Thesis (M.F.A.) -- Montana State University -- Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Rick Pope.

Elliott Carter frequently organizes the formal design of his compositions with long-range polyrhythms, such that different parts of the texture move at different, slow tempi, often arranged so that their beats coincide exactly twice, at the beginning and the end of the piece. Many theorists have commented on these tempo ratios, and pointed out how they are manifested, on a smaller time scale, in each instrument’s notated beat divisions. However, building on the work of Link and Roeder, this paper shows that in Esprit Rude/Esprit Doux, Esprit Rude/Esprit Doux II, and Retrouvailles, pieces Carter dedicated to Pierre Boulez, the polyrhythms also guide the interactive behaviour of the instruments. Furthermore, it shows that although these works are all independently complete and coherent, together they can be understood as three movements of a trilogy, whereby the progression from simultaneous melodic parts that run independently of one another in Esprit I to the near-monophonic melody lines in Retrouvailles, as well as the increase in cooperative activity (for example, melody-sharing, and the mutual building of important harmonies) represent a theme of growing reconciliation.

Elliott Carter frequently organizes the formal design of his compositions with long-range polyrhythms, such that different parts of the texture move at different, slow tempi, often arranged so that their beats coincide exactly twice, at the beginning and the end of the piece. Many theorists have commented on these tempo ratios, and pointed out how they are manifested, on a smaller time scale, in each instrument’s notated beat divisions. However, building on the work of Link and Roeder, this paper shows that in Esprit Rude/Esprit Doux, Esprit Rude/Esprit Doux II, and Retrouvailles, pieces Carter dedicated to Pierre Boulez, the polyrhythms also guide the interactive behaviour of the instruments. Furthermore, it shows that although these works are all independently complete and coherent, together they can be understood as three movements of a trilogy, whereby the progression from simultaneous melodic parts that run independently of one another in Esprit I to the near-monophonic melody lines in Retrouvailles, as well as the increase in cooperative activity (for example, melody-sharing, and the mutual building of important harmonies) represent a theme of growing reconciliation.

Elliott Carter frequently organizes the formal design of his compositions with long-range polyrhythms, such that different parts of the texture move at different, slow tempi, often arranged so that their beats coincide exactly twice, at the beginning and the end of the piece. Many theorists have commented on these tempo ratios, and pointed out how they are manifested, on a smaller time scale, in each instrument’s notated beat divisions. However, building on the work of Link and Roeder, this paper shows that in Esprit Rude/Esprit Doux, Esprit Rude/Esprit Doux II, and Retrouvailles, pieces Carter dedicated to Pierre Boulez, the polyrhythms also guide the interactive behaviour of the instruments. Furthermore, it shows that although these works are all independently complete and coherent, together they can be understood as three movements of a trilogy, whereby the progression from simultaneous melodic parts that run independently of one another in Esprit I to the near-monophonic melody lines in Retrouvailles, as well as the increase in cooperative activity (for example, melody-sharing, and the mutual building of important harmonies) represent a theme of growing reconciliation. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

Le sculpteur François Rude (1784-1855), auteur du relief universellement connu de La Marseillaise qui orne l’un des piédroits de l’arc de triomphe de l’Étoile à Paris, est l’un des artistes majeurs de la période romantique. Pourtant, depuis 1904, aucune étude d’envergure ne lui a été consacrée. Cette thèse propose de réévaluer son œuvre par le prisme de la question stylistique. Qu’est-ce que le romantisme de Rude et comment s’inscrit-il dans le mouvement romantique en sculpture ? À partir d’un catalogue raisonné, la totalité de sa carrière est interrogée : ses années de formation à Dijon puis à Paris sous l’Empire ; son exil à Bruxelles dans les années 1820 où il développe la leçon néoclassique ; son retour à Paris où il devient une figure centrale du mouvement romantique avec le Jeune Pêcheur Napolitain au Salon de 1833 ; l’accomplissement de ce qui restera son chef-d’œuvre, Le Départ des volontaires inauguré en 1836 et qui sous le titre La Marseillaise va devenir une icône nationale ; son investissement politique au travers de ses nombreuses statues de Grands Hommes, qu’il réalise en interrogeant les codes académiques ; enfin, la part plus intime de son travail dans les autres genres majeurs de la statuaire que sont les œuvres religieuses et mythologiques. Cette étude réaffirme la place centrale de Rude dans le paysage artistique du premier XIXe siècle. Elle démontre qu’il n’a pas été l’artiste d’une seule œuvre, mais qu’il a bien réformé en profondeur la pratique statuaire, devenant ainsi un maître pour plusieurs générations de sculpteur tant classiques que d’avant-garde, comme Carpeaux, Rodin ou Bourdelle. On peut ainsi donner raison à Apollinaire qui avait vu en lui le père de la statuaire moderne. / The sculptor François Rude (1784-1855), known for his work La Marseillaise which decorates the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, is one of the major artists of the romantic period. Yet there have been no major studies focused on his work since 1904. This thesis reevaluates Rude's oeuvre through a stylistic lens. What was romanticism for Rude, and how did he influence the Romantic Movement in sculpture? Based on a catalogue raisonné, the thesis investigates his full career—his years of training in Dijon and then in Paris under the Empire, his exile in Brussels in the 1820s where he internalized the lessons of Neo-classicism, his return to Paris where he became one of the central figures of the Romantic Movement with the exhibition of his Neapolitan fisherboy at the 1833 Salon, the completion of what remains his primary masterpiece and a national icon, La Marseillaise, unveiled in 1836 under the name Le Départ des volontaires, his sense of political engagement as demonstrated through his numerous Great Men statues, built with a constant questioning of the academic codes, and finally, the more intimate side to his work represented by his religious and mythological statues.This thesis confirms Rude’s central position in the artistic field of the first part of the 19th century. It demonstrates that, more than just the creator of a single masterpiece, Rude contributed profoundly to reforming sculptural practice, becoming a master for multiple generations of sculptors both classical and avant-garde, such as Carpeaux, Rodin or Bourdelle. In this way, the thesis validates Apollinaire, who saw in Rude the Father of Modern Sculpture.

La présente étude traite d'À la merci d'un courant violent de Henry Roth. Cette tétralogie de près de 2000 pages, publiée entre 1994 et 1998, venait rompre le silence de plus d'un demi-siècle qui avait suivi la publication du seul roman de Roth, Call it Sleep (L'or de la terre promise). Elle s'inscrit de manière originale dans le sillon d'œuvres au statut générique indécidable, sinon problématique. Discours référentiel et fictionnel y cohabitent, s'y intriquent et s'y contredisent. Si la matière est en grande partie autobiographique, les procédés formels sont issus sans conteste de la tradition des romans réalistes, modernes et contemporains (de Dickens à la métafiction de Gass en passant par Joyce, Proust et Dos Passos). Devant beaucoup à la théorie des genres littéraires de Jean-Marie Schaeffer et plus particulièrement à la définition théorique et historique du roman autobiographique comme genre littéraire de Philippe Gasparini, cette étude cherche à approfondir le problème du genre contradictoire et hétérodoxe de l'œuvre tardive de Roth, le roman autobiographique. Le mémoire, en trois chapitres, traite du pacte de lecture contradictoire, scellé par le double affichage générique délibérément orchestré par l'auteur et par l'éditeur, et de ce que Vincent Colonna a appelé la lecture duelle, à la fois référentielle-autobiographique et fictionnelle. Par là, il touche au problème de la vérité dans sa relation à la fiction et tente, finalement, de proposer des pistes d'analyse inusitées sur la question épineuse de l'auteur (comme notion, comme figure et comme personne) en études littéraires. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Henry Roth, À la merci d'un courant violent, roman autobiographique, roman juif américain, auteur.

Qui sont les skinheads ? S’agit-il seulement de ces brutes stupides et violentes, xénophobes et racistes sisouvent exposées par les médias ? Qu’en est-il alors de ces premiers skinheads qui, à la fin des années 1960,affectionnaient tant la musique jamaïcaine qu’ils contribueront à sa diffusion et à son succès à travers toutel’Angleterre ? Que s’est-il passé entre ces années 1960 et les années 1980 qui verront l’apparition du phénomènenaziskin ? Il y a t-il une unité du mouvement skinhead ou seulement une juxtaposition de mouvances ?Qu’est-ce qui peut unir les skinheads entre eux, à travers les générations et au-delà de leurs divisions ?Afin d’apporter des réponses à ces questions, le présent travail présentera, dans une première partie, unhistorique du mouvement skinhead qui permettra de suivre et de comprendre son évolution depuis ses originesen faisant ressortir le rôle important que jouera la musique dans toutes ses mutations successives etdans sa dérive politique. Suivra ensuite, dans une seconde partie, une analyse des éléments constitutifs dela subculture skinhead – à commencer par sa constante référence à la classe ouvrière exhibée au travers deses formes stylistiques, son rapport à la violence symbolique ou réelle, les valeurs qu’elle prétend incarneret défendre – et ses incidences idéologiques. La dernière partie sera consacrée à un travail de terrain menéprincipalement en France qui fera apparaitre, au moyen d’entretiens et d’observations, comment se vit,s’organise et se représente ce milieu skinhead.Il s’agira donc de révéler le mouvement skinhead sous ses différents aspects mais aussi de montrer ce quepeut révéler ce mouvement de mode devenu phénomène social quant aux processus de radicalisation, demédiatisation et de diabolisation. / Who are the skinheads ? Are they just these brainless, violent, xenophobic and racist bullies, who are sooften exposed in the media ? What about the very first skinheads who, near the end of the 1960s, were sofond of Jamaican music that they contributed to its spreading and success all over England ? What happenedbetween the 1960s and the 1980s, when the nazi skinhead phenomenon appeared ? Is there only one skinheadmovement or is it made up of many trends ? What makes the skinheads a group as a unified whole, beyondits divisions ?To answer these questions, the first part of this thesis will provide a background history of the skinheadmovement so as to follow, and understand, its evolution since its origins. It will emphasise on the role playedby music on both its successive mutations and its political drift. In a second part, it will analysed the variouselements which constitute the skinhead subculture - from its constant reference to the working-class displayedthrough its stylistic forms, its link to symbolic or actual violence, and the values it claims to embody andfight for – to its ideological consequences. The last part will be dedicated to fieldwork carried out mainlyin France and which will show, thanks to interviews and observations, how the skinhead community lives,organises and sees itself.The purpose of this study is not only to reveal the skinhead movement in its various forms but also todemonstrate what this stylistic social phenomenon, can reveal in terms of radicalisation, media coverageand demonization.

In my thesis I analyse how the United States was depicted in Rudé právo during selected stretches of the Vietnam War. I focus on 1966 (the US already at war), 1968 (the Tet offensive) and 1969 (Nixon as president, the death of Ho Chi Minh) and I explore what image a Czechoslovak reader might have made of the US based on those periods. Next, I observe the differences between the objective portrayal of these historical events and their media coverage in Rudé právo. In my work I assume that Rudé právo did not inform about the Vietnam War objectively, but was instead subject to Communist propaganda. At the same time, I am also interested in the means by which Rudé právo obtained a subjective description of these events.

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Marcela Navrátilová, The Transformation of the Heroism of Labour in the Era of Socialism Abstract: The term of heroism of labour, purpose of which, originally, was to praise the value of labour to the country, became over the time a mere phrase of political manipulation. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the discourse of the term as presented to the wide public by the daily newspaper Rude Pravo during the era of socialism. The framework of the study is based on comparison of four stages significant to the development of the socialism in Czechoslovakia: first of all, the early years of 1950's - the era of Stalinism and initial years of building the state-socialism, the second half of 1960's - also known as the period of the Thaw, thirdly, the normalization years of the 1970's and lastly, the second half of 1980's - the final years of the Communist era in Czechoslovakia. These four periods were used as a platform for comparing the change and the development of heroism of labour. The thesis constitutes of methodological preface introducing the method used in my research and a theoretical introduction explaining the key terms of labour and the discourse of socialism, and also, explaining the role of Rude Pravo in Czechoslovakia between the years 1948 - 1989. These two parts are followed by the analytical...