本論文名稱為「核子武器與國家安全」（以中華民國作個案研究），望文生義，主要 重點乃強調核子武器與國家安全之間的可能關聯。及核子武器所導致各種可能的利與 不利之因素，其中尤為強調嚇阻理論與國家安全的關聯性。同時，並以當前我國的國 家安全處境，作為個案的研究。嘗試分析。評估中華民國如果發展核子武器，對我國 的國家安全的增加，有多少助益，且可能會產生何種不利影響。 全文共分六章，十七節，第一章導論，說明研究的動機與方法。第二章以敘述軍事力 量在國際社會中所扮演的角色為主。第三章則介紹嚇阻理論，及嚇阻所必備的幾項因 素。第四章中華民國的核武選擇，從中共與我國對峙的情形，說明我國是否有發展核 武器的需要。第五章則是從嚇阻的觀點與國家戰略（利益）的角度，評估我國核武器 選擇的各種利弊。第六章結論。

This research is mainly based on the relationship between petroleum industries that have taken on their full responsibilities in recent years. Petroleum industries give some minor works to other factories and refer to this situation, taking complete charge relationship, a contract under Civil Law. The management of health care, when it is managed by the person who is in charge and the person who is charged by. When it comes to some special circumstances then both sides should negotiate the contract. Since the Law of Labor Safty and Health was announced in 1974, the Law was sincerely made and the education of the government had set up the responsibility of the person who is in charge of the workers. The factories that take charge of the work should make it clear about the possible dangers, the factory, the person who is in charge and the rules should all be followed during factory operation. Besides, with the announcement from the government, we should request that the person who is in charge take care of the person who is charged by. The Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yuan announced the Law of Hazardous Work Place Review and Inspection Rules in 1994. Petroleum industries are a dangerous working place. There are many more chances of dangerous accidents happening and influence from that danger, than in any other industry. Furthermore, we should discuss this issue in three parts as follows: requesting changes to the government laws concerning labor safety; petroleum industries to set up reasonable management rules for labor safety management and the relationship of factories and workers that carry out the management of operations at the construction work-site. This research is discussed by the view of the right and self helps toward which has had a labor accident. As well as penetrating the system and the procedure of analysis the legal surface and the actual execution questions in law. Because of profession specials, usually penetrates good-neighborliness is the way to maintain friendly relations, but in contracts in the service to be also possible and the political operation has the connection. From the penetration view that the policy and the strategy analyze the employer with to contract between business relationships and the influence which produce to the safety and health request and the administration center. The research survey discovered that because the contracted price to compress has contracted businesses to reduce their profits, created contracts the personnel fluidity to be high, layer upon layer to subcontract, the agreement organization carries out does not carry out, the education and training is unable effectively to carry out to contracting each of staff's business phenomenon, further created the labor accident, but take contracted business and its the staff as the biggest victim; Investigates its reason, the essential union system surface and the law, will contract the work to melt into in the petroleum industry work environment. Finally, this research material hoped may contract business and its the laborer profession situation to the petroleum industry center has the understanding, will provide the government and the petroleum industry administers and in the management in the future the reference, also might take future to other professions or the thorough research foundation of.

This thesis explores methodologies of modeling and evaluating the operational performance of a typical aeroengine having field experience over two decades. Upon failure, the engine is repaired and restored to flight worthy condition and hence comes under the purview of repairable systems. Operational performance of the engine is being measured in terms of five functions of time, namely, M(t), which is the expected number of system failures in the time interval [0,t]; system failure rate m(t), which is an unconditional quantity and is simply the derivative of M(t); ρ(t), the conditional failure intensity given the history of a system Ht, which is nothing but limdt→1 Prob(System fails in [t,t + dt] |Ht); and M′(t) and m′(t), which are 0 dt conditional entities analogous to M(t) and m(t) defined in the same spirit as that of ρ(t), the details of which are given in the third chapter of the thesis. These functions are being estimated using field failure-repair data of 418 aeroengines, where the observations on time between failures are being measured in number of flying hours logged in between failures, and the corresponding repair duration is being measured in number of calendar days. To start with, using the superimposed renewal process model the above quantities M(t), m(t), m′(t), M′(t) and ρ(t) are estimated both in the frequentist as well as the Bayesian framework. Subsequently repair times have been incorporated into the model and analysed using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Next, the model of Lawless and Thiagarajah (1996) which incorporates both renewal and time trend, has been generalized to include repair time as well, and a comprehensive methodology of Bayesian model selection under this model has been developed. After introducing the research problem in the first chapter, the engineering system description leading to the identification of the failure modes, repair practice and the variables of interest is taken up in the following chapter at the outset, as a pre-requisite to the stochastic modeling and the statistical analysis that to follow in the remainder of the thesis. As the first stochastic model, the number of system failures in a given time interval is modeled as a superimposed renewal process with the constituent independent renewal processes running in different component sockets having Weibull inter failure times. This model is first empirically validated using the field failure data and then using this model, the five quantities of interest as mentioned above viz. M(t), m(t), ρ(t), M′(t) and m′(t) are analysed from a frequentist maximum likelihood perspective. A Bayesian analysis of the same follows in the subsequent chapter. Next, the repair effect is incorporated into the superimposed renewal process model by considering the Weibull parameters of inter failure times of the constituent renewal processes running in independent component sockets as a polynomial in the last repair time. The nature of this polynomial relationships are empirically deter-mined and the Weibull assumption is validated through a test of hypothesis. Different polynomial relationships lead to consideration of several models, with the correct ones chosen through a series of likelihood ratio tests. Next based on the appropriate models a maximum likelihood analysis of M(t), ρ(t) and M′(t) has been carried out. Like the simple superimposed renewal process model, Bayesian analysis of this model incorporating repair times is carried out in the following chapter. In the Bayesian setup however, the problem of model selection could be kept unrestricted to non-nested models as well (unlike the previous chapter, where only nested models could be considered), and a comprehensive model selection exercise has been carried out with the aid of intrinsic Bayes factors and training data sets. The last but one chapter presents a generalised model of Lawless and Thiagarajah (1996) for performance evaluation of aeroengines that incorporate renewals, time trends and the repair characteristics. Here also since the primary problem is one of model selection, the entire analysis like in the preceding chapter has been carried out under the Bayesian frame-work. The final chapter concludes the thesis by comparing the empirical results obtained in the previous five chapters, summarising the main contributions of the thesis and providing directions for future research.

Säkerhet inom alla verksamhetens processer är en viktig del i organisationer för att de ska fungera långsiktigt. Människans välmående och hälsa är grundläggande för att ett företag ska kunna bedriva en fungerande verksamhet. Trots detta kan organisationer göra felaktiga beslut inom säkerhet baserat på deras tolkning av risker (Robinson et al., 2013). Dödsfall och skador inom process- och tillverkningsindustrin har minskat avsevärt under de tre senaste decennierna. Enligt Arbetsmiljöverket (2021) har antalet arbetsolyckor utan sjukfrånvaro haft en relativt stabil ökning på den svenska arbetsplatsen från år 1980 - 2021 bland både kvinnor och män. Detta kan indikera på att säkerhet på arbetsplatsen är ett område som är i behov av mer undersökning och utveckling.  Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka risker för arbetsplatsolyckor och säkerhetshantering i ett tillverkande företag samt ge förbättringsförslag för en hälsosammare arbetsmiljö. Studien genomfördes genom en kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod i form av intervjuer, observation och en enkätundersökning. Resultatet jämfördes med relevant teori om säkerhetshantering. Denna studie avgränsas till Duro Svenska Tapetmästare och företagets produktion som innefattar färgproduktion, tapettillverkning och beskärning av tapetrullar.  Duros nuvarande riskhantering och säkerhetsarbete är i form av skyddsronder som innebär att samtliga aktiviteter och utrymmen kontinuerligt inspekteras för att identifiera risker. Duros säkerhetshantering visade sig ha brister i flera områden inom produktionen vilket framkom från FMEA-analysen, intervjuerna, enkäten samt observationen. Bristerna inkluderade körning av maskiner, räcke vid gångramp och ventilation. Därutöver identifierades det ergonomiska brister, otillräckliga skyddsronder samt avsaknad av säkerhets- och miljöpolicy.  Studien kom fram till att det finns flera hinder för att öka säkerheten på arbetsplatsen. Det identifierades ett gap inom säkerhetshanteringen eftersom företagets ledning, beslutsfattare och medarbetare anser att säkerhetsarbetet är tillräckligt trots att vår undersökning påvisar att den inte är det. Denna uppfattning utgör ett hinder för vidare utveckling av säkerheten och gäller även ledningens uppfattning av medarbetarna. Vidare har studien identifierat centrala nyckelfaktorer som företag bör ta i beaktande. Riskbedömningsmetoder som FMEA och JHA bidrar med en överblick över företagets arbetsprocesser och produktion eftersom dessa metoder inkluderar riskbedömning i produktionens samtliga aktiviteter. Detta kan kombineras med fler riskhanteringsverktyg som i sin tur ger möjlighet till att identifiera, utvärdera och åtgärda risker för en säkrare arbetsmiljö. / Safety within all business processes is an important part of organizations in order for them to function in the long term. Human wellbeing and health are fundamental for a company to be able to run a functioning business. Despite this, organizations can make wrong decisions in safety based on their interpretation of risks (Robinson et al., 2013). Fatalities and injuries in the process and manufacturing industries have decreased significantly over the past three decades. According to the Swedish Working Environment Agency (2021), the number of occupational accidents without sick absence has had a relatively stable increase in the Swedish workplace from 1980 - 2021 among both women and men. This may indicate that workplace safety is an area in need of more research and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risks of workplace accidents and safety management in a manufacturing company and to provide suggestions for improvement for a healthier working environment. The study was carried out through a qualitative and quantitative method in the form of interviews, observation and a survey. The result was compared with relevant theory on safety management. This study is limited to Duro Svenska Tapetmästare and the company's production, which includes paint production, wallpaper production and trimming of wallpaper rolls. Duro's current risk management and safety work is in the form of safety rounds, which means that all activities and spaces are continuously inspected to identify risks. Duro's safety management was found to have deficiencies in several areas within the production, which emerged from the FMEA analysis, the interviews, the survey and the observation. Deficiencies included running machinery, handrails at walkways and ventilation. In addition, ergonomic deficiencies, insufficient security rounds and a lack of safety and environmental policy were identified. The study concluded that there are several obstacles to increasing safety in the workplace. A research gap in safety management was identified because the company's management, decision-makers and employees believe that the safety work is sufficient even though our study shows that it is not. This perception constitutes an obstacle to further development of safety and also applies to the management's perception of the employees. Furthermore, the study has identified key factors that companies should take into account. Risk assessment methods such as FMEA and JHA contribute with an overview of the company's work processes and production because these methods include risk assessment in all production activities. This can be combined with more risk management tools which in turn provide the opportunity to identify, evaluate and remedy risks for a safer work environment.