Introduktionen av AJAX har möjliggjort skapandet av dynamiska webbapplikationer på Internet. Dessa dynamiska webbapplikationer bygger på att skicka data mellan klient och server med hjälp av asynkrona förfrågningar. Detta görs med hjälp av ett serialiseringsformat som används för att kompaktera data och möjliggöra kommunikation mellan olika programmeringsspråk. Binära serialiseringsformat har konsistent visat sig prestera bättre än de textbaserade alternativen på plattformar som tillåter binär transport av data. AJAX är en plattform som endast tillåter textbaserad transport av data. Detta arbete syftar till att jämföra prestandan av textbaserade och binära serialiseringsformat för AJAX med hjälp av bland annat round-trip time. Arbetet har utförts genom att skapa en webbapplikation som utför prestandamätningar med hjälp av olika datamängder med varierande storlek och innehåll. Resultaten visar att binära serialiseringsformat endast skulle kunna vara ett tänkbart alternativ när det rör sig om webbapplikationer som skickar mycket sifferdominant data.

This thesis explores how nineteenth century Métis concepts of family and community have found expression in post 1930s urban development, governance and political activism. In this study, genealogical methods and participant interviews have been used to examine the social, economic and political role of women in 19th century Métis families and communities in order to determine the extent to which these traditional roles were carried forward into an urban context prior to World War II. Based on this research, it was concluded that female kinship relationships were central in structuring and determining the bounds of this Métis community despite economic changes, community movement, physical relocation and political upheaval in both traditional and contemporary contexts. By organizing in ways that were familiar and consistent with past practices, urban Métis women in the early twentieth century had the opportunity and flexibility to informally politicize community issues and recruit organization participants. Over time, the political role played by women evolved and they began to take leading roles in the day-to- day operation of programs and services. By the 1960s-70s, urban Métis women began to formally assert their political will and move from behind the scenes into a more public leadership roles. Throughout this evolution, concepts of family, kinship and tradition remained the core organization concept for this community. Through the expression of these 19th century traditions, Métis women have made a significant contribution to post-1930 urban development, governance and political activism.

Obsidian was a prized tool stone heavily exploited in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem throughout the pre-contact period. Fifteen geochemically distinct sources in this area were utilized on a regular basis consistently through time. A large dataset of sourced obsidian artifacts currently exists but has rarely been applied to specific archaeological problems for Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.<p> This thesis provides a comprehensive list of obsidian sources important to the archaeology of Yellowstone and analyzes spatial and temporal trends of obsidian source selection. This study examines diagnostic tools produced by people during the Archaic period, focusing on the McKean complex (~5500-3000 BP) and Pelican Lake phase (3000-1600 BP). The potential for a cultural preference for obsidian source selection is discussed by applying landscape theory and ethnographic evidence to the examination of archaeological data.<p> A pattern of obsidian source exploitation as seen at the Osprey Beach site (representing the Cody Complex) has led to the development of a proposed annual round, typically applied to the entire pre-contact period in the Park. This large annual round, however, is determined to be unlikely and unnecessary by this author. Alternative local rounds to this model are proposed and supported by the evidence.<p> A clear preference for the Obsidian Cliff source (a National Historic Landmark) located in the northern end of the Park is shown in these results. This preference can be interpreted in both economic and cultural terms. Otherwise, no purely cultural preference for an obsidian source is supported. The exploitation of certain obsidian sources did not change significantly between the McKean and Pelican Lake cultures. However, a significantly different pattern of exploitation is seen when analyzed by geographical area. The results of this research suggest a more localized pattern of obsidian exploitation than previously thought, impacting interpretations of seasonality and travel routes in the Yellowstone area.

Bluetooth is an emerging technology for providing short range, low power, low cost, and ubiquitous wireless environments. In a Bluetooth piconet, the Bluetooth device, known as master, dynamically allocates time slots by way of polling other individual Bluetooth devices called slaves. During the polling interval, a POLL packet will be sent if master has no data to send to the slave; while a NULL packet will be sent if slave has no data to send to the master. Both the POLL and NULL packets are of zero payload and each captures one time slot. In order to avoid transmitting POLL/NULL packets, many polling schemes have been proposed by skipping visit to the slaves that might have no data packet to be sent to the master, but they still have much space to be further improved. In this thesis, we devise a new, efficient and practicable polling scheme¡XCRR (Credit-based Round Robin). In this scheme, the visit to each slave is dynamically adjusted based on the current and historical traffic between the master and slave to reduce the visit to idle slaves. CRR improves the prior polling schemes on four key issues¡GThe first is to enhance the packet transmitting rate and packet receiving rate in a unit time. The second is to avoid unnecessary POLL/NULL packets to save bandwidth and power consumption. The third is to reduce the transmission delay. The fourth is to avoid the starvation and interruption effect. Our simulation results demonstrate that CRR can enhance the throughput among various numbers of active slaves and idle slaves, can improve the transmitting rate and receiving rate of data packets, can reduce the bandwidth by diminishing the visit to idle slaves, and can decrease the packets end-to-end delay. Moreover, to restrict the number of frames exchanged during a single visit to the slave, a threshold is used to prevent the starvation and interruption effect.

IETF proposes the Differentiated Service(DiffServ) architecture for next-generation QoS networks. The main features of a DiffServ network are high scalability and compatibility. However, lacking of supporting QoS for individual flows becomes a problem. To remedy this problem, we propose an effective TCP transmission (ETCP) scheme based on the characteristics of TCP. The goal of this thesis is to make TCP transmission more effective. Because of the network complexity, we need to modify both the Ingress and Egress nodes. At Ingress node, we measure TCP congestion window(cwnd) and Round Trip Time(RTT), while at Egress node we monitor the throughput and embed a feedback ratio into TCP header of the acknowledge packets. When the throughput is below or over the target throughput, we adjust DSCP dynamically. The adjustment depends on both measured TCP congestion window and RTT. Each DSCP value is mapped with a delay time through Delayed-FIFO. Changing the delay time in Ingress node, we are able to control TCP transmission associated with RTT more effectively. For the purpose of the demonstration, we implement our scheme on Linux platform. We discuss the performance difference between the theoretical and practical results through experiments. Besides, from the implementation, we have shown that our proposed architecture is workable and compatible with today¡¦s network environment.

This professional report examined the relationship between school and city planning in the Austin-Round Rock Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Six municipalities were selected for the study based on their type of locale: Large or Mid-size Central City, Urban Fringe of Large City, or Rural. Both elected or appointed and staff officials were invited to participate in an electronic survey. Through the survey, data was collected on the current interactions and communications between school and city planning officials. The survey also asked respondents their opinions on the desired relationship between school and city planning and the importance of various influencing factors on school planning. The data was examined by the size of the municipality and type of position held by the respondent to look for similarities or anomalies across the various classifications. The conclusions of this report provide recommendations for the desired relationship between school and city planning based on the survey conducted locally and the background information gained through research. / text

This thesis examines the effects of spatial location, Reynolds number and near exit flow modification on the development region of a round, free, turbulent jet. It is based on the publications generated by the author. The experiments were carried out over the range of Reynolds numbers between 10000 < ReD < 50000, where ReD is calculated based on the jet exit mean velocity and the nozzle exit diameter. The measurements were performed in the near- to intermediate-field region of a free jet defined between 0 ≤ x/D ≤ 30. In order to control the flow near the exit, two wire rings, with square cross-sections, of sides h = 1.5 mm, and outer diameter Dwire = 71.6 mm (positioned in the shear layer and called Rsl) and Dwire = 60 mm (positioned in the potential core and called Rpc) were placed at a stand-off distance downstream of the jet nozzle exit plane x/D = 0.03. Both stationary and flying hot wires were used to investigate the jet flow field. The results showed a considerable reduction in the jet spread rate and turbulence intensity using the passive rings. The reduction in the velocity decay rate was more obvious in the case of Rsl in lower Re; however, it was observed that as Re increases, the velocity decay rate became nearly the same for both cases of Rsl and Rpc. The axial velocity spectra showed the initial shear layer instability (shear layer mode) was suppressed while the jet preferred instability (preferred mode) remained active as the shear layer and potential core were modified. This shows the separation of these modes and is at variance with ideas that appeared in the literature that claimed the dependency of these two modes. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-04-27 16:06:31.03

Abstrakt   I den här uppsatsen i statsvetenskap studeras Rysslands president Vladimir Putins agerande under Krim-krisen. Den har som syfte att söka en rationell förklaring för dennes agerande med åtanke av att ytterst få västerländska bedömare förmådde förutse en rysk intervention på Krim. Samt att på ett bredare plan analysera svårigheterna med att förutse militära interventioner.  För att ge en sådan förklaring används en rally-round-the-flag modell som kompletterande perspektiv. Materialet till studien har funnits i huvudsak i massmediala källor där nyhetsartiklar som analyserar händelseförloppet och motiven bakom det har studerats. Detta har delvis gjorts genom en argumentationsanalys men även en mer teoretisk studie av rally-round-the-flag perspektivet har gjorts.   Utredningen visar bland annat att västerländska medier gör flera felbedömningar då de antar att Putin inte kommer att intervenera i Krim. Detta då de missbedömer den strategiska utgångspunkten samt att de inte ser Putin som en agent med egenintressen. Resultatet visar även att agerandet kan ses som rationellt förutsatt att hans egenintresse särskiljs från den ryska statens intressen. Detta då det är rimligt att tro att agerandet var av sådan art att det kunde stärka hans ställning på hemmaplan och därmed minimera risken att hans egen regim ifrågasattes. Slutligen visar studien på hur rally-round-the-flag effekten kan förklara varför vissa regimer medvetet uppsöker konflikter även om dessa inte nödvändigtvis är i nationens intresse.

The goal of this study was to describe the benthic community and the food habits of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus, and to compare these food habits to the available prey observed in southeastern Lake Michigan. Nematodes and chironomid larvae were the most abundant organisms within the benthic samples, composing 22.4% and 17.2% of the total organisms collected respectively. Diet contents were identified, enumerated, and measured volumetrically. Copepods (35.7%) were the most abundant prey consumed, while chironomid larvae accounted for 30.5% of the total prey items. However, by volume, chironomid larvae composed 57.6% of the round goby diet, while zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha composed 19.3%. The round goby were actively feeding on a variety organisms, but were selecting for certain prey. Diet and benthic community comparisons were also made with previous studies in the Great Lakes, which showed a difference in the dominant prey of the round goby as well as a decline in the abundance of zebra mussels in southeastern Lake Michigan. / Department of Biology

This thesis traces the history of the London Round Table group and of the Round Table magazine from their origins in 1909-10 until the decision to launch a "new" Round Table in 1966. It takes as its focus the ideas put forward by members of the group, in the Round Table and elsewhere, on a range of Imperial and international problems. It utilises knowledge on the authorship of Round Table articles in order to clarify the processes by which Round Table policy was made, and the role of different individuals within the group. It examines the rôle of the Round Table as a pressure group for Imperial reform and in particular its relationship to Empire federalism, seeking to elucidate the extent to which it was able to act coherently, and attempting to describe its aims, methods and influence. On the question of federalism, the thesis finds an inability to agree on details, but also a continuing belief in the necessity for constitutional unit until the late 1940s. It suggests that this belief was not entirely unrealistic. The thesis argues that, despite differences of emphasis, the Round Table was able to develop a distinctive ideology of Imperialism which was strongly supportive of the Imperial rôle yet also responsive to the need for change. It finds that the group was only briefly influential on government policy, under Lloyd Georfge's administration, but it argues that the group saw its main purpose as that of influencing long-term opinion rather than short-term policy. It suggests that the group was able to play an important mediating rôle, between conservatism and radicalism, and between policy-making and opinion.