Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 319-344).

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Barbara Curry, School of Education. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 471-475).

The only available broiler strain to use in organic chicken meat production, until recently, has been conventional fast growing broiler hybrids. The Rowan Ranger is a broiler strain that has a naturally slower growth rate which makes this strain suitable for organic farming, meeting the demands of KRAV without being subjected to a feed restriction. One of the farms in Sweden using Rowan Ranger in their organic production is Bosarp farm in Skåne County where they produce KRAV certified chickens and where the animals used in this study were raised. This study compared differences between a naturally slow growing strain of chicken to a fast growing strain to see whether there were differences in behaviour between the two, if one of the strains was more susceptive to stress than the other and whether they differed in outdoor use and activity level. Regardless of strain, chickens used the outdoor perimeter the same, although the Rowan Rangers did not range as far from the chicken house as Ross 308. Even so, they seem to be more suitable in an organic setting than Ross 308 due to the fact that they seem less hungry and more content, this based on the fact that they perform less feeding behaviour and spend more time laying down. Also, they grow nicely to slaughter weight with a good diet quality whereas Ross 308 need to be qualitative feed restricted to do the same, giving the Rowan Rangers better welfare.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 471-475). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / viii, 479 leaves, bound 29 cm

<p>Aspen (<em> Populus tremula</em>), rowan (<em>Sorbus auquparia</em>) and sallow (<em>Salix caprea</em>) are deciduous tree species of low economic value for forestry and contribute to biodiversity of boreal forests. The species are rare in managed forest landscapes, and severely browsed by moose. Their recruitment needs to increase to meet requirements of sustainable forestry to factors that affect occurrence need to be indentified. <strong>Paper I</strong> is an exploratory study on distribution of these species in relation to natural and cultural factors. In <strong>paper II</strong> moose browsing on saplings, in young forests and the influence of the landscape at three spatial scales: stand (8.6 ± 0.8 SE ha), winter home range of moose (10 km²) and annual home range of moose (25 km²). Presence of these rare species was depending on a multitude of factors acting at different spatial scales. The most important variables were soil quality, successional stage, and ownership at the stand scale and area of deciduous forest at the landscape scale. Moreover, saplings occurred at low densities in young forests <strong>(paper II)</strong> and most interestingly, saplings occurred most in middle-aged forests (20-80 years) and less than expected in younger forests (<20y) (<strong>Paper I</strong>). Browsing intensity on the different species corresponded with moose food preference and annual home range scale was most relevant for understanding browsing. Browsing on rowan was highest where the volume of deciduous food and overall young forest area were low. Browsing on birch increased when pine volume and mean patch size of young forest increased, whereas browsing on aspen was negatively related to the same variables. Thus, my results strengthen the idea that food selection is a scale-dependent process and that trade-offs between food and cover may exist for moose. Moreover, I conclude that the presence of deciduous species was a result mainly of soil quality, forest management intensity, landscape context and that the distribution of food for moose at landscape scales similar to or larger than their home range may be useful for predicting browsing on the stand scale. I propose that deciduous forests may be valuable predictors of regeneration potential in the forested landscape, and that understory deciduous sapling in middle-aged forests may be important to promote restoration and conservation actions.</p>

Aspen ( Populus tremula), rowan (Sorbus auquparia) and sallow (Salix caprea) are deciduous tree species of low economic value for forestry and contribute to biodiversity of boreal forests. The species are rare in managed forest landscapes, and severely browsed by moose. Their recruitment needs to increase to meet requirements of sustainable forestry to factors that affect occurrence need to be indentified. Paper I is an exploratory study on distribution of these species in relation to natural and cultural factors. In paper II moose browsing on saplings, in young forests and the influence of the landscape at three spatial scales: stand (8.6 ± 0.8 SE ha), winter home range of moose (10 km2) and annual home range of moose (25 km2). Presence of these rare species was depending on a multitude of factors acting at different spatial scales. The most important variables were soil quality, successional stage, and ownership at the stand scale and area of deciduous forest at the landscape scale. Moreover, saplings occurred at low densities in young forests (paper II) and most interestingly, saplings occurred most in middle-aged forests (20-80 years) and less than expected in younger forests (&lt;20y) (Paper I). Browsing intensity on the different species corresponded with moose food preference and annual home range scale was most relevant for understanding browsing. Browsing on rowan was highest where the volume of deciduous food and overall young forest area were low. Browsing on birch increased when pine volume and mean patch size of young forest increased, whereas browsing on aspen was negatively related to the same variables. Thus, my results strengthen the idea that food selection is a scale-dependent process and that trade-offs between food and cover may exist for moose. Moreover, I conclude that the presence of deciduous species was a result mainly of soil quality, forest management intensity, landscape context and that the distribution of food for moose at landscape scales similar to or larger than their home range may be useful for predicting browsing on the stand scale. I propose that deciduous forests may be valuable predictors of regeneration potential in the forested landscape, and that understory deciduous sapling in middle-aged forests may be important to promote restoration and conservation actions.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 436-454).

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-12-15T15:01:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Davi José dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 5567090 bytes, checksum: 5606aa47f640cc5cd4495d2694f38cda (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-15T17:28:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Davi José dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 5567090 bytes, checksum: 5606aa47f640cc5cd4495d2694f38cda (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T17:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Davi José dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 5567090 bytes, checksum: 5606aa47f640cc5cd4495d2694f38cda (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / This research with theoretical approach seeks to investigate inmathematics, octonions,which is a non-associative extension of the quaternions. Its algebra division 8-dimensional formed on the real numbers is more extensive than can be obtained by constructing Cayley-Dickson. In this perspective we have as main goal to answer the following question: "What number systems allow arithmetic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication and division? " In the genesis of octonions is the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton, motivated by a deep belief that quaternions could revolutionize mathematics and physics, was the pioneer of a new theory that transformed the modern world. Today, it is confirmed that the complexs/quaternions/octonions and its applications are manifested in different branches of science such as mechanics, geometry, mathematical physics, with great relevance in 3D animation and robotics. In order to investigate the importance of this issue and make a small contribution, we make an introduction to the theme from the numbers complex and present the rationale and motivations of Hamilton in the discovery of quaternions/octonions. Wemake a presentation of the algebraic structure and its fundamental properties. Then discoremos about constructing Cayley-Dickson algebras that produces a sequence over the field of real numbers, each with twice the previous size. Algebras produced by this process are known as Cayley-Dickson algebras; since they are an extension of complex numbers, that is, hypercomplex numbers. All these concepts have norm, algebra and conjugate. The general idea is that the multiplication of an element and its conjugate should be the square of its norm. The surprise is that, in addition to larger, the following algebra loses some specific algebraic property. Finally, we describe and analyze certain symmetry groups with multiple representations through matrixes and applications to show that This content has a value in the evolution of technology. / Esta pesquisa com abordagem teórica busca investigar na matemática, os octônios, que é uma extensão não-associativa dos quatérnios. Sua álgebra com divisão formada de 8 dimensões sobre os números reais é a mais extensa que pode ser obtida através da construção de Cayley-Dickson. Nessa perspectiva temos comometa principal responder a seguinte questão: "Que sistemas numéricos permitemas operações aritméticas de adição, subtração, multiplicação e divisão?" Na gênese dos octônios está o matemático irlandêsWilliam Rowan Hamilton que, motivado por uma profunda convicção de que os quatérnios poderiam revolucionar a Matemática e a Física, foi o pioneiro de uma nova teoria que transformou o mundo moderno. Hoje, confirma-se que os complexos/quatérnios/octônios e suas aplicações se manifestam em diferentes ramos da ciências tais como a mecânica, a geometria, a física matemática, com grande relevância na animação 3D e na robótica. Com o propósito de investigar a importância deste tema e dar uma pequena contribuição, fazemos uma introdução ao tema desde os números complexos e apresentamos o raciocínio e motivações de Hamilton na descoberta dos quatérnios/octônios. Fazemos uma apresentação da estrutura algébrica, bem como as suas propriedades fundamentais. Emseguida discoremos sobre a construção de Cayley-Dickson que produz uma sequência de álgebras sobre o campo de números reais, cada uma com o dobro do tamanho anterior. Álgebras produzidas por este processo são conhecidas como álgebras Cayley-Dickson; uma vez que elas são uma extensão dos números complexos, isto é, os números hipercomplexos. Todos esses conceitos têm norma, álgebra e conjugado. A idéia geral é que o produto de um elemento e seu conjugado deve ser o quadrado de sua norma. A surpresa é que, além de maior dimensão, a álgebra seguinte perde alguma propriedade álgebrica específica. Por fim, descrevemos e analisamos alguns grupos de simetria, com várias representações através de matrizes e aplicações que demonstram que este conteúdo tem uma utilidade na evolução da tecnologia.

Introduktion: Att påverka de sensoriska egenskaperna hos kyckling genom att anpassa fodret kycklingarna får vid uppfödningen, är ett intressant koncept som kan leda till många möjligheter. På Bosarps gård utanför Blentarp i Skåne har man arbetat med ett sådant koncept genom att tillföra morötter och grönkål som ett komplement till basfodret.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om morot och grönkål, som ett komplement till basfodret, påverkar kycklingköttets sensoriska egenskaper.Material och metod: För att ta reda på detta har två olika sensoriska skillnadstester använts, först ett duo-triotest och sedan ett partest.Resultat: Det fanns inga skillnader beträffande egenskaperna utseende och smak mellan kött från kycklingar som fötts upp med eller utan tillsats av morötter och grönkål i fodret, dock fanns det en signifikant skillnad avseende texturen. Morotskyckligen hade en fastare fibertextur.Slutsats: Det fanns en skillnad i texturen, som antingen kan förklaras av/bero på fodret, tillagningen, åldern på kycklingarna eller hanteringen av kycklingköttet efter slakt. / Introduction: Being able to influence the sensory properties of chicken by affecting the feed during breeding, is an interesting concept that can lead to many possibilities. At Bosarp's farm just outside of Blentarp in Skåne they have tried to execute this concept by adding carrots and kale as a complement to the chicken’s basic diet.Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether carrot and kale, as a complement to the basal diet, affect the sensory characteristics of the chicken meat.Material and method: To achieve the aim of this study two different sensory differences tests have been applied, first a duo trio test and then a two paired sample test.Results: There were no differences regarding the appearance and taste characteristics between the samples of meat from chickens bred with or without the addition of carrots and kale in the feed, but there was a significant difference regarding the texture.Conclusion: There was a difference in texture, which was either due to the feeding, the cooking, the age of the chicken or handling of the chicken meat after slaughter.