ÄMNE OCH FRÅGESTÄLLNINGAR Coaching innebär fokus på mål, handlingsåtagande, starka sidor, resurser, lösningar och lärande. En del av samarbetet mellan coach och fokusperson är upplevelsen av att bemästra uppgifter och situationer genom återkoppling. Coaching bygger på jämlik relation, en coach ställer kraftfulla frågor och lyssnar aktivt. Coaching är en samtalsteknik som går åt två håll; den som coachar ställer kraftfulla frågor och fokuspersonen kommer med svar. Omvänt ställer fokuspersonen frågor till coachen. I. Hur används coaching och förebilder i dokumentärfilmen Catwalk från Glada Hudik till New York? II. Hur återskapas förebilder i dokumentärfilmen Catwalk från Glada Hudik till NewYork? INSAMLINGSMETOD/INSAMLINGSTEKNIK Det insamlade materialet, det vill säga empirin är pusselbitarna i uppsatsen som består av olika monologer och dialoger mellan skådespelarna/personerna i dokumentärfilmen Catwalk från Glada Hudik till New York. Skådespelarna/personerna i filmen gestaltar coachingens verbala språk, i olika situationer där kontexten har betydelse. Insamlingsmetoden/ Insamlingstekniken är observation genom tolkning. VIKTIGASTE SLUTSATSERNA Coaching är konserverande, stabiliserande och hållbart!

With the highest representation of female parliamentarians in the world, Rwanda is a frequently reoccurring case when studying the impact of increased female representation. In this debate, little attention has been given to symbolic representation and particularly to the concept of the Role Model Effect. To bridge this gap, the purpose is to provide insights to how the Role Model Effect operates in a rural, non-quota context, separated from high politics. Consequently, the thesis seeks to examine how female board members in Rwandan agricultural cooperatives affect the willingness of female members to obtain board positions. The data was collected through a qualitative field study where 44 respondents in three different cooperatives in Rwanda were interviewed. Respondents were chosen through a combination of strategic selection and snowball sampling. The thesis found that the Role Model Effect required two conditions to be fulfilled before it could be manifested: geographical proximity and trust. If these criteria were met, both female board members and female leaders of lower ranks were found to explicitly and implicitly increase the willingness to obtain leading positions among female members, thus altering ruling gender roles.

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Removing the vulnerability of a stereotype threat can weaken the stereotype’s negative influence. However, stereotype threats can be produced simply by reminding individuals of their stigmatized social identity. In this study, a typical explicit stereotype threat was compared with two types of reports on positive role models to determine whether the influence of stereotypes varied according to the type of report. In total, 178 college athletes were recruited and randomly assigned to the explicit threat group (EX group, n = 46), report on a special case group (RS group, n = 42), report on a general topic group (RG group, n = 46), or neutral report group (control, n = 44). The participants first read a short text with manipulated context. They then completed scales assessing career adaptability and optimism and were asked to choose whether to complete a scholastic test with high or low difficulty or not take the test at all. The career adaptability and optimism scores of the control group were higher than those of the RS and EX group. The career optimism scores of the RG group were higher than those of the EX group. Fewer participants opted for the difficult version of the scholastic text in the EX and RS groups; the majority of participants in these groups chose to not take any test. The results indicated the influence of negative stereotype threats and indicated that reading the news report on the special case did not have a positive and encouraging effect on the participants.

The voices of Black male students labeled ED are seldom heard regarding their perspectives on education and their lives in general. By excluding their opinions, educators are missing an important aspect that could improve educational services for Black males with ED. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the implications of Web-based mentoring as a platform for Black male students with ED to articulate their thoughts on the factors that impact their behaviors and achievement. Mentoring as an intervention granted Black males with ED a platform to share their thoughts. Technology was used as an educational resource to academically engage students with ED. Mentoring and technology were combined in a Web-based mentoring model designed to simulate traditional mentoring. Individual mentoring was simulated using live video conferencing. Role modeling was simulated by featuring video clips of the mentor in authentic capacities and group mentoring discussions were simulated by featuring a participant blog on the web site. To determine the implication and emergent themes of Web-based mentoring, two Black males with ED in high school participated in the study. Results of the study revealed that the participant's behavior and achievement were impacted by negative school and home environments. For Student One, negative school environments, specifically poor peer relations, resulted in aggressive behaviors that interfered with his academic progress. He stated, "I thought it would be different in high school, but it is the same as middle school. Student Two expressed disappointment with his home environment stating, "With all I got going on, it is hard to focus on school." Implications of the model on attendance, achievement, and behavior did not demonstrate an appreciable impact. However, both student participants expressed satisfaction with the model and the opportunity to share their thoughts openly.

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‘How do extrinsic factors influence the decision of young adults to become an entrepreneur?’ Michelle Hartmann and Aiko Thumm, 2018: Applied Double Degree Bachelor, Linnaeus University Växjö, Sweden and ICN Business School Nancy, France. Even though governments all over the world are putting a spotlight on entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship as a whole, the motivations of why to become a venture creator is rarely touched upon. In general, there are two forms of possible influences on entrepreneurial intentions, namely intrinsic and extrinsic drivers. In order to further describe the phenomenon of extrinsic factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions, this study aims to describe the interplay of three extrinsic factors for venture creation. These three factors are entrepreneurship enhancing education, role models as well as influence of opportunity and necessity. A descriptive, qualitative study has been chosen for that purpose. During semi-structured interviews, the narrative story of the six participants is told. The findings revolve around the narratives of the respondents’ propositions towards the three aforementioned extrinsic factors. This paper shows that the present educational system only partially conveys necessary knowledge and entrepreneurial skills. Furthermore, this study suggests, that there is more than only a positively influencing role model, videlicet, a negative example representing things the young adult does not want to become. In addition, the study depicts the predicament of a clear differentiation between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship. Lastly this paper concludes, that more than one factor are motivational drivers for young entrepreneurs and therefore opens a wide research area for future fellow entrepreneurship researchers.

Syfte och frågeställningar Elitidrottare har lyfts fram som vår tids kanske främsta förebilder, framför allt för barn och unga. Samtidigt vet vi inte mycket om hur de ser på sina liv eller hur de mår, däremot vet vi att elitidrottskontexten ställer nästan omänskliga krav på utövaren. Studien utforskar vad livskvalitet innebär för svenska elitidrottare och vill bidra till ökad kunskap kring elitidrottarna och den kontext de verkar i, men även till kunskap om vad idén om idrottens fostran av barn och unga innebär. Vad är livskvalitet för en svensk elitidrottare? Vad påverkar en svensk elitidrottares upplevelse av livskvalitet? Metod Studien vilar på fenomenologisk filosofi och metod och utforskar fenomenet livskvalitet och den mening det innebär (”vad är livskvalitet?”) för svenska elitidrottare. Ostrukturerade djupintervjuer med öppna frågor har genomförts med åtta elitidrottare (fem kvinnor och tre män), vilka hade en medelålder på 25,5 år. Resultat Upplevelsen av livskvalitet beskrevs av deltagarna som bestående av två delar: Upplevelser i stunden och rätt förutsättningar. Samtliga deltagare beskrev själva idrottssatsningen som en viktig del av livskvalitet och uttryckte någon form av tacksamhet i samband med denna möjlighet. För att uppleva livskvalitet i och med idrottssatsning krävs det, enligt samtliga deltagare, att man 1) har ett övergripande mål som går ut på “att bli så bra som jag kan bli” samt att man 2) har en plan som har en koppling till det övergripande målet och som ger en känsla av ”att veta var man är på väg”. Det som tydligast träder fram som gemensamt i deltagarnas berättelser om upplevd livskvalitet är dock 3) känslan av att vara på väg i riktning mot idrottssatsningens övergripande mål. Denna känsla beskrivs som en strävan: En känsla av tillit till den egna kroppen och dess förmågor vilket leder till en upplevelse av att vara i rörelse på väg mot det övergripande målet. Strävan beskrivs även som en bekräftelse på att faktiskt vara i rörelse mot det övergripande målet i och med en upplevelse av att ha presterat. Det som i huvudsak påverkade deltagarnas upplevelse och erfarenhet av livskvalitet var deras ekonomiska förutsättningar, deras nära relationer och i vilken utsträckning deras idrott var en del av deras identitet. Slutsats Essensen i svenska elitidrottares upplevelse av livskvalitet är känslan av, och bekräftelsen på, att vara på väg mot sitt övergripande mål som är ”att bli så bra som jag kan bli, i min idrott”. Förslag på område för fortsatt forskning och diskussion är förebilden elitidrottarens funktion och eventuella samhällsnytta mot bakgrund av att det centrala i det goda livet för elitidrottaren är strävan och prestation; vad innebär det exempelvis för barn och unga? / Aim Elite athletes have been presented as the foremost role models for children and young people today. At the same time the personal lives of these elite athletes, their view of life and their well-being have remained unexplored. We do know, however, that the elite sport context places very high physical, psychological and social demands on the athlete. By exploring what ”the good life” means to these role models, we not only gain knowledge about the elite athletes and the context in which they operate, but also knowledge about society's idea of sport as an educator. With the intention of increasing the understanding of their reality the elite athlete’s own experience of “the good life” has been studied by letting them share their experiences of quality of life: What are Swedish elite athletes’ perceptions of quality of life? Furthermore, which factors affects Swedish elite athletes’ experiences of quality of life? Method This study draws upon the theory and methodology of phenomenological philosophy. Within this context, the study explores the essence of “quality of life” amongst Swedish elite athletes. In order to do this, open and unstructured interviews have been conducted with eight female and male athletes who had an average age of 25.5 years. Results Perceived quality of life was described by participants as consisting of two parts: Experiences in the moment and the right conditions. All participants described their sports career as an important part of their vision of quality of life and expressed gratitude associated with this opportunity. To experience quality of life, the findings in this study suggests that it is required that you 1) have an overall goal that sets out to "be as good as I can be", and that you 2) have a plan to achieve this overall goal which provides a sense of "knowing where I'm going". The most distinct theme and common denominator which emerged in all participants’ stories about perceived quality of life, however, is 3) the feeling of being on your way in the direction of ”being as good as I can possibly be”. This feeling is described as a pursuit, as a body related confidence and as being in motion towards the overall goal. It is also described as an experience of having achieved. The main factors that influenced the participants' experiences and their quality of life were the economic conditions, their close relations and the extent to which their sport was a part of their identity. Conclusions Swedish elite athletes describe quality of life as having an overall goal, a plan for how to get there and, above all, a sense of being on their way towards that overall goal. The elite athletes’ perceptions of quality of life were furthermore affected by economic conditions, close relationships and sport identity. Suggested areas for further research and discussion include the function of, and the potential societal benefits emanating from, elite athletes as role models. Based on the knowledge that the essence of quality of life for elite athletes is “the pursuit” and “the achievement”; what are the consequences?

The problem for women in the work market has been and is still being widely studied from different domains and fields, there is however still countless fissures linked to it. Even though the gender equality has comprehensively increased in recent decades, it is still apparent in high responsibility positions. This situation caught our attention and stimulated us to analyse the women’s condition within organizations. Scholars have developed different theories linked to organizations, but our complex and fast developing society has surpassed most of these classical theories, making them either partially or totally irrelevant. For instance standards such as hierarchical organizations, individualism and aggressiveness are no longer considered as the most efficient values. This work investigates the barriers that women have to overcome in order to break though leading positions, as well as the identification of female and male leadership and their stereotypes’ consequences. Accordingly, we intend to propose solutions and new approaches liable to help integrating more women in high profile positions. We are aspiring to create a new trend representing successful leadership that is no longer correlated to the male stereotype. The theoretical part engages in theories surrounding female gender leadership as well as gender related barriers, while the empirical method involves the conduction of semi structured interview with women in high management positions, with the aim of setting up a solid ground for analysis and discussion. Due to this fact, we believe that the woman is the future of the organization, therefore we firstly call for the implementation and the reinforcement of the female “role model” and secondly encourage companies to adopt and promote our new concept of “the ecological organization” in order to achieve a more flexible, balanced and sane organizational culture in a foreseeable future.

<p>The problem for women in the work market has been and is still being widely studied from different domains and fields, there is however still countless fissures linked to it. Even though the gender equality has comprehensively increased in recent decades, it is still apparent in high responsibility positions. This situation caught our attention and stimulated us to analyse the women’s condition within organizations.</p><p>Scholars have developed different theories linked to organizations, but our complex and fast developing society has surpassed most of these classical theories, making them either partially or totally irrelevant. For instance standards such as hierarchical organizations, individualism and aggressiveness are no longer considered as the most efficient values.</p><p>This work investigates the barriers that women have to overcome in order to break though leading positions, as well as the identification of female and male leadership and their stereotypes’ consequences. Accordingly, we intend to propose solutions and new approaches liable to help integrating more women in high profile positions. We are aspiring to create a new trend representing successful leadership that is no longer correlated to the male stereotype.</p><p>The theoretical part engages in theories surrounding female gender leadership as well as gender related barriers, while the empirical method involves the conduction of semi structured interview with women in high management positions, with the aim of setting up a solid ground for analysis and discussion. Due to this fact, we believe that the woman is the future of the organization, therefore we firstly call for the implementation and the reinforcement of the female “role model” and secondly encourage companies to adopt and promote our new concept of “the ecological organization” in order to achieve a more flexible, balanced and sane organizational culture in a foreseeable future.</p>