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Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

Orientador: Candido Giraldez Vieitez / Banca: Neusa Maria Dal Ri / Banca: Marilia Faria de Miranda / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar, na comunidade rural Centro Mesquita na cidade de Marília, como ocorre a relação educativa concreta, entre técnicos e agricultores na realização do Programa de Microbacias Hidrográficas (PMBH), na busca da promoção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Foram sujeitos da presente pesquisa todos os técnicos do escritório regional de Marília envolvidos no Programa e os agricultores do bairro rural Centro Mesquita. A partir das informações coletadas por meio de entrevista, procurou-se detectar se existem conceitos equivalentes entre agricultores e extensionistas, e se esses conceitos são considerados quando é realizada a extensão rural. Além das entrevistas, observamos, de maneira sistemática, a execução da extensão rural buscando identificar sua natureza quando da participação dos agricultores. Os dados foram analisados ponderando os objetivos de transformação que o referido Programa se propõe e a realidade dos agricultores. Tendo como base a pedagogia de Paulo Freire centrou-se a pesquisa na detecção do diálogo entre os agricultores e técnicos quanto a questões ambientais e de produção. / Abstract: This research had as main objective to investigate, in the rural community Centro Mesquita in the city of Marília, as it happens the concrete educational relationship, among technicians and farmers in the accomplishment of Microbacias Hidrográficas's Program (PMBH), in the search of the promotion of the maintainable rural development. They were subject of the present researches all technicians of the regional office of Marília involved in the Program and the farmers of the rural neighborhood from Centro Mesquita. Starting from the information collected through interview, it tried to detect if equivalent concepts exist between farmers and "extensionistas", and if those concepts are considered when the rural extension is accomplished. Besides the interviews, we observed, in a systematic way, the execution of the rural extension looking for to identify your nature when of the farmers' participation. The data were analyzed considering the transformation objectives that referred him Program if it proposes and the farmers' reality. Tends as base Paulo Freire's pedagogy the research it was centered in the detection of the dialogue between the farmers and technicians as to environmental subjects and of production. / Mestre

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 76 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the perceptions of the University of Arizona College of Agriculture graduate students on the importance of Extension functions for rural development. In this study graduate students were grouped into: (1) American and international graduate students; and (2) graduate students with and without previous professional work experience. A questionnaire was mailed to 200 graduate students for the assessment of the importance of 34 Extension functions for rural development. The total response rate was 58%. To analyze the responses two statistical tests were used: the Student's t-test and the Spearman's rank order correlation (rs). It was found that the American and international graduate students perceived a majority of the Extension functions alike, but the international students gave them greater importance. Overall, these students ranked the functions similarly. The graduate students with previous professional work experience gave greater importance to the Extension functions than those without such experience, but their rankings were similar.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a relação das atuais experiências agroecológicas desenvolvidas no Brasil com a orientação para uma transição paradigmática de desenvolvimento rural. Buscou-se avaliar a aproximação destas experiências com a abordagem da Ecologia de Saberes, apresentada por Boaventura de Sousa Santos, onde se propõe o diálogo e o encontro entre a pluralidade epistemológica existente. À esta abordagem se atribui o potencial de transição paradigmática visto as diferentes cosmovisões e respectivas relações estabelecidas entre as sociedades e o ambiente, portanto, possivelmente distintas da racionalidade moderna ocidental onde o homem se vê separado da natureza e capaz de submetêla a seus valores e interesses. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados para ancorar esta análise baseiam-se nas ideias desenvolvidas por Thomas Kuhn sobre os processos de transição paradigmática e na abordagem teórica de Pierre Bourdieu através do conceito de praxiologia e a proposta de mediação entre o agente social e a sociedade. Como metodologia, utilizou-se da observação de campo e da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas a atores sociais que atuam em distintas instituições e contextos. Aprofundou-se a análise com a realização de um estudo de caso na Unidade de Referência - Assentamento 17 de Abril, Restinga/SP, implantado pelo projeto Rede de Agroecologia Leste Paulista - Alta Mogiana do Edital Redes ECOFORTE. Na investigação, procurou-se analisar as concepções e modos de atuação sob a perspectiva agroecológica, identificando-se também os desafios e potencialidades atribuídos às experiências realizadas. A análise dos dados coletados permitiu constatar a relação dos fatores: histórico e perfil de atuação das instituições, formação e motivação dos profissionais, presença e participação dos movimentos sociais e tempo de convivência entre técnicos e comunidades, com o desenvolvimento de processos horizontais e dialógicos orientados para a construção coletiva da aprendizagem. Pôde-se concluir que nas instituições públicas de ATER, assim como nas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, prevalecem atuações ancoradas sob o viés difusionista, com orientação para a transferência de conhecimentos e tecnologias consideradas mais sustentáveis, afastando-se, portanto, da proposta conferida à Ecologia de Saberes. Nas experiências desenvolvidas pelo terceiro setor e que atuam juntamente a movimentos e organizações sociais da agricultura familiar verificou-se uma orientação voltada para o encontro e diálogo entre a pluralidade epistemológica existente aproximando-se, portanto, dos elementos contidos na proposta da Ecologia de Saberes. Nestes casos, as experiências apresentam o potencial de transição paradigmática de desenvolvimento rural, uma vez que favorecem a emergência de distintas formas de compreensão da realidade e de organização socioprodutiva, notoriamente distintas das estratégias difundidas pelo paradigma moderno ocidental. / The goal of this research is to analyze the relationship of the current agroecological experiences developed in Brazil with the orientation towards a paradigmatic transition of rural development. This study aimed to evaluate the approximation of these experiences to the approach of Ecology of Knowledge, presented by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, where the dialogue and the encounter between existing epistemological plurality are proposed. This approach is based on the paradigmatic transition potential given the different cosmosvisions and its respective relationships established between societies and the environment, therefore, possibly distinct from modern Western rationality where man sees himself separated from nature and capable of subjecting it to his values and interests. The theoretical references used to anchor this analyses are based on ideas developed by Thomas Kuhn on the paragmatic transition processes and the theory approach of Pierre Bourdieu thru the concept of praxiology and the proposal of mediation between the social agent and society. As methodology, it was used field observation and the application of semi-structured interviews to social actors who work in different institutions and contexts. The analysis was deepened with the accomplishment of a case study in the Reference Unit - Settlement Aprl 17th, Resting/SP, implemented by the East Paulista Agroecology Network project - Alta Mogiana from the public notice, ECOFORTE. In the research I sought to analyze the conceptions and modes of action from the agroecological perspective, also identifying the challenges and potentialities attributed to the experiences made. The analysis of the data collected allowed us to verify the relationship between the factors: history and performance profile of the institutions, training and motivation of the professionals, presence and participation of social movements and time of coexistence between technicians and communities, with the development of horizontal and dialogic oriented processes for the collective construction of learning. It could be concluded that ATER\'s public institutions, as well as those of research and development, are anchored under the diffusionist bias, with a view to the transfer of knowledge and technologies considered more sustainable, thus diverging from the proposal given to the Ecology of Knowledge. In the experiences developed by the third sector and which work together with the social movements and organizations of family agriculture, there has been an orientation directed towards the encounter and dialogue between the existing epistemological plurality, thus approaching the elements contained in the proposal of the Ecology of Knowledge. In these cases, the experiences present the potential of paradigmatic transition of rural development, since they favor the emergence of different forms of understanding of reality and socio-productive organization, notoriously different from the strategies spread by the western modern paradigm.

Essa pesquisa consiste no estudo de marcadores sociais da diferença de gênero na história da Associação Rio-Grandense de Empreendimentos de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER/RS-ASCAR). Semelhante ao modelo gestado nos Estados Unidos da América no início do século XX, a Associação reproduziu uma divisão social do trabalho definida com base na naturalização de características tidas como masculinas ou femininas: de um lado, a área agrícola ou agropecuária (“técnica”) que associava o homem a aspectos produtivos, de outro, a área de economia doméstica ou bem-estar social (“social”) que ligava a mulher a atividades domésticas-reprodutivas, incluindo seus/suas mediadores/as e assistidos/as. Pela pouca atenção que a literatura científica deu a esse esquema de gênero e, especialmente, à área “social”, passei a questionar: que espaços a mulher e a área “social” ocuparam ao longo da história da EMATER/RS-ASCAR e através de que meios e práticas representacionais a diferença de gênero ganhou significado? Que implicações isso trouxe à Associação? Buscando responder essas questões realizei análises documentais e entrevistas junto a quinze colaboradoras/es da Associação, material interpretado a luz de conceitos e problemas ligados a gênero e ao discurso do desenvolvimento. As análises sugerem que, em virtude da racionalidade biopolítica que justificou a abordagem dual do esquema de gênero, a área “social” ocupou um espaço secundário e complementar frente às ocupações produtivas. No que tange às representações, nos EUA e no Brasil inicialmente a mulher foi associada a esfera doméstica e naturalizada como responsável pela manutenção da saúde e da moral da família rural, devendo irradiar condutas e conhecimentos mais adequados segundo os paradigmas modernos ocidentais. A intervenção das mediadoras da área “social” deveria reforçar o cumprimento dessa função, o que seria obtido através de visitas individuais, organização de grupos de mulheres e na realização de palestras, seminários e demonstrações sobre temas relacionados à saúde, higiene, alimentação, vestuário e administração do lar, o que não impediu que, em alguns casos, fossem promovidos valores críticos e emancipatórios. Com as críticas que a extensão rural sofreu a partir década de 1980 e, em especial, a dúvida sobre a certificação que garantia as prerrogativas e benefícios da ASCAR como entidade beneficente de assistência social em 1992, o campo de atuação da área “social” e as proposições à mulher rural foram compelidas a mudar. Buscando se adequar aos preceitos da Lei Orgânica de Assistência Social (LOAS), a partir de 2002 os discursos do trabalho voltado à mulher rural gradualmente foram reorientados para a busca de sua inclusão social e produtiva, articulando temas chave como violência intrafamiliar, agência política e dimensão produtiva, transbordando antigas representações que reduziam a mulher à função social de mãe e esposa. No entanto, em virtude de resistências de parte das assistidas e extensionistas, das incertezas sobre o papel a ser cumprido face a ampliação e complexificação do campo de trabalho “social” e da diversificação do quadro funcional em termos de gênero, formação e trajetória, a abordagem voltada à mulher rural passou a ser disputada. Isso revela um tempo híbrido do campo “social” onde velhas e novas necessidades e proposições que deram sentido à história da EMATER/RS-ASCAR se acumulam, gerando dúvidas sobre o tipo de mediação social a ser cumprida pelas/os extensionistas. / This research consists of the study of social markers of gender difference in the history of the Associação Rio-Grandense de Empreendimentos de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER/RS-ASCAR). Similar to the model developed in the United States of America at the beginning of the 20th century, this Association reproduced a social division of labor defined on the basis of the naturalization of characteristics considered as masculine or feminine: on the one hand, the agricultural area (“technical”) which associated man with productive aspects, on the other, the area of domestic economy or social welfare (“social”) that associated woman to domestic-reproductive activities, including their mediators and assisted. Because of the lack of attention by the scientific literature to this gender scheme, and especially to the “social” area, I questioned: what spaces has the "social" area and woman occupied throughout EMATER/RS-ASCAR history and through what representational means and practices has the difference of gender gained meaning? What implications did this bring to the Association? Seeking an answer for these questions, I realized documental analysis and interviews with fifteen collaborators of the Association, material interpreted in the light of the concepts and problems related to gender and development discourse. The analysis suggests that, because of the biopolitical rationality which justified the dual approach of the gender scheme, the "social" area occupied a secondary and complementary space in front of the productive occupations. Regarding representations, in the USA and Brazil, woman was initially associated with the domestic and naturalized as responsible for the maintenance of the health and morals of the rural family and should generate more adequate behaviors and knowledge according to modern western paradigms. The intervention of the “social” mediators should reinforce the fulfillment of this function, which would be obtained through individual visits, organization of women's groups and the holding of lectures, seminars and demonstrations about topics related to health, hygiene, food, clothing, home administration, which did not prevent the promotion of critical and emancipatory values in some cases. With the criticism that the rural extension suffered since the 1980s, and especially the doubt about the certification that guaranteed the prerogatives and benefits of ASCAR as a social assistance charity in 1992, the field of activity of the "social" area and the propositions to rural woman were compelled to change. To comply with the provisions of the Organic Law on Social Assistance (LOAS), since 2002 the discourses on work directed at rural woman gradually were reoriented the search for social and productive inclusion, articulating key themes such as intrafamily violence, political agency and productive dimension, overflowing old representations that reduced woman to the social function of mother and wife. However, because of the resistance on the part of the assisted and extensionists, the uncertainties about the role to be played in the face of expansion and complexity of the "social" field of work and the diversification of the staff in terms of gender, formation and trajectory, the approach to rural woman has been disputed. This reveals a hybrid time of the “social” area where old and new needs and propositions that gave meaning to the history of EMATER/RS-ASCAR accumulate and cause doubts about the type of social mediation to be fulfilled by its extensionists.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-14T11:43:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Mancio de Camargo.pdf: 8611897 bytes, checksum: 9929ffa3d48991fd82321127b7944e6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-14T11:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Mancio de Camargo.pdf: 8611897 bytes, checksum: 9929ffa3d48991fd82321127b7944e6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Agricultural activity takes advantage of several new technologies, whose structural and technical advances have been expressed since the last century, for example, through chemical fertilizers, transgenic crops, digital code, multimedia, interactive mobility. This thesis outlines in detail this process through historical records such as those of the great acceleration (STEFFEN et al., 2015), a series of innovations that since 1950 have been driving the growing role of cognitive and technological power in the design of the future and that already leaves an effective geological mark on the planet, identified as Anthropocene. Therefore, this thesis revisits the rural origin of the great acceleration and discusses how it repeatedly presents itself in disruptive technologies in digital agrosystem as described, among others, by Massruhá et al. (2014) and Bernardi et al. (2014) of Embrapa Informática and Embrapa Instrumentação, respectively. This work adopts the technography proposed by Jansen and Vellema (2011), which is a method that balances the technical, biophysical, cultural, economic and cognitive dimensions seen in agriculture, as a methodological strategy to solve the following problem: In what way do several elements and dynamics (climate, soil, machines, farmers, digital code) have their relations and exchanges affected by ubiquitous connectivity? As a conclusion, this thesis shows that the digital agrosystem increasingly encourages and rewards relational logics aimed at the potential of profiting from rural knowledge rather than the ability to produce food. Thus, both abductive-inductive and deductive agrosystems – such as the fuzzy Javanese domestic garden and Gotham Greens technological urban agriculture, for example – must be equitably linked to complete, deep and interactive networks to meet and understand ecosystem needs in order to enhance cooperation between the different modes of relations and cognitive exchanges existing in the field. This requires the universalization of the essential skills that allow integration into digital agrosystem in a reliable and transparent way / A atividade agrícola tira proveito da emergência de diversas novas tecnologias, cujos avanços estruturais e técnicos expressam-se desde o século passado por meio, por exemplo, dos fertilizantes químicos, dos transgênicos, do código digital, da multimídia, da mobilidade interativa. Particularidades desse processo são discutidas neste trabalho por meio de registros históricos como os da grande aceleração (STEFFEN et al., 2015), uma série de inovações que a partir de 1950 orienta o crescente papel do poder cognitivo e tecnológico em conformar o futuro e já deixa uma marca geológica efetiva no planeta, identificada como Antropoceno. Assim, esta tese recupera a origem rural da grande aceleração e discute como ela se multiplica em tecnologias disruptivas no agrossistema digital como descrito, entre outros, por Massruhá et al. (2014) e Bernardi et al. (2014) que atuam na Embrapa Informática e Embrapa Instrumentação, respectivamente. Para tanto, adota-se como estratégia metodológica a postura tecnográfica de Jansen e Vellema (2011), que leva em conta a integração na agricultura das dimensões técnicas, biofísicas, culturais, econômicas, cognitivas para solução do seguinte problema levantado: De que maneira diversos elementos e dinâmicas (clima, solo, máquinas, agricultores, código digital) têm suas relações e trocas afetadas pela conectividade ubíqua? Entre as respostas apresentadas, a conclusão do trabalho indica que o agrossistema digital incentiva e premia lógicas relacionais cada vez mais voltadas ao potencial de explorar o conhecimento rural do que, propriamente, à habilidade de produzir alimentos. Logo, agrossistemas tanto abdutivos-indutivos quanto dedutivos – tais como o intrincado jardim doméstico javanês e a tecnológica agricultura urbana Gotham Greens, por exemplo – devem vincular-se equitativamente a redes plenas, profundas e sinergéticas de entendimento e atendimento do ecossistema, a fim de ampliar a cooperação entre os diversos modos de relações e trocas cognitivas existentes no campo. Isso requer a universalização das habilidades necessárias para integrar-se ao agrossistema digital de modo confiável e transparente

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2012 / Agricultural Extension workers could play a key role in fostering sustainable agriculture production as well as economic growth. The training for extension staff is a step towards sustainable development. Agriculture is an important sector in the South African economy. Its existence impacts directly on job creation, rural development, food security, foreign exchange and poverty reduction. Because the agricultural sector is crucial to rural development and contributes significantly to any initiative to alleviate poverty, it is for this reason that there is a great need for strong extension and advisory services led by governmental operations in partnership with relevant role-players. The study therefore makes use of qualitative data to determine the level and frequency of achievements, challenges, and demographic information of extension officers. Data collection instruments, such as interviews and group discussion, are used to measure the outcomes of the extension training. The results of this study will inform the Department of Agriculture on the achievements, challenges and resolutions into enhancing effectiveness of training for extension staff. The major conclusions and recommendations include: A majority possess national diplomas. In terms of the job requirement, a person must possess a BSc degree in agriculture. It is recommended that bursary must be awarded to extension officers with diplomas so that they upgrade their qualification to a BSc degree. A majority of the extension officers received on the job training, for example, in customer care, HR practices, participatory extension approach and basic computer literacy. It is recommended that training should be accelerated in participatory extension approach, and customer because of the imperative to transmit agricultural skills and knowledge to the farmers in endeavour to promote sustainable agriculture and rural development. According to the study, the training provided to most extension officers was outdated because it was not applicable to current challenges. It is recommended that a study should be undertaken on the situational analysis of the challenges being experienced by the farmers. The study also found out that the infrastructure such as office accommodation, poor technology; insufficient funds disabled the extension officers to transfer the skills to the farmers. It is recommended that there should be sufficient resources to address these challenges.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Agricultural Information Science and Education. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.