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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra stabiliseringsmetoderna prismaballast och ”accelerated stabilization design” på mjuka toriska korttidslinser. Detta genom att observera om någon av metoderna hade en stabilare inklination när huvudet lutades i 45 samt 90 grader. Metod: I studien deltog 22 personer i åldern 13-34 år. Mätningarna genomfördes på 18 högerögon och 15 vänsterögon med astigmatism mellan -0,75 D och -2,50 D. Kontaktlinserna som testades var månadslinsen Biofinity® Toric (prismaballast) och tvåveckorslinsen Acuvue® Oasys® for Astigmatism (”accelerated stabilization design”). Ett biomikroskop användes för att mäta inklinationen på linserna i upprätt läge samt huvudlutning 45 och 90 grader. Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie visar att det inte fanns någon statistisk signifikant skillnad i linsrotation mellan stabiliseringsmetoderna prismaballast och ”accelerated stabilization design”, i huvudlutning 45 grader (p = 0,49) eller i 90 grader (p = 0,07) på höger öga. Inte heller på vänster öga fanns någon signifikant skillnad i 45 grader (p = 0,59) eller i 90 grader (p = 0,57). Däremot fanns det en signifikant skillnad för den enskilda linsssortens inklination mellan 0 och 90 graders huvudlutning för båda linssorterna på höger samt vänster öga (p < 0,05). Mellan 0 och 45 graders huvudlutning sågs endast en signifikant skillnad i inklination för Acuvue Oasys for Astigmatism på höger öga och vänster öga (p < 0,05). Biofinity Toric var inte signifikant mellan 0 och 45 graders huvudlutning på något öga (p = 0,13). Slutsats: Det fanns ingen skillnad i linsrotation mellan stabiliseringsmetoderna prismaballast och ”accelerated stabilization design”. Däremot sågs en skillnad i linsinklination vid 90 graders huvudlutning, jämfört med upprätt position, för båda enskilda linssorter. Detta visar att när en individ lutar huvudet vrider sig linsen.

This thesis examines the challenges of decellularizing porcine lungs. The thesis identifies hydrostatic pressure and the role it plays in perfusate distribution within the lung as a potential roadblock for the decellularization of porcine lungs. The thesis examines methods for mitigating the affect of hydrostatic pressure on the decellularization of porcine lungs. Specifically, the thesis details the design and construction of a vessel that rotates lungs during decellularization. This rotating vessel is evaluated in comparison to two other, non-rotation based, decellularization methods. The rotation device is found to more extensively decellularize the lung than either of the other two options. The thesis concludes by examining what other areas of work could be conducted in this field.

This thesis examines the challenges of decellularizing porcine lungs. The thesis identifies hydrostatic pressure and the role it plays in perfusate distribution within the lung as a potential roadblock for the decellularization of porcine lungs. The thesis examines methods for mitigating the affect of hydrostatic pressure on the decellularization of porcine lungs. Specifically, the thesis details the design and construction of a vessel that rotates lungs during decellularization. This rotating vessel is evaluated in comparison to two other, non-rotation based, decellularization methods. The rotation device is found to more extensively decellularize the lung than either of the other two options. The thesis concludes by examining what other areas of work could be conducted in this field.

No description available.

No description available.

Although galaxy interactions cause dramatic changes, galaxies also continue to form stars and evolve when they are isolated. The dark matter (DM) halo may influence this evolution since it generates the rotational behaviour of galactic disks which could affect local conditions in the gas. Therefore we study neutral hydrogen kinematics of non-interacting, nearby spiral galaxies, characterising their rotation curves (RC) which probe the DM halo; delineating kinematic classes of galaxies; and investigating relations between these classes and galaxy properties such as disk size and star formation rate (SFR). To generate the RCs, we use GalAPAGOS (by J. Fiege). My role was to test and help drive the development of this software, which employs a powerful genetic algorithm, constraining 23 parameters while using the full 3D data cube as input. The RC is here simply described by a tanh-based function which adequately traces the global RC behaviour. Extensive testing on artificial galaxies show that the kinematic properties of galaxies with inclination >40 degrees, including edge-on galaxies, are found reliably. Using a hierarchical clustering algorithm on parametrised RCs from 79 galaxies culled from literature generates a preliminary scheme consisting of five classes. These are based on three parameters: maximum rotational velocity, turnover radius and outer slope of the RC. To assess the relationship between DM content and the kinematic classes, we generate mass models for 10 galaxies from the THINGS and WHISP surveys, and J. Irwin's sample. In most cases mass models using GalAPAGOS RCs were similar to those using traditional ``tilted-ring'' method RCs. The kinematic classes are mainly distinguished by their rotational velocity. We confirm correlations between increasing velocity and B-magnitude, optical disk size, and find earlier type galaxies among the strong rotators. SFR also increases with maximum rotational velocity. Given our limited subsample, we cannot discern a trend of velocity with DM halo properties such as M_halo/M_baryon. Using this strategy on upcoming large databases should reveal relationships between the DM halo and our kinematic classification scheme. If NGC 2841, NGC 3521 and NGC 5055 are understood to have declining RC after further investigation, this cannot be explained by the usual morphology scenarios.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee with over 100,000 injuries occurring annually in the United States alone. Often referred to as a single ligament, anatomically the ACL is composed of two distinct bundles: anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) To date, the change in position of the AM and PL bundles in the frontal plane during internal and external rotation of the tibia have gone unreported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify and compare the movements of a femoral, midpoint, and tibial marker located on the AM and PL bundles of the ACL during 15° of internal and external rotation, in the presence and absence of an anterior force. Significant differences were found between internal and external rotation for both bundles in the presence and absence of an anterior force. Moreover, the tibial marker had the greatest change in position.

Although galaxy interactions cause dramatic changes, galaxies also continue to form stars and evolve when they are isolated. The dark matter (DM) halo may influence this evolution since it generates the rotational behaviour of galactic disks which could affect local conditions in the gas. Therefore we study neutral hydrogen kinematics of non-interacting, nearby spiral galaxies, characterising their rotation curves (RC) which probe the DM halo; delineating kinematic classes of galaxies; and investigating relations between these classes and galaxy properties such as disk size and star formation rate (SFR). To generate the RCs, we use GalAPAGOS (by J. Fiege). My role was to test and help drive the development of this software, which employs a powerful genetic algorithm, constraining 23 parameters while using the full 3D data cube as input. The RC is here simply described by a tanh-based function which adequately traces the global RC behaviour. Extensive testing on artificial galaxies show that the kinematic properties of galaxies with inclination >40 degrees, including edge-on galaxies, are found reliably. Using a hierarchical clustering algorithm on parametrised RCs from 79 galaxies culled from literature generates a preliminary scheme consisting of five classes. These are based on three parameters: maximum rotational velocity, turnover radius and outer slope of the RC. To assess the relationship between DM content and the kinematic classes, we generate mass models for 10 galaxies from the THINGS and WHISP surveys, and J. Irwin's sample. In most cases mass models using GalAPAGOS RCs were similar to those using traditional ``tilted-ring'' method RCs. The kinematic classes are mainly distinguished by their rotational velocity. We confirm correlations between increasing velocity and B-magnitude, optical disk size, and find earlier type galaxies among the strong rotators. SFR also increases with maximum rotational velocity. Given our limited subsample, we cannot discern a trend of velocity with DM halo properties such as M_halo/M_baryon. Using this strategy on upcoming large databases should reveal relationships between the DM halo and our kinematic classification scheme. If NGC 2841, NGC 3521 and NGC 5055 are understood to have declining RC after further investigation, this cannot be explained by the usual morphology scenarios.

Bakgrund: Trikompartmentell knäartroplastik (TKA) är en vanlig behandlingsmetod vid artros. Vid bildtagning finns rekommendationer författade av Svensk Ortopedisk Förening. Dessa täcker inte knäledsrotation på en frontalbild. Syftet var att ta reda på skillnader mellan röntgensjuksköterskors och radiologers rutiner att godkänna/underkänna knäfrontalbilder med TKA ifall knät projicerats roterat. Metod: Genom en enkät bestående av två till fyra frågor om fem frontalbilder på knän med TKA som elva röntgensjuksköterskor och nio radiologer fick svara på samlades materialet in. Bilderna visade fem olika knän som i denna studie respektive bedömdes som rak, lite utåtroterad, mycketutåtroterad, lite inåtroterad samt mycket inåtroterad. Frågorna var: godkänd/underkänd bild, betyg på bild och ifall de ansett att bilden varit betydande roterad eller om något annat gjort att den inte blivit godkänd. Resultat: Om de svarande skulle godkänna bilden: Bild 1: 0 % av röntgensjuksköterskorna, 67 % av radiologerna. Bild 2: 91 % av röntgensjuksköterskorna, 100 % av radiolgerna. Bild 3: 45 % av röntgensjuksköterskorna, 67 % av radiologerna. Bild 4: 45 % av röntgensjuksköterskorna, 100 % avradiologerna. Bild 5: 18 % av röntgensjuksköterskorna, 100 % av radiologerna. Konklusion: Radiologerna hade större tolerans gentemot rotation av knäled med inopererad TKA jämfört med röntgensjuksköterskorna. Detta innebär att röntgensjuksköterskorna skulle ta om bildersom radiologer hade godkänt, vilket leder till onödig extra stråldos till patienter. Det var för litet urval för att dra någon slutsats, men om resultatet gäller nationellt bör tydliga rekommendationer författas gällande rotation vid bildtagning av frontalbilder på knäleder med inopererad TKA.