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D.L. A 833-2008

De acordo com a ABIA (2015), mais de 95% das mais de 48 mil indústrias de alimentos no Brasil são de micro ou pequeno porte possivelmente, para uma parte delas, ver seu produto vendido nas gôndolas das grandes redes hipermercados do país pode ser um dos seus maiores desejos, porém, a concentração de mercado vem se intensificando nos últimos anos, e, no segmento de varejo, as 20 maiores empresas reúnem quase 40% do mercado. Com poucas empresas detendo uma parcela considerável do volume de vendas, o poder de negociação em muitos casos passa a ser do comprador, e uma empresa de pequeno porte poderia enfrentar dificuldades quando decidisse vender seus produtos a grandes redes varejistas. A pesquisa centraliza-se no entendimento do processo de introdução de produtos e fornecedores de pequeno porte por meio da compreensão das estruturas, das reponsabilidades e dos principais fatores que impactam as decisões dos gestores comerciais dos cinco maiores varejistas do país. O levantamento de dados foi feito mediante uma pesquisa empírica na forma de entrevista individual em profundidade semiestruturada com doze profissionais com experiência, responsáveis pela seleção e introdução de fornecedores em diferentes categorias dos cinco maiores varejistas alimentares brasileiros. Com base em todo o levantamento, foi possível produzir um roteiro que auxilia o fabricante de pequeno porte na abordagem aos grandes varejistas, seguindo as etapas do relacionamento comercial: pré-abordagem, abordagem, apresentação, construindo importância, fortalecendo vínculos, como serei medido e o que mais preciso saber. Para cada etapa, com base nos resultados da pesquisa empírica, os temas foram subdivididos em: o que é conhecido, o que é necessário investigar, ferramentas e construção do argumento. / According to ABIA (2015), more than 95% of the 48,000 food industries in Brazil are micro or small business and probably a part of them want to see their product sold on shelves of the largest foods retailers. Market concentration has intensified in recent years, and on the retail segment, the top 20 companies concentrate almost 40% of the market. With few companies holding a sizable share of sales volume, the bargaining power in many cases becomes to the buyer\'s, and a small business could face difficulties when it decides to sell its products to large retail chains. The search centers on the understanding of the product\'s introduction process for small suppliers through the understanding of the structures, responsibilities and main factors that impact the decisions of the commercial managers of the five largest retailers in the country. Data collection was done through empirical research in individual, semi-structured interviews with twelve experienced professionals responsible for selecting and introducing suppliers in different categories of the five largest Brazilian food retailers. Based on the whole survey, it was possible to produce a roadmap that helps the small manufacturer in approaching the big retailers following the commercial steps: pre-approach, approach, presentation, building importance, strengthening ties, how will I be measured and what else I need to know. For each stage, based on the results of the empirical research, the themes were subdivided into: what is known, what is necessary to investigate, tools and construction of the argument.

by Chu Yu Lun, Stanley [and] Kwong Kin Hing, Edmund. / Includes bibliographies / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984

Shin Shiu Kau. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1975. / Bibliography: leaves 149-151.

El presente estudio de prefactibilidad tiene el objetivo de evaluar la viabilidad técnica, económica y financiera de implementar una empresa productora de sales de calcio que satisfaga la demanda nacional. En el primer capítulo, se analizan los factores económicos, políticos, legales, socioculturales y tecnológicos del macroentorno y se analiza la situación del microentorno a través de las Cinco Fuerzas de Porter y se plantean las estrategias a través de un análisis FODA. En el estudio de mercado, se analizan las tres posibles industrias que se encontrarían interesadas en los productos desarrollados: la industria farmacéutica, la industria alimentaria y la industria avícola. Se continua el estudio considerando como mercado objetivo la industria avícola, donde se elabora la mezcla de marketing empleando las 4P’s con un enfoque dirigido a empresas B2B propuesto en un artículo de Harvard Business Review llamado SAVE. En el estudio de viabilidad técnica, se realiza el análisis de macro y micro localización y se calcula el tamaño óptimo, la capacidad requerida y utilizada de la planta de producción, la maquinaria y recursos requeridos, la programación de los materiales e insumos. Además, se definen los servicios a tercerizar y se evalúa la viabilidad social y ambiental, obteniéndose resultados positivos. En el estudio legal y organizacional, se define el tipo de sociedad, se analiza el marco legal y se indican los requerimientos legales y administrativos. En el análisis económico y financiero, se calcula una inversión inicial requerida de S/355,625.56 incluido IGV. Asimismo, se determina la estructura de financiamiento que permitirá aumentar la rentabilidad de la empresa y los inversores a un riesgo aceptable. Además, en base al costo de oportunidad del inversor y el costo ponderado de capital calculados, se obtuvieron un valor actual neto del proyecto es S/440,929.52 y una tasa de retorno financiero de 65.88%, por ello se concluye que es un proyecto viable y muy lucrativo para el inversor. Finalmente, se analiza la sensibilidad respecto a la variación de costos de la materia prima y la variación de la demanda, obteniéndose resultados favorables en todos los escenarios evaluados. / Tesis

Low prices in textile fabrics are a phenomenon that can be traced back for centuries. In 2011 a new record was set when 37.7 percent of all items in the fashion commerce were sold at a discounted price. Retailers today on the Swedish market have taught the consumers a new consumption behavior due to the constant flow of new products. It has become difficult to increase a price of a product due to globalization and the hard competition it brings. Economies of scale have made it possible for retail chains to offer products with low prices. Because of the fluctuated demand among consumers today clearance sales have become a natural part of a company’s business strategy.The purpose of the thesis is to define if companies use clearance sales as a strategy in today’s volatile business world and to compare retailers’ approaches with consumers’ attitudes towards clearance sales. This study questions whether clearance sales are necessary today. The purpose is also to clarify if clearance sales can be limited by several factors and how companies will manage clearance sales in the future.The methodology used in this thesis is an inductive approach together with a qualitative and a quantitative research strategy. A case study including interviews with seven different retailers and a survey with 100 participating consumers have been accomplished.The authors of this thesis could not discover a strategy how clearance sales are managed among the participating retailers. They claimed that clearance sales are necessary and that it is a result of faulty forecasting and a decreased willingness to buy among consumers due to the volatile business world. A speeded up system with more collections each year stresses and forces retailers to purchase more products that cannot be sold at regular prices, which in the end lead to even more clearance sales. Clearance sales affect the companies differently depending on their retail construction.The authors have noticed a shift in the society where consumers’ willingness to buy has decreased due to a rise in environmental thinking. Meanwhile, companies are still using clearance sales as a tool with the purpose to attract consumer to low prices. However the authors claim that clearance sales have lost its function. Companies are realizing that they need to understand their consumers and their market so that their forecasts are more correct and thereby they will have less unsold products that will end up at clearance sales. / Program: Master programme in Applied Textile Management

In a world going towards automation, I ask whether salespeople making pricing decisions in a high human interaction environment such as business to business (B2B) retail, could be automated, and under what conditions it would be most beneficial. I propose a hybrid approach to automation that combines the expert salesperson and an artificial intelligence model of the salesperson in making pricing decisions in B2B. The hybrid approach preserves individual and organizational knowledge both by learning the expert's decision making behavior and by keeping the expert in the decision making process for decisions that require human judgment. Using sales transactions data from a B2B aluminum retailer, I create an automated version of each salesperson, that learns the salesperson's pricing policy based on her past pricing decisions. In a field experiment, I provide salespeople in the B2B retailer with their own model's price recommendations through their CRM system in real-time, and allow them to adjust their original pricing accordingly. I find that despite the loss of non-codeable information that is available to the salesperson but not to the model, providing the model's price increases profits for treated quotes by as much as 10% relative to a control condition, which translates to approximately $1.3 million in yearly profits. Using a counterfactual analysis, I also find that a hybrid pricing approach, that follows the model's pricing most of time, but defers to the salesperson's pricing when the model is missing important information is more profitable than pure automation or pure reliance on the salesperson's pricing. I find that in most cases the model's scalability and consistency lead to better pricing decisions that translate to higher profits, but when pricing uncommon products or pricing for unfamiliar clients it is best to use human judgment. I investigate different ways, including machine learning methods, to model the salesperson's behavior and to combine salespeople's expertise as reflected by their automated representations, and discuss implications for automation of tasks that involve soft skills.

Thesis. 1977. B.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / B.S.

This thesis deals with a new trend and a marketing tool -- collective buying. The aim of the work is to describe this trend from two different perspectives and to provide a short-term forecast. In the theoretical sections, we give overview of the history of collective buying, basic terms from the field, and the current situation in the Czech Republic and worldwide. We continue with sections describing the operations of a specific company from the field, BonyBony, which entered the market in September 2010. Author of this thesis has been employed in the company since its founding. In these sections we describe basic operation of the company, marketing tools used and advantages over the competition. The future of companies dealing with collective buying is uncertain; many of them are in red numbers. The last part of this work therefore tries to project the short-term forecast for this company using expert view based on the data acquired from a survey.