Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Manfron.pdf: 3472367 bytes, checksum: 8b22f92fcdf8e9d700fc8c934780e921 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / Bearing in mind the importance of the grains health in the cultivation of corn, as well as the greater susceptibility of modern hybrids to grain pathogens that cause quantitative and qualitative damage and the possible production of mycotoxins, this study evaluated the influence of different winter cover, such as canola, turnip, black oat, pea, wheat, vetch, consortium (black oat, turnips and vetch), and fallow on grain quality. In addition, two corn hybrids and three harvest dates, one of which was close to physiological maturity, followed by two other harvests 15 days apart, were also evaluated. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of these parameters on the occurrence of damaged kernels and the incidence of fungi in corn kernels. The experiment was conducted in Piraí do Sul, PR, Brazil, which is in a Cfb climate zone, during the harvests of 13-14 and 14-15 using the commercial hybrids P30F53YH and P30R50YH. The following were evaluated: the population of plants per hectare; the severity of leaf diseases; the incidence of stalk rot; thousand grain weight and yield. The incidence of rotten grains and fungi in the grains was determined by using the blotter test method in the laboratory. For all the foliar diseases that were evaluated, the AUDPC was higher in the second harvest (2014-2015). In the two harvests the percentage of stalk rot was highest in fallow, followed by peas. In the 13-14 harvest there was a higher incidence of rotten kernels in the third phase of the harvest. There was a higher incidence of rotten kernels in the combined analysis of the harvest in 14-15 compared with the previous harvest. The blotter test showed a higher incidence of Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus sp., in the first two harvests but the incidence of Penicillium sp. increased during the harvests. The highest values of incidence of Fusarium sp. were observed in the covers of wheat, canola, oats and vetch in the 13-14 harvest, differing only in terms of fallow. In the 14-15 harvest the highest incidence of Fusarium sp. was in relation to the covers of canola, wheat, vetch and consortium. Significant interaction between the harvest time and the preceding crop was observed and the highest values were for the second phase of the harvest in relation to the covers of peas, wheat and vetch. The incidence of Aspergillus sp. in the 14-15 harvest was statistically higher for fallow, which differed from the others. The lowest incidence of Aspergillus sp. was found in the covers of oats and canola, differing from vetch and field peas. Significant interaction was observed in relation to the time of harvest and the hybrid. The highest incidence of Aspergillus sp. in the 13-14 harvest was for the P30F53YH hybrid in the first phase of the harvest. In the 14-15 harvest the highest incidence of Aspergillus sp. was observed for the P30R50YH hybrid during the first phase of the harvest. A significant interaction was also observed between preceding crops and the hybrids in relation to the incidence of Aspergillus sp. This was especially true of fallow with the P30F53YH hybrid in the 13-14 harvest and the P30R50YH hybrid in the 14-15 harvest. Significant interaction was observed between the times of harvest and preceding crops in relation to the incidence of Aspergillus sp. and this was especially true of fallow in the first phase of the 14-15 harvest. Significant interaction was observed between the times of harvest, preceding crops and the hybrids regarding the incidence of Aspergillus sp. This was especially true in relation to the P30F53YH hybrid on fallow in the first phase of the 13-14 harvest, and the P30R50YH hybrid on fallow in the first phase of the 14-15 harvest. Regarding the incidence of Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus sp., different behavior was observed with respect to coverage. The incidences of all the grain fungi were higher in the second harvest (2014-2015). There was higher productivity and thousand grain weight, relative to the joint analysis, in the 13-14 harvest compared to the 14-15 harvest. / Considerando a importância da sanidade de grãos na cultura do milho, a maior suscetibilidade dos híbridos modernos aos patógenos de grãos, que causam danos quantitativos e qualitativos e a possível produção de micotoxinas, foram analisadas neste trabalho, a influência das diferentes coberturas de inverno, tais como canola, nabo forrageiro, aveia preta, ervilha forrageira, trigo, ervilhaca, consórcio (aveia preta, nabo e ervilhaca) e pousio, assim como, dois híbridos e três datas de colheita, uma próxima a maturação fisiológica, seguida de outras duas colheitas espaçadas entre si por 15 dias. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência desses fatores na ocorrência de grãos ardidos e incidência de fungos nos grãos de milho. O experimento foi conduzido em Piraí do Sul, PR, zona climática Cfb, nas safras 13/14 e 14/15, utilizando os híbridos comerciais P30F53YH e P30R50YH. Para as avaliações foram determinadas a população de plantas por hectare, severidade de doenças foliares, incidência de podridão do colmo, massa de mil grãos e rendimento. No laboratório foram determinados a incidência de grãos ardidos e dos fungos nos grãos pelo método do “blotter test”. Para todas as doenças foliares avaliadas, a AACPD foi maior na segunda safra (2014/2015). Nas duas safras a porcentagem de podridão do colmo foi maior no pousio seguido de ervilha forrageira. Na safra 13/14 houve maior incidência de grãos ardidos na terceira época de colheita. Observou-se maior porcentagem de grãos ardidos na análise conjunta da safra 14/15 em relação à safra anterior. No “blotter test” observou-se maior incidência de Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp. e Rhizopus sp., nas duas primeiras colheitas, porém a incidência de Penicillium sp. aumentou no decorrer das colheitas. Os maiores valores de incidência de Fusarium sp. foram observados nas coberturas de trigo, canola, aveia e ervilhaca na safra 13/14, diferindo somente do pousio. Na safra 14/15, os maiores valores de incidência de Fusarium sp. foram para as coberturas de canola, trigo, ervilhaca e consórcio. Na interação entre época de colheita e cultura antecessora, os maiores valores foram para a segunda época de colheita, sobre as coberturas ervilha forrageira, trigo e ervilhaca. A incidência de Aspergillus sp. na safra 14/15, foi maior para pousio. As menores incidências de Aspergillus sp. foram observadas para aveia e canola, diferindo de ervilhaca e ervilha forrageira. Na interação entre época de colheita e híbrido, a maior incidência de Aspergillus sp. na safra 13/14, foi para o híbrido P30F53YH, na primeira época de colheita. Na safra 14/15, a maior incidência de Aspergillus sp. foi observada para o híbrido P30R50YH, na primeira época de colheita. Também se observou na interação entre culturas antecessoras e híbridos, maior incidência de Aspergillus sp., destacando-se pousio com o híbrido P30F53YH na safra 13/14 e o híbrido P30R50YH na safra 14/15. Na interação entre épocas de colheita e culturas antecessoras a incidência de Aspergillus sp., foi maior para pousio na primeira época da safra 14/15. Na interação entre épocas de colheita e culturas antecessoras e híbridos a incidência de Aspergillus sp., foi maior para o híbrido P30F53YH, sobre pousio na primeira época de colheita na safra 13/14, e para o híbrido P30R50YH sobre pousio na primeira época na safra 2014/15. Nas incidências de Cladosporium sp. e Rhizopus sp. houve comportamento diferenciado com relação às coberturas. As incidências de todos os fungos de grãos foram maiores na segunda safra (2014/2015). Observou-se maior produtividade e massa de mil grãos, em relação a análise conjunta, na safra 13/14 em relação a 2014/15.

A new sub-culture, “Rotten Culture (腐文化) ”, evolved from Japanese Boys’ Love (BL) manga, has rapidly spread in China and dramatically influenced many areas of Chinese artistic creation. “Rotten Culture” is an extension of Boys’ Love, which indicates that Boys’ Love elements not only existed in manga, but emerged in anime, movies, TV series, and so on. As a start of an analysis of this phenomenon, this thesis will focus on the core of “Rotten Culture”, Boys’ Love, which exists in Chinese manga and web fiction. The central issues addressed by this thesis are: exploring the circulation of Boys’ Love from Japan to China; examining the aesthetics and themes of some of these works; and analyzing the motivations that explain why such a huge amount of people, both professional and non-professional, have joined in creating Boys’ Love art works. / Graduate

Abstract in English Family has been the most original economic unit for over 40000 years. However, in the past 30 years family system, population structure, marriage relation, women¡¦s role have been changed. Although marriage has been an important matter since ancient years till today, there are many potential differences between now and then especially in the past 30 years. The structural changes such as external marriage affair, competition between wife and concubine under the wife-concubine system, increasing rate of divorce, and unsymmetrical relation in the essence of marriage can not be simply described or judged right or wrong. Such changes can only be described as a life style, which also is a social culture. However, the increasing impact of such changes cannot be disregarded. This study of this article is on the main axis of marriage system. The article wishes to clarify Chinese marriage system in the past and today from economic perspective and to realize that Chinese marriage system is a collusive structure that has created endless war in a family. On the other hand, this article adopts information asymmetric to interpret matchmaker system that has created many unharmonious couple in the situation that information was not so symmetrical, which explain to us the revenge behavior accounts for the end of marriage relationship. Finally, this article employs economic model in inframarginal analysis and believes there exists many internal-deal expenses in marriage. The modal was further employed to prove that efficiency of matchmaker¡¦s word is higher than free love. In the same time, this article derived that the high expense coefficient of external marriage affair explains why general people are unwilling to try and the employ law to protect. This can reduce such coefficient and remind people of remittal of adultery. Keywords: information asymmetric¡Frotten kid theory¡F adverse selection¡Finframarginal analysis¡Finternal-deal expenses

Quality signalling in motion picture markets is hardly a new topic. It has been covered by many researchers over the years. However, most of the previous studies focused on quality signals in interactions between moviemakers and moviegoers. This study employs a more holistic approach as the author attempts to evaluate effects of quality signals throughout different stages of movies’ life cycle. The author has identified three audiences that movies are presented to; and, each group of audience generates a quality signal for the next audience. Based on the feedback from test audiences, moviemakers decide on when to show movies to professional critics and when to allow them to publish their reviews. Interpretation of these timelines become quality signals for the professional critics who interpret shorter time slot for review publication as a signal of the low quality of the movie and vice versa. Professional critics write their reviews which when published on review aggregators become quality signals for the moviegoers. Reviews generated by the initial moviegoers are interpreted by the moviegoers who intend to watch movies at a later stage. All three assumptions are operationalised and evaluated in a series of linear regression tests in this research on a sample containing 130 out of 134 widely released movies in the US and Canada domestic market in 2017. All of the abovementioned quality signals found to be significant as they could explain at least 40 % of the variance of respective response variables.

Film criticism has changed since its inception and will continue to change moving forward. The evolution of film criticism has largely been a story of the shift from an elite field of intellectual exploration by a few knowledgeable experts to a democratic phenomenon where expert analysis is aggregated and averaged, and the lines are blurred between true expertise and the random opinions of the masses. This paper will address the transition from the birth of film criticism to its popularization through the 90s, to what it has become today. By exploring the nature of film criticism historically and reviewing the key elements of its growth from Victorian times through its emergence as an established field in the 1930s, 40s and 50s and its heyday in the 60s and 70s, we can understand the context of its evolution. This will provide a perspective to view today’s approach to film criticism with a clearer eye and a thorough analysis of film criticism in the digital age. It will demonstrate that more is not always a good thing, and the democratization of film criticism has not necessarily been all good.

Att hitta instrument för att efterlikna den mänskliga näsan har under en längre tid varit ett område som intresserar forskare. Dessa instrument kan potentiellt vara ett användbart verktyg för att uppnå FN:s uppsatta globala mål för att nå en hållbar utveckling, Agenda 2030. Projektet är en experimentell kvantitativ studie och syftet är att undersöka möjligheten att ta fram ett fristående mätsystem för detektering och identifiering av sur mjölk och ruttet kött i ett kylskåp. Ett trådlöst mätsystem med en serie gassensorer är framtaget tillsammans med ett gränssnitt för fjärrstyrning. Mätningar utfördes på kända mätobjekt under två veckor. Därefter utfördes mätningar på okända mätobjekt under lika lång tid. Resultatet från studien visade att det framtagna mätsystemet kan detektera och identifiera sur mjölk och ruttet kött utan extern programvara. Mätsystemet en tillförlitlighet på 89% när det gäller att klassificera okända mätobjekt. Denna studie visar att mätsystemet kan detektera och identifiera sur mjölk och ruttet kött via fjärrstyrning. / To find devices mimicking the human nose have under some time been an area of interest for researchers. These devices can potentially be a useful tool to achieve UN: s global goals for sustainable development, Agenda 2030. This project is an experimental quantitative study with the aim to investigate the possibility to create a stand-alone measuring system for detecting and identifying spoiled milk and rotten meat in a fridge. A wireless measuring system with an array of gas sensors was developed together with interface for remote control. Measurements was made from known measuring objects for two weeks. Thereafter measurements of unknown measuring objects were also done for two weeks. The result of the study showed that the developed measuring system can be remotely controlled to detect and identify spoiled milk and rotten meat without external software. The measuring system has an accuracy of 89% when it comes to classify unknown measurement objects. This study shows that the measuring system can detect and identify spoiled milk and rotten meat via remote control.

Backdoor (Trojan) attacks are a major threat to the security of deep neural network (DNN) models. They are created by an attacker who adds a certain pattern to a portion of given training dataset, causing the DNN model to misclassify any inputs that contain the pattern. These infected classifiers are called Trojan models and the added pattern is referred to as the trigger. In image domain, a trigger can be a patch of pixel values added to the images and in text domain, it can be a set of words. In this thesis, we propose Trojan-Miner (T-Miner), a defense scheme against such backdoor attacks on text classification deep learning models. The goal of T-Miner is to detect whether a given classifier is a Trojan model or not. To create T-Miner , our approach is based on a sequence-to-sequence text generation model. T-Miner uses feedback from the suspicious (test) classifier to perturb input sentences such that their resulting class label is changed. These perturbations can be different for each of the inputs. T-Miner thus extracts the perturbations to determine whether they include any backdoor trigger and correspondingly flag the suspicious classifier as a Trojan model. We evaluate T-Miner on three text classification datasets: Yelp Restaurant Reviews, Twitter Hate Speech, and Rotten Tomatoes Movie Reviews. To illustrate the effectiveness of T-Miner, we evaluate it on attack models over text classifiers. Hence, we build a set of clean classifiers with no trigger in their training datasets and also using several trigger phrases, we create a set of Trojan models. Then, we compute how many of these models are correctly marked by T-Miner. We show that our system is able to detect trojan and clean models with 97% overall accuracy over 400 classifiers. Finally, we discuss the robustness of T-Miner in the case that the attacker knows T-Miner framework and wants to use this knowledge to weaken T-Miner performance. To this end, we propose four different scenarios for the attacker and report the performance of T-Miner under these new attack methods. / M.S. / Backdoor (Trojan) attacks are a major threat to the security of predictive models that make use of deep neural networks. The idea behind these attacks is as follows: an attacker adds a certain pattern to a portion of given training dataset and in the next step, trains a predictive model over this dataset. As a result, the predictive model misclassifies any inputs that contain the pattern. In image domain this pattern that is called trigger, can be a patch of pixel values added to the images and in text domain, it can be a set of words. In this thesis, we propose Trojan-Miner (T-Miner), a defense scheme against such backdoor attacks on text classification deep learning models. The goal of T-Miner is to detect whether a given classifier is a Trojan model or not. T-Miner is based on a sequence-to-sequence text generation model that is connected to the given predictive model and determine if the predictive model is being backdoor attacked. When T-Miner is connected to the predictive model, it generates a set of words, called perturbations, and analyses these perturbations to determine whether they include any backdoor trigger. Hence if any part of the trigger is present in the perturbations, the predictive model is flagged as a Trojan model. We evaluate T-Miner on three text classification datasets: Yelp Restaurant Reviews, Twitter Hate Speech, and Rotten Tomatoes Movie Reviews. To illustrate the effectiveness of T-Miner, we evaluate it on attack models over text classifiers. Hence, we build a set of clean classifiers with no trigger in their training datasets and also using several trigger phrases, we create a set of Trojan models. Then, we compute how many of these models are correctly marked by T-Miner. We show that our system is able to detect Trojan models with 97% overall accuracy over 400 predictive models.

Consummation was the one term about which Kenneth Burke wasn't particularly long-winded - odd considering his claim that it was the apex of his theory of form. Perhaps Burke never explained exactly what consummation was because he himself was never clear on the subject, as he told John Woodcock in an interview toward the end of his career. Burke began conceptualizing his theory of form early on - in his 20s - and published it in his first critical book, Counter-Statement, in 1931. At that time, Burke's theory of form had already taken one evolutionary step - from self-expression, with the focus on the artist, to communication, with the focus on the psychology of the reader. Communication was to Burke an "arousing and fulfilling of desires." However, by the 60s, Burke introduced us to a new term which he only used a handful of times in his entire corpus: consummation. This paper attempts to define consummation by exploring Burke's theory of form and looking to his correspondences with friends and scholars. It offers two answers: first, consummation is the act of a reader responding to a writer in critical conversation; second, consummation is the ultimate cathartic achievement. Both play an important civic role. Using current science regarding the gut in connection with emotional purgation, this paper treats seriously Burke's essay "The Thinking of the Body (Comments on the Imagery of Catharsis in Literature)" and his ideas regarding the "Demonic Trinity": micturition, defecation, and parturition, explaining Burkean catharsis as it differs from, deepens, and extends Aristotelian catharsis. What can we learn from what Burke meant by consummation? That the symbolic world is much more significant to our survival than we may realize. As the world of scientific motion advanced rapidly during Burke's lifetime, he began to lose hope that symbolic action could keep up with it. We can see how important poetry and the symbolic motive was for him; he seemed to think it was a matter of life and death. This paper explores what it meant for Burke to seek a consummated life, and the implications that held for him and for us. In the end, the paper posits the importance of catharsis to society in terms of war and peace.