Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

In his book, Robin Hood: An Historical Enquiry, John Bellamy asserts that the lack of a study of the relationship between Robin Hood and the sheriff stems from very little evidence in the ballads and external sources. However, the Robin Hood ballads originate in the fourteenth century when tales of justice and chivalry experienced widespread appeal alongside complaint literature addressing social upheaval bubbling to the surface of English life; why would an audience celebrate an outlaw during this time and long after Gawain and Arthur fade in popularity in the ensuing centuries? There must be more to the relationship between Robin Hood and the sheriff of Nottingham. In order to find a deeper relationship between the outlaw and lawman, the estates model should be used as a framework from which to begin the study of Robin Hood and his shrieval desires and not as a specific exercise of explication and application. By doing so, one can see that Robin Hood does assume the role of the sheriff in the early ballads by assuming his duties of managing the forests, collecting money from individuals within the community, albeit mostly from dishonest clergy, maintaining an army for defense, and settling disputes between various parties within the shire. By examining the shrieval position Robin attempts to fill as imagined through the estates model and the period’s accepted role of sheriff, Robin Hood appears as the idealized form of the sheriff in a real-world environment that could not support the ideal.

According to architect Robin Boyd (1952 rev. ed. 1968), ʹthe Australian country house took its pattern, not directly from the English countryside, but second‐hand from the Australian cityʹ in the nineteenth century. This thesis explores the introduction of domestic architectural ideas in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area (LGA) from the 1840s to the 1890s, and concludes that Boydʹs premise, including his five principal plan types, applied in general, subject to regional geographical parameters. The Illawarra and South Coast districts dominated New South Wales dairy farming by the 1860s. The transfer of architectural ideas to the Shoalhaven LGA was facilitated by steam shipping lines from 1855, as the dominant vector, which provided access to the Sydney markets. Architectural development began with a masonry construction boom during the 1860s and 1870s, followed by a timber construction boom in the 1880s and 1890s. In the Ulladulla District development was influenced by local stonemasons and Sydney architects from the 1860s‐1870s, as well as regional developments in the Illawarra, which also influenced Kangaroo Valley in the 1870s. The Nowra Area, the administrative and commercial focus of the Shoalhaven District from 1870, was where architectural developments in timber and masonry were greatest, influenced by regional developments, Sydney architects and carpenters and builders of German origin and training. A local architectural grammar and style began to develop in the 1880s and 1890s, assisted by the railway, which arrived at Bomaderry near Nowra in 1893. However, the depression and drought of the 1890s resulted in a hiatus in construction, exacerbated by the First World War 1914‐1918, in common with the rest of New South Wales.

The synthesis of two types of metallocenophanes is described: strained, ring-tilted [1]metallocenophanes with Al and Ga in bridging positions and Fe and Ru as transition elements and unstrained [1.1]ferrocenophanes with Al, Ga and In in bridging positions. [1]Metallocenophanes are potential monomers for the synthesis of organometallic polymers via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). After the successful synthesis of various starting monomers using the concept of intramolecular coordinating ligands, four different pathways of ROP were investigated. However, only one of these pathways proved successful in obtaining polymeric material. The starting monomers showed a surprising stability against commonly used initiators. This was attributed to an overly steric protection by the intramolecular coordinating ligands, thereby blocking the initiators, and a reduced ring strain, a consequence of the size of the bridging element.<p>[1.1]Ferrocenophanes belong to a class of dinuclear complexes where the two redox-active iron atoms are in close proximity with restricted flexibility. [1.1]Ferrocenophanes with Al, Ga and In in bridging positions were investigated. The redox properties of previously published [1.1]ferrocenophanes showed a fully reversible, stepwise, one-electron oxidation (FeII/FeII → FeII/FeIII → FeIII/FeIII). After the initial oxidation of the first iron center, a stable, mixed-valent monocationic species is created. The removal of a second electron from the second iron center therefore is more difficult, and occurs at higher potential to create the dicationic species. The difference in potential for the stepwise oxidation is directly related to the delocalization of the charge in the mixed-valent species. This delocalization mainly depends on the electronic properties of the bridging element. Depending on the bridging group 13 element, very different electrochemical properties were observed. For the alumina[1.1]ferrocenophane, no delocalization was detected, and a one-step, two-electron oxidation at the same potential was observed. For the inda[1.1]ferrocenophane, a more complex electrochemistry was observed that we attributed to an isomerization of the compound in solution. Only the investigated galla[1.1]ferrocenophane showed the expected stepwise oxidation-reduction behavior.

The synthesis of two types of metallocenophanes is described: strained, ring-tilted [1]metallocenophanes with Al and Ga in bridging positions and Fe and Ru as transition elements and unstrained [1.1]ferrocenophanes with Al, Ga and In in bridging positions. [1]Metallocenophanes are potential monomers for the synthesis of organometallic polymers via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). After the successful synthesis of various starting monomers using the concept of intramolecular coordinating ligands, four different pathways of ROP were investigated. However, only one of these pathways proved successful in obtaining polymeric material. The starting monomers showed a surprising stability against commonly used initiators. This was attributed to an overly steric protection by the intramolecular coordinating ligands, thereby blocking the initiators, and a reduced ring strain, a consequence of the size of the bridging element.<p>[1.1]Ferrocenophanes belong to a class of dinuclear complexes where the two redox-active iron atoms are in close proximity with restricted flexibility. [1.1]Ferrocenophanes with Al, Ga and In in bridging positions were investigated. The redox properties of previously published [1.1]ferrocenophanes showed a fully reversible, stepwise, one-electron oxidation (FeII/FeII → FeII/FeIII → FeIII/FeIII). After the initial oxidation of the first iron center, a stable, mixed-valent monocationic species is created. The removal of a second electron from the second iron center therefore is more difficult, and occurs at higher potential to create the dicationic species. The difference in potential for the stepwise oxidation is directly related to the delocalization of the charge in the mixed-valent species. This delocalization mainly depends on the electronic properties of the bridging element. Depending on the bridging group 13 element, very different electrochemical properties were observed. For the alumina[1.1]ferrocenophane, no delocalization was detected, and a one-step, two-electron oxidation at the same potential was observed. For the inda[1.1]ferrocenophane, a more complex electrochemistry was observed that we attributed to an isomerization of the compound in solution. Only the investigated galla[1.1]ferrocenophane showed the expected stepwise oxidation-reduction behavior.

Film is a tool frequently used by teachers, but it is often limited to showing students how historical time periods looked like, or as a way for students to search for historical inaccuracies. The aim of this essay is to study whether it is possible to use two films based on the legend of Robin Hood as a way to teach students how to contextualize gender history.   Through the use of film analysis and gender analysis of two different versions of Robin Hood, The adventures of Robin Hood and Robin Hood: Prince of thieves were analyzed. The study has shown that it is indeed possible to use film as a source material for the study of gender history, and that film can tell us a lot about the contemporary view of gender, masculinity and femininity. The didactical analysis concluded that there was no theoretical objection of using film as a source material; however, there are some things that a teacher should be aware of. Although film may be a good way to create a varied study environment and benefit students with reading- and writing disabilities, there is a risk that time-constraints and lack of knowledge of film and its methodology on, behalf of both teachers and students, may make it hard to implement. Although, with a lot of preparation, training and cooperation among teachers these obstacles can be overcome and thus a better educational environment achieved.

This thesis uses the concept of righteous justice found within The Water Margin and the legends of Robin Hood to analyze conflicts of differing ideologies of justice and morality between the ruling class and that of the common people. From these conflicts this thesis further expounds the idea of righteous justice on three points: 1) Examines political themes and portrayals of righteous justice within the content of The Water Margin and the legends of Robin Hood; 2) Performs a character analysis on how characters identify with the authority systems of both natural law and king¡¦s law based upon the western and Chinese ideals of righteous and public justice; 3) Uses the Marxist theory of history to discuss the formation of ideologies of the common people and how they identify with the concept of righteous justice. Further, this thesis examines the way in which the heroes of Mt. Liang and those of Greenwood forest are viewed by the different classes, and from this examination the manner in which the phenomenon of righteous justice becomes viewed as a legitimate form of justice representing the common people. From these points, this thesis discusses the ways in which righteous justice found among both western and Chinese legends creates moral exceptions within a society.

Bluetooth is an emerging technology for providing short range, low power, low cost, and ubiquitous wireless environments. In a Bluetooth piconet, the Bluetooth device, known as master, dynamically allocates time slots by way of polling other individual Bluetooth devices called slaves. During the polling interval, a POLL packet will be sent if master has no data to send to the slave; while a NULL packet will be sent if slave has no data to send to the master. Both the POLL and NULL packets are of zero payload and each captures one time slot. In order to avoid transmitting POLL/NULL packets, many polling schemes have been proposed by skipping visit to the slaves that might have no data packet to be sent to the master, but they still have much space to be further improved. In this thesis, we devise a new, efficient and practicable polling scheme¡XCRR (Credit-based Round Robin). In this scheme, the visit to each slave is dynamically adjusted based on the current and historical traffic between the master and slave to reduce the visit to idle slaves. CRR improves the prior polling schemes on four key issues¡GThe first is to enhance the packet transmitting rate and packet receiving rate in a unit time. The second is to avoid unnecessary POLL/NULL packets to save bandwidth and power consumption. The third is to reduce the transmission delay. The fourth is to avoid the starvation and interruption effect. Our simulation results demonstrate that CRR can enhance the throughput among various numbers of active slaves and idle slaves, can improve the transmitting rate and receiving rate of data packets, can reduce the bandwidth by diminishing the visit to idle slaves, and can decrease the packets end-to-end delay. Moreover, to restrict the number of frames exchanged during a single visit to the slave, a threshold is used to prevent the starvation and interruption effect.

Inaug.-diss. - Freiburg I.B.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der dreidimensionalen Untersuchung und Beschreibung der Oberkiefermorphologie von isolierten Gaumenspalten im ersten Lebensjahr. Hierzu wurden Oberkieferabformungen von nicht-syndromalen isolierten Gaumenspalten und Säuglingen mit Pierre-Robin-Sequenz bis zum operativen Gaumenspaltverschluss miteinander verglichen. Zusätzlich erfolgte die Gegenüberstellung einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe. Bei den Robin-Patienten waren eine signifikant vergrößerte anteriore Zahnbogenlänge, sowie eine verstärkte posteriore Zahnbogenbreite nachweisbar. Im Vergleich zu dieser tendenziell parabelförmigen Zahnbogenform, wiesen die isolierten Gaumenspalten einen eher u-förmigen Zahnbogen auf. Setzt man die Ergebnisse aus den Untersuchungsgruppen ins Verhältnis zur Zahnbogenform eines gesunden Säuglings, ergeben sich teilweise ganz andere Tendenzen. Die untersuchten Säuglinge weisen gegenüber der gesunden Population im gesamten ersten Lebensjahr eine signifikant verbreiterte posteriore Zahnbogenbreite auf. Zudem zeigen beide Gruppen im Vergleich zu der gesunden Kontrollgruppe ein deutliches Längendefizit im anterioren Bereich. Dieses Defizit führt zum Ende des ersten Lebensjahres zu einem zunehmenden Wachstumsrückstand der Gesamtzahnbogenlänge.