas cinco EMTI explicitam tensionamentos e contradições presentes na legislação municipal, nos discursos oficiais e no cotidiano escolar que, por sua vez, evidenciam limites, desafios e possibilidades para a efetividade da proposta na RME de Goiânia como política pública de Estado.
26

Undersökning av avgasemissioner till vatten från dieselinombordsmotorer i fritidsbåtar : En jämförande studie av olika bränslen

Östman, Ninnie January 2006 (has links)
<p>In this Masters Thesis emissions to water from diesel engines in pleasure boats when driven with alternative fuels have been investigated. Two alternative fuels, Fischer-Tropsch-diesel (FT-diesel) and a blend of FT-diesel and rapeseed methyl ester (RME) have been compared with diesel of Swedish environmental class 1 (diesel EC1). The alternative fuels have been compared using two older marine diesel engines, and water samples have been taken from the water in the exhaust system before the exhaust compounds reaches the recipient. The water samples have been analysed with gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), to analyse volatile and semi volatile compounds including aldehydes and ketons. To investigate the acute toxicity of the exhaust water a 24 h ecotoxicological test was preformed with the crustacean Artemia fransiscana.</p><p>The results showed considerable differences in emissions of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated benzenes. From diesel EC1, the amounts of PAHs and alkylated benzenes were significantly higher than from pure FT-diesel and FT-diesel containing 20 % of RME. Pure FT-diesel generated the lowest amounts of PAH and alkylated benzenes. The FT-diesel containing 20 % RME generated higher amounts of benzene than diesel EC1. FT-diesel and FT-diesel with a 20 % blend of RME generated the same amount of acetone, which in turn was higher than the concentration of acetone in the exhaust water, using diesel EC1. Based on the analysis, FT-diesel is the best alternative from an exhaust emission point-of-view, concerning both the amounts and the difference in chemical composition of the combustion products released into the water.</p><p>The ecotoxicological test showed no effect on the test organism using either of the samples.</p> / <p>Fritidsbåtsintresset är stort i Sverige och båtlivet betyder mycket för många svenskar. Tyvärr är användningen av fritidsbåtar förknippad med en rad miljöproblem. Avgasutsläpp till vatten och luft från fritidsbåtsmotorer påverkar den lokala miljön avsevärt. Gammal teknik med dålig förbränning används fortfarande i stor utsträckning. På kort sikt, innan den gamla tekniken är utbytt, är det viktigt att den äldre motorparken använder miljöanpassade bränslen för att utsläppen till sjöar och hav ska bli så skonsamma som möjligt. Det är dock viktigt att utvärdera miljöpåverkan av dessa alternativa bränslen, så att det verkligen är ett bättre alternativ ur miljösynpunkt.</p><p>I detta examensarbete har utsläpp till vatten från dieselinombordsmotorer vid drift med olika bränslen undersökts. Två miljöanpassade dieselbränslen; FT-diesel (Fischer-Tropsch) och en procentinblandning av rapsmetylester (RME) i FT-diesel, har jämförts med diesel av svensk miljöklass 1 (MK1). Bränslena har testkörts i två äldre, marina dieselmotorer och prover har tagits på det avgasblandade kylvattnet innan det når recipienten. Det avgasblandade kylvattnet har analyserats med avseende på delvis flyktiga och flyktiga föreningar, aldehyder samt ketoner. Analyserna har skett med gaskromatografi och masspektormetri (GC/MS-screening) på externt laboratorium. För att testa avgasvattnets akuta giftighet har även ett akut (24h) ekotoxikologiskt test utförts på kräftdjuret Artemia fransiscana.</p><p>Analysresultatet visade skillnad i utsläpp av polyaromatiska kolväten (PAH) och alkylbensener. Vid körning med diesel MK1 genererades betydligt högre halter av PAH:er och alkylbensener, än vid körning med FT-diesel och FT-diesel med 20 % inblandning av RME. Ren FT-diesel gav de lägsta halterna av PAH:er och alkylbensener.</p><p>Utsläppshalterna av bensen uppvisade inte lika stor skillnad mellan de olika bränslena. Blandningen FT-diesel med 20 % RME gav lite högre halter bensen än vad diesel MK1 gjorde. Ren FT-diesel uppvisade lägst halt bensen. Utsläpp av aceton visade sig vara lika för FT-diesel och FT-diesel med 20 % RME och gav högre halter än vad diesel MK1 gjorde. Baserat på analysresultaten är FT-diesel det bästa bränslet ur emissionssynpunkt med avseende på vilka ämnen som hamnar i vattenfasen.</p><p>Det ekotoxikologiska testet visade ingen skillnad mellan de olika bränslena. Avgasvatten från bränslena hade inte någon akut toxisk effekt på testdjuret.</p>
27

Undersökning av avgasemissioner till vatten från dieselinombordsmotorer i fritidsbåtar : En jämförande studie av olika bränslen

Östman, Ninnie January 2006 (has links)
In this Masters Thesis emissions to water from diesel engines in pleasure boats when driven with alternative fuels have been investigated. Two alternative fuels, Fischer-Tropsch-diesel (FT-diesel) and a blend of FT-diesel and rapeseed methyl ester (RME) have been compared with diesel of Swedish environmental class 1 (diesel EC1). The alternative fuels have been compared using two older marine diesel engines, and water samples have been taken from the water in the exhaust system before the exhaust compounds reaches the recipient. The water samples have been analysed with gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), to analyse volatile and semi volatile compounds including aldehydes and ketons. To investigate the acute toxicity of the exhaust water a 24 h ecotoxicological test was preformed with the crustacean Artemia fransiscana. The results showed considerable differences in emissions of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated benzenes. From diesel EC1, the amounts of PAHs and alkylated benzenes were significantly higher than from pure FT-diesel and FT-diesel containing 20 % of RME. Pure FT-diesel generated the lowest amounts of PAH and alkylated benzenes. The FT-diesel containing 20 % RME generated higher amounts of benzene than diesel EC1. FT-diesel and FT-diesel with a 20 % blend of RME generated the same amount of acetone, which in turn was higher than the concentration of acetone in the exhaust water, using diesel EC1. Based on the analysis, FT-diesel is the best alternative from an exhaust emission point-of-view, concerning both the amounts and the difference in chemical composition of the combustion products released into the water. The ecotoxicological test showed no effect on the test organism using either of the samples. / Fritidsbåtsintresset är stort i Sverige och båtlivet betyder mycket för många svenskar. Tyvärr är användningen av fritidsbåtar förknippad med en rad miljöproblem. Avgasutsläpp till vatten och luft från fritidsbåtsmotorer påverkar den lokala miljön avsevärt. Gammal teknik med dålig förbränning används fortfarande i stor utsträckning. På kort sikt, innan den gamla tekniken är utbytt, är det viktigt att den äldre motorparken använder miljöanpassade bränslen för att utsläppen till sjöar och hav ska bli så skonsamma som möjligt. Det är dock viktigt att utvärdera miljöpåverkan av dessa alternativa bränslen, så att det verkligen är ett bättre alternativ ur miljösynpunkt. I detta examensarbete har utsläpp till vatten från dieselinombordsmotorer vid drift med olika bränslen undersökts. Två miljöanpassade dieselbränslen; FT-diesel (Fischer-Tropsch) och en procentinblandning av rapsmetylester (RME) i FT-diesel, har jämförts med diesel av svensk miljöklass 1 (MK1). Bränslena har testkörts i två äldre, marina dieselmotorer och prover har tagits på det avgasblandade kylvattnet innan det når recipienten. Det avgasblandade kylvattnet har analyserats med avseende på delvis flyktiga och flyktiga föreningar, aldehyder samt ketoner. Analyserna har skett med gaskromatografi och masspektormetri (GC/MS-screening) på externt laboratorium. För att testa avgasvattnets akuta giftighet har även ett akut (24h) ekotoxikologiskt test utförts på kräftdjuret Artemia fransiscana. Analysresultatet visade skillnad i utsläpp av polyaromatiska kolväten (PAH) och alkylbensener. Vid körning med diesel MK1 genererades betydligt högre halter av PAH:er och alkylbensener, än vid körning med FT-diesel och FT-diesel med 20 % inblandning av RME. Ren FT-diesel gav de lägsta halterna av PAH:er och alkylbensener. Utsläppshalterna av bensen uppvisade inte lika stor skillnad mellan de olika bränslena. Blandningen FT-diesel med 20 % RME gav lite högre halter bensen än vad diesel MK1 gjorde. Ren FT-diesel uppvisade lägst halt bensen. Utsläpp av aceton visade sig vara lika för FT-diesel och FT-diesel med 20 % RME och gav högre halter än vad diesel MK1 gjorde. Baserat på analysresultaten är FT-diesel det bästa bränslet ur emissionssynpunkt med avseende på vilka ämnen som hamnar i vattenfasen. Det ekotoxikologiska testet visade ingen skillnad mellan de olika bränslena. Avgasvatten från bränslena hade inte någon akut toxisk effekt på testdjuret.
28

Upptäck matematiken! : En empirisk studie om hur unga elever använder laborativt material vid problemlösning.

Eriksson, Ida, Fornander, Lina, Nordmark, Lisa January 2023 (has links)
Denna empiriska studie utgår från problemlösningsuppgifter och syftar till att beskriva hur ungaelever använder laborativt material i en problemlösningsuppgift, samt hur eleverna utvecklar modelleri sina lösningar. Empirin till studien har samlats in genom intervjuer och observationer.Datainsamlingen genomfördes i fem omgångar med två elever under varje tillfälle. Eleverna fickgemensamt lösa problemlösningsuppgifter med multibasmaterial. Metoden för att analysera datan varinnehållsanalys, utifrån en kvalitativ ansats med utgångspunkt i teorin Realistic MathematicsEducation. Resultatet visar att eleverna genom att använda sig av multibasmaterial kan visa sinförståelse och använda det som stöd vid samtal. Det framkommer även i resultatet att majoriteten aveleverna besitter kunskaper om hur de använder multibasmaterialet som en modell av verkligheten.Enstaka elever upplevdes vara på god väg att automatisera modell av till en modell för, för abstraktmatematik. Slutsatsen som kan dras utifrån genomförd studie är att multibasmaterialet underlättar föreleverna i deras samtal och utbyte av tankar i deras lösningsprocess, samt möjliggör för eleverna attskapa modeller av problemlösningsuppgiftens innehåll.
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Exploring the Correlation Between Theory of Mind and Drive for Thinness

Hudak, Sarah 01 May 2014 (has links)
Research suggests that, similar to individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder, people with Anorexia Nervosa demonstrate an inability to utilize Theory of Mind concepts. Theory of Mind allows healthy control populations to attribute mental states to others by accurately predicting and understanding the behavior of others. This study's intent was to further explore the relationship between eating disorders and Theory of Mind. Using an online survey management system (Qualtrics), 210 female students from a large metropolitan southeastern university completed the Drive for Thinness subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task. It was predicted that higher Drive for Thinness would be associated with a diminished capacity for Theory of Mind concepts. Using a bivariate correlation, the findings were not found to be statistically significant in support of the hypothesis, but provide strong implications for future research.
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A developmental case study : implementing the theory of realistic mathematics education with low attainers

Barnes, Hayley Elizabeth 03 December 2004 (has links)
The research documented in this report had a twofold purpose. Firstly, it was to design and implement an intervention based on the theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) aimed at improving the mathematical understanding of learners in two Grade 8 remedial mathematics classes, by revisiting the key number concepts of place value, fractions and decimals. In doing so, a second purpose was to investigate the viability and emerging characteristics of an intervention based on the theory of RME in such a setting (i.e. with low attainers to revisit key number concepts). Pending the realisation of these immediate outcomes, more distant outcomes in subsequent research would be: that learners' understanding and academic performance in mathematics improves and to develop a local instruction theory in using the RME theory to revisit the concepts of place value, fractions and decimals with low attaining learners in order to improve their understanding in this regard. Grade 8 low attainers were selected as the target group for this research as a result of the pending implementation of Mathematical Literacy as a compulsory subject for all learners, possibly from 2006. Currently in South Africa, learners who are not meeting the required standard by the end of their Grade 9 year are able to elect not to take mathematics through Grades 10, 11 and 12. When the new Further Education and Training (FET) policy is implemented, this will no longer be the case. All learners, who do not elect to take mathematics as a subject, will have to take Mathematical Literacy as a compulsory subject throughout Grades 10, 11 and 12. Although less detailed and abstract than the subject mathematics, the Mathematical Literacy curriculum still requires learners to have an understanding of key number concepts and also contains a substantial amount of algebra. As Grade 8 is when learners start working with algebra more formally, and is also their first year at secondary school, it was decided that this would be an appropriate year to try and diagnose and remediate problems in learners' understanding of the key number concepts, if and where possible. The intention was that this would then equip learners with a more appropriate structure of conceptualised knowledge of the above-mentioned concepts on which they could further construct their understanding of algebra. The study was carried out at a local urban high school in South Africa and the research design of this study was informed by two development research approaches (van den Akker&Plomp, 1993; Gravemeijer, 1994). Also, the study was only implemented with a small number of participants, within a bounded setting and without the intention to generalise the results. It was therefore regarded as a development case study. The results appear to indicate that it is viable to apply the theory of RME with low attaining Grade 8 learners in order to revisit the key number concepts of place value, fractions and decimals. Copyright 2004, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Barnes, HE 2004, A developmental case study : implementing the theory of realistic mathematics education with low attainers, MEd dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12032004-103122 / > / Dissertation (MEd (Curriculum design))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

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