As refresher courses are getting popular in Taiwan, it is good news for those who want to continue their studies at the same time of working. However, an individual social role will be getting more complicated during this situation of inter-role conflicts. While a full-time worker also needs to act as a student after work, will he encounter the inter-role conflicts of learning and working? This study aims on students who are taking refresher courses at public or private two-year junior college, two-year college, and university in Kaohsiung. We try to discuss the relationship between inter-role conflicts, social support and learning burnout of students who are taking refresher courses. We indicate the relationship between inter-role conflicts, social support and learning burnout due to different background characteristics of respondents. The study result is supported by empirical data and provides some suggestions for those who want to take refresher courses and further researchers. We send out 800 questionnaires and get 602 returned ones. The final valid questionnaires are 589 and the return rate is 76.62%. The result is indicated as below: 1. Most of respondents in this study are female, single, and study in national two-year junior college right now. Their tenure in current company is 1-5 years. Most of them have strong motivation of self actualization even they all play different social roles now. The age of most respondents is between 31-40 and most of them work in manufacturing industries and would prefer to study at school in short distance. 2. The result indicates the inter-role conflicts that learning interferes working or learning and working interfere each other have strong impact on learning attitude. Besides, the inter-role conflicts that learning interferes working or learning and working interfere each other have strong impact on interpersonal relationship alienation. The three kinds of inter-role conflicts all have strong impact on low learning emotion. Furthermore, the inter-role conflicts which learning and working interfere each other have strong impact on emotion burnout. 3. The moderation effects of families¡¦ support, managers¡¦ support, colleagues¡¦ support and classmates¡¦ support are partially supported in this study.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a conceptual model to examine the effects of work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and emotional exhaustion on job performance and turnover intentions. The paper also aims to investigate the role of gender as a moderator of the posited relationships. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of frontline hotel employees in Turkey serves as the study setting. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires. A total of 723 usable responses were obtained. Findings – The results show that employees facing conflicts originating from their work (family) and family (work) roles become emotionally exhausted. These two forms of interrole conflicts are also significant predictors of frontline employees' turnover intentions. Gender moderates several of the relationships proposed in this paper. Practical implications – Turkish hotels will benefit from establishing a family-supportive work environment to lessen the detrimental impact of conflicts in the work-family interface on frontline employees' emotional exhaustion and job outcomes. A dual (i.e. gender-specific) approach appears to hold promise in managing frontline employees. Originality/value – When these results are compared to the results of studies conducted in western countries, a number of similarities become evident. These similarities broadly suggest that research findings derived from western countries are generalizable into a culturally different setting, and support the premise that as traditional gender roles continue to expand and change, a convergence of findings in work-family research takes place cross-culturally.

<p>I det moderna samhället är det många faktorer som leder till upplevelsen av stress. Dessa faktorer kan bland annat bero på samhällets snabba förändringar, de höga kraven, och att vi ska finnas till hands större delen av dygnet. Kombinerar man dessa faktorer med individens olika sociala roller är risken hög att individen upplever kraven som stressande. Förutom arbetets krav existerar även krav efter arbetet när man måste ägna sig åt familjen. Min studie fokuserar på att ta reda på vilka faktorer som kan ge upphov till stress hos arbetande föräldrar. För att komma närmare det studerade ämnet valde jag att göra en fallstudie på min egen arbetsplats och låta fyra medarbetare som har barn att komma till tals om sin vardag i intervjuer. Uppsatsen fokusserar på att ta reda på hur sociala roller påverkar föräldrars vardag. </p><p>I uppsatsen har teorier från Robert Karaseks och Töres Theorells krav-kontroll-stöd modell tillämpats. Denna modell beskriver kombinationen mellan individens höga krav och låga egenkontroll. Studien är sedan styrkt med teoretiska utgångspunkter från Anthony Giddens modernitetsperspektiv och Mikael Nordenmarks teorier om rollkonflikter. Resultatet blev att intervjupersonerna upplever en viss grad av stress i relationen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Bristen på egenkontroll, beslutsutrymme och socialt stöd bidrar till uppkomsten av stress. Resultaten av intervjuerna visade att det främst var bristen på struktur och kontroll över vardagen som skapade stress hos individen. Samtliga respondenter ansåg också att stress är ett naturligt inslag i dagens moderna samhälle.</p> / <p>There are many contributing factors to the experience of stress in modern society. These factors may among others be caused by the fast changes of society, the high demands, a person’s low rate of self-control and the that we are supposed to be available almost all the time. These factors combined with the different social roles of the individual increases the risk for the individual to experience stress. Except from the demands at work there are also demands after the working day when you have to spend time at home with the family. Focus in this thesis is to find out what may cause stress among full-time working parents. To get closer to the problem, I decided to carry out a case study and interviews with four persons at the work in which I am employed. The research wants to find out what causes stress by focusing on the conflict between the social roles that parents play in their every day life.</p><p>The thesis is assumed from the demand-control-social support model of Robert Karasek and Töres Theorell. This model describes the combination between the high rate of self-demands and low rate of self-control. Further the thesis is supported by theoretical views of Anthony Giddens perspective of modernity and the theories about multiple social roles of Mikael Nordenmark. The results of the interviews showed that it was mainly the lack of self-control and lack of structure in every day life that caused stress. All the interviews also claimed that stress is a part of modern society.</p>

I det moderna samhället är det många faktorer som leder till upplevelsen av stress. Dessa faktorer kan bland annat bero på samhällets snabba förändringar, de höga kraven, och att vi ska finnas till hands större delen av dygnet. Kombinerar man dessa faktorer med individens olika sociala roller är risken hög att individen upplever kraven som stressande. Förutom arbetets krav existerar även krav efter arbetet när man måste ägna sig åt familjen. Min studie fokuserar på att ta reda på vilka faktorer som kan ge upphov till stress hos arbetande föräldrar. För att komma närmare det studerade ämnet valde jag att göra en fallstudie på min egen arbetsplats och låta fyra medarbetare som har barn att komma till tals om sin vardag i intervjuer. Uppsatsen fokusserar på att ta reda på hur sociala roller påverkar föräldrars vardag.  I uppsatsen har teorier från Robert Karaseks och Töres Theorells krav-kontroll-stöd modell tillämpats. Denna modell beskriver kombinationen mellan individens höga krav och låga egenkontroll. Studien är sedan styrkt med teoretiska utgångspunkter från Anthony Giddens modernitetsperspektiv och Mikael Nordenmarks teorier om rollkonflikter. Resultatet blev att intervjupersonerna upplever en viss grad av stress i relationen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Bristen på egenkontroll, beslutsutrymme och socialt stöd bidrar till uppkomsten av stress. Resultaten av intervjuerna visade att det främst var bristen på struktur och kontroll över vardagen som skapade stress hos individen. Samtliga respondenter ansåg också att stress är ett naturligt inslag i dagens moderna samhälle. / There are many contributing factors to the experience of stress in modern society. These factors may among others be caused by the fast changes of society, the high demands, a person’s low rate of self-control and the that we are supposed to be available almost all the time. These factors combined with the different social roles of the individual increases the risk for the individual to experience stress. Except from the demands at work there are also demands after the working day when you have to spend time at home with the family. Focus in this thesis is to find out what may cause stress among full-time working parents. To get closer to the problem, I decided to carry out a case study and interviews with four persons at the work in which I am employed. The research wants to find out what causes stress by focusing on the conflict between the social roles that parents play in their every day life. The thesis is assumed from the demand-control-social support model of Robert Karasek and Töres Theorell. This model describes the combination between the high rate of self-demands and low rate of self-control. Further the thesis is supported by theoretical views of Anthony Giddens perspective of modernity and the theories about multiple social roles of Mikael Nordenmark. The results of the interviews showed that it was mainly the lack of self-control and lack of structure in every day life that caused stress. All the interviews also claimed that stress is a part of modern society.

Företagsledningar ägnar en stor del av sin tid åt att hantera strategiska frågor av delvis annan art än de klassiska affärsstrategiska områdena som marknadspositionering och produktutveckling. Visavi intressenter som ägare, regering, massmedia och fackklubbar utformar de strategier för att säkra resursflöden och legitimitet. Att hantera en dylik koalition av en mängd intressenter med olika och ofta konflikterande förväntningar på företaget är en svår uppgift. Lätt uppstår rollkonflikter och legitimitetskriser som hotar företagets existens om felaktig eller ingen strategi sätts in. Denna studie fokuseras på två huvudfrågor. Den första är hur formering och förändring av dylika intressentstrategier sker. Den andra frågan är om en interaktiv planering är ett kraftfullt verktyg för företag att utveckla framgångsrike intressentstrategier. För att söka besvara dessa frågor valdes en klinisk forskningsansats. Tre fältexperiment genomfördes i ett par svenska företag med en unik möjlighet att följa de relativt dramatiska strategiska förloppen i respektive företag. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.

Šis darbas yra orientuotas šeimos ir darbo sferų derinimą, kuomet moteris dirba pamaininį darbą. Pagrindinis jo tikslas - išsiaiškinti, ar pavyksta suderinti šeimos ir darbo sferas, kuomet moteris dirba pamaininį darbą ir kokiu būdu tai daroma. Pagrindiniai uždaviniai, kuriuos bandoma įgyvendinti darbe, yra išanalizuoti šeimai palankią politiką, taikomą Europoje, pristatyti darbo ir šeimos vaidmenų derinimo modelius, atskleisti su šeimos ir darbo pareigų derinimu susijusias problemas bei ištirti, ar šeimose, kuriose moteris dirba pamaininį darbą, yra šeimos ir darbo pareigų derinimas ir kaip tai vyksta. Tai atlikti padeda kiekybinių tyrimų metodas – apklausa raštu, t.y. anketavimas. Tyrimu buvo išsiaiškinta, kad moterys yra nepatenkintos dirbdamos pamaininį darbą, todėl yra susiduriama su inter – vaidmenų konfliktu, kuris rodo vieno arba kelių vaidmenų lūkesčių neatitikimą. Šiuo atveju konfliktai kyla dėl laiko, skiriamo šeimai stokos. Tačiau, kaip tyrimas atskleidžia, konfliktai sprendžiami atsakomybę už namų ūkį bei vaikų priežiūrą pasidalinant tarp moters ir vyro. Toks atsakomybės pasidalinimas rodo, kad derinant šeimos ir darbo sferas yra vadovaujamasi iš dalies sutampančių sričių modeliu (Jančaitytė, 2006) Taip pat tyrimu buvo atskleista, kad moterys yra patenkints, kaip skirstosi namų bei vaikų priežiūros darbus tarpusavyje, kadangi jų sutuoktiniai/partneriai rodo iniciatyvą užsiimti minėtomis veiklomis. Toks atsakomybės pasidalinimas atskleidžia dedamas pastangas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work is oriented family and work spheres approximation, when the woman works shift work. Its main purpose - to find out if they were to reconcile family and work spheres, where women working shift work and how it is done. The main challenges to attempt to implement the work is to analyze the family-friendly policies for Europe, the present work and family roles of coordination models, the disclosure of family and professional responsibilities relating to coordination problems and to investigate whether the families where women work shift work, a family and work function approximation and how it happens. This facilitates quantitative research method - written survey, ie questionnaire. The study has found that women are dissatisfied with their working shift work, so there is a inter - role conflict, which displays one or more role expectations of conformity. In this case, conflicts arise due to the time allocated to the family. However, as the study reveals, conflicts are solved responsibility for household and child care is shared between a woman and a man. Such a division of responsibility shows that combining work and family spheres is guided overlapping zone model (Jančaitytė, 2006) This study also revealed that women are happy with the way distinguish the home and child care work together because their spouses / partners showing the initiative to engage in those activities. Such a division of responsibility reveals efforts to adapt to each other creating movable two... [to full text]

Syftet med studien är att undersöka socialsekreterares och familjebehandlares professionella möte med klienter. Det professionella mötet studeras och analyseras i studien utifrån tre huvudteman: bemötande, allians- och relationsskapande samt rollkonflikter. Studien är av kvalitativ metodansats och grundas i åtta stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer varav fyra med socialsekreterare och fyra med familjebehandlare. Beträffande bemötandet går det att urskilja olika centrala delar av bemötandet. Dessa är lyhördhet, respektfullhet, ärlighet, tydlighet, empati, delaktighet samt val av klädsel. Allians- och relationsskapande är också ett tema som analyseras i studien och respondenterna uppger viktiga faktorer såsom humor, kroppsspråk, tillit och en minskning av klientens fientliga inställning. Dessa faktorer anses vara viktiga i form av att de möjliggör skapandet av en relation mellan den professionelle och klienten. Ytterligare ett tema som analyseras i studien är socialarbetarnas professionella roll, samt rollkonflikter. En slutsats som framkommer är att socialsekreterarnas yrkesprofession innefattar olika roller. De roller som nämns är myndighetsrollen, föräldrarollen och den stödjande rollen. Familjebehandlarna nämner att de har liknande roller, men att de inte besitter någon myndighetsroll, utan den rollen som nämndes som central var rollen som behandlare. I sin yrkesutövning förklarar respondenterna att deras olika roller kan leda till att det uppstår rollkonflikter. / The aim of this study is to investigate the social workers professional meetings with their clients. The professional meeting is studied through three main themes: personal treatment, the building of a relationship and role conflicts. The study is a qualitative method that is built up through eight semistructured interviews. Four of the interviews were conducted with social workers, who works with child and family investigations, while the remaining four were accomplished with social workers who works with family treatment. Regarding the personal treatment, the study found a number of key factors, which were: responsiveness, respectfulness, honesty, clarity, empathy, participation and choice of clothes. The building of a relationship is also a main theme, which is analyzed in this study. Factors mentioned by the respondents are humor, body language, confidence and a reduction of the client's attitude. These factors are considered important since they enable the building of a relationship between the social worker and the client. Another theme that is analyzed in the study is the socialworkers professional role and role conflicts. A conclusion in the study is that social workers who work with investigations have multiple different roles. The roles mentioned are the authority role, the parent role and the supportive role. The social workers who work with family treatment all mentions the same roles. However, they claim that they do not have an authority role but instead, their work includes a treatment role. The respondents explain that the different roles can lead to roleconflicts.

This study focuses on the proposed legislative amendment regarding mandatory reporting. The purpose of the study is to investigate how social workers within social services perceive the legislative proposal on mandatory reporting, identify ethical dilemmas that social workers associate with the mandatory reporting law, and explore how they reason about handling these dilemmas. Consequently, three research questions have been formulated and answered using a qualitative interview method. We interviewed six social workers and within social services from different areas. Lipsky's theory of Street-level bureaucrats (1980) and previous research in this area were used as theoretical frameworks.  Our results indicate that social workers attitudes toward the legislative proposal vary; some remain critical, while others consider it similar to any other legislative proposal that regulates their work. Regarding the question of ethical dilemmas, they agree that such dilemmas can arise, but it does not necessarily affect all social workers. Concerning the management of role conflict and ethical dilemmas arising from mandatory reporting, there are different responses answers range from adapting the law to social workers' varied choices in handling this situation. Some argue that they want to align with the client's side, finding support in the organization's guidelines. On the other hand, there are those who believe it is best to follow the law to avoid potential consequences that may arise and conflict with the organization's mission and requirements. Some even choose to leave the workplace if they cannot align with the client within the organization's framework.