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No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_acr_me_svic.pdf: 2255639 bytes, checksum: 7309d22b13dde72f7ce71c534d028c64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Acidificação oceânica, processo resultante das emissões de gás carbônico (CO2) na atmosfera pelas atividades de natureza antrópica, vem causando nas últimas décadas uma modificação no equilíbrio químico do sistema bicarbonato/carbonato e consequentemente uma diminuição do pH dos oceanos. Estimativas apontam que esta diminuição pode ser de 0,7 unidades até ano de 2300, o que pode afetar o crescimento, reprodução e até mesmo a sobrevivência das espécies. Nesse sentido, são necessários estudos que avaliem o impacto da acidificação oceânica ao nível fisiológico e molecular nas diferentes espécies marinhas. O siri Callinectes danae é um importante recurso ecológico e econômico da Região da Baixada Santista e habitante de diferentes faixas de salinidade. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da acidificação oceânica no siri C. danae sobre um conjunto de parâmetros fisiológicos (consumo de oxigênio, excreção de amônia, razão O:N, índice hepatossomático e capacidade osmo-e ionorregulatória da hemolinfa), e a expressão gênica da Na+/K+- ATPase, enzima importante no processo de osmorregulação e equilíbrio ácido base. Os animais foram mantidos em diferentes salinidades (20, 25, 30, 35 e 40) e nos pHs 8,0 (controle) e 7,3 (acidificado) por um período de três e trinta dias. Foi observado aumento no consumo de oxigênio nas salinidades 25 (3 dias), 20 e 40 (30 dias) provavelmente devido a uma maior necessidade energética para a manutenção de sistemas relacionado a regulação ácido-base. Também foi observada depressão metabólica na salinidade de 30 (30dias). A excreção de amônia sofreu redução nas salinidades 30 (3 dias), 25, 30 e 35 (30 dias) possivelmente devido a competição entre os transportadores Na+/H+ e Na+/NH+4. O índice hepatossomático teve aumento nas salinidades de 30 (3 dias) e 40 (30 dias) devido a uma possível necessidade acumulo de reservas em situações estressantes. O substrato energético e o padrão osmorregulatório permaneceram inalterados em todos os tratamentos. Já a concentração de Cl- e Na+ foram reduzidas nas salinidades de 25 e 35 (30dias), provavelmente devido a alguma alteração nos seus transportadores. Molecularmente, foi observada uma regulação da expressão da Na+/K+ ATPase, com diminuição nas salinidades de 35 e 40 (3 dias), e posterior aumento no período de 30 dias. O trabalho foi o primeiro a avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos e moleculares de C.danae em diferentes salinidades. Os animais que permaneceram por mais tempo sobre a exposição de alta pCO2 são mais afetados negativamente do que os animais que foram expostos em 3 dias. As alterações observadas podem indicar que apesar de C. danae ser um animal eurialino e habitar diferentes ambientes, a acidificação oceânica pode alterar seus padrões fisiológicos e moleculares, tirando os organismos de sua homeostase, tendo consequências no crescimento, no desenvolvimento e na distribuição da espécie. / Oceanic acidification, a process resulting from the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere by activities of anthropic nature, has been causing in recent decades a change in the chemical balance of the bicarbonate / carbonate system and consequently a decrease in the pH of the oceans. Estimates indicate that this decrease can be 0.7 units per year of 2300, which can affect the growth, reproduction and even survival of the species. In this sense, studies are needed to evaluate the impact of oceanic acidification on physiological and molecular levels in different marine species. The Callinectes danae crab is an important ecological and economic resource of the Region of the Baixada Santista and inhabitant of different ranges of salinity. The present study evaluated the effects of ocean acidification on C. danae crab on a set of physiological parameters (oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, O: N ratio, hepatosomatic index and osmo-and ionoregulatory capacity of hemolymph), and gene expression of Na + / K + - ATPase, an important enzyme in the process of osmoregulation and acid base balance. The animals were kept at different salinities (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40) and at pHs 8.0 (control) and 7.3 (acidified) for a period of three and thirty days. It was observed an increase in the oxygen consumption in salinities 25 (3 days), 20 and 40 (30 days) probably due to a greater energy requirement for the maintenance of systems related to acid-base regulation. Metabolic depression was also observed at the salinity of 30 (30 days). Ammonia excretion decreased in salinities 30 (3 days), 25, 30 and 35 (30 days) possibly due to competition between Na + / H + and Na + / NH + 4 transporters. The hepatosomatic index had an increase in salinities of 30 (3 days) and 40 (30 days) due to a possible accumulation of reserves in stressful situations. The energy substrate and the osmoregulatory pattern remained unchanged in all treatments. However, the Cl- and Na + concentrations were reduced at the salinity of 25 and 35 (30 days), probably due to some changes in their transporters. Molecularly, a regulation of Na + / K + ATPase expression was observed, with a decrease in salinities of 35 and 40 (3 days), and a subsequent increase in the period of 30 days. The work was the first to evaluate the physiological and molecular parameters of C.danae in different salinities. Animals that remained longer on exposure to high pCO2 are more negatively affected than animals that were exposed in 3 days. The observed changes may indicate that although C. danae is an eurialan animal and inhabits different environments, ocean acidification can alter its physiological and molecular patterns, taking organisms out of their homeostasis, having consequences on the growth, development and distribution of the species .

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloHCF_DISSERT.pdf: 1512576 bytes, checksum: ec50ef7eb7dc51a6d221e75854fea430 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-20 / This work had to verify the influence of massar?, while mortar component, in the process of formation of saltpeter in cementitious plaster walls of buildings. The massar? is a ceramic material, texture areno usually found in large volumes argillaceous sediments in Teresina, Piaui State capital, which is associated with the Portland cement mortar form for fixing and finishing in construction. Saltpeter or flowering is a pathology that happens in gypsum wallboard, which invariably reaction between soluble salts present in materials, water and oxygen. This pathology, supposedly credited to massar? caused its use to suffer significant reduction in the market of the buildings. Verify this situation with particular scientific rigor is part of the proposal of this work. Grading tests Were performed, consistency limits (LL, LP and IP), determination of potential hydrogen, capacity Exchange (CTC), electrical conductivity (EC), x-ray fluorescence (FRX) and x-ray diffraction (DRX). Massar? analysed samples in number six, including sample plastering salitrado presented potential hydrogen medium 5.7 in water and 5.2 on KCl n and electrical conductivity (EC), equal to zero. These results pointed to the affirmative that massar? is a material that does not provide salinity content that can be taken into consideration. It is therefore concluded that the material analyzed not competing, at least with respect to the presence of soluble salts, for the formation of saltpeter / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a influ?ncia do massar?, enquanto componente de argamassa, no processo de forma??o do salitre em rebocos de paredes de edifica??es. O massar? ? um material cer?mico, geralmente de textura areno argilosa encontrado em grandes volumes na cidade de Teresina, capital do Estado do Piaui, que associado ao cimento portland, forma argamassa para assentamento e para reboco na constru??o civil. O salitre ou floresc?ncia ? uma patologia que acontece nos rebocos, provindo, invariavelmente, da rea??o entre sais sol?veis presentes nos materiais, ?gua e oxig?nio. Esta patologia, supostamente creditada ao massar? fez com que seu uso sofresse redu??o significativa no mercado das edifica??es. Verificar esta situa??o com determinado rigor cient?fico faz parte da proposta deste trabalho. Foram executados ensaios de granulometria, limites de consist?ncia (LL, LP e IP), determina??o do potencial de hidrog?nio (pH), capacidade de troca de c?tions (CTC), condutividade el?trica (CE), fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX) e difra??o de raios X (DRX). As amostras de massar? analisadas, em n?mero de seis, inclusive amostra de reboco salitrado, apresentaram potencial de hidrog?nio (pH) m?dio igual a 5,7 em ?gua e 5,2 em KCl N e condutividade el?trica (CE), igual a zero. Estes resultados apontaram para a afirmativa que o massar? ? um material que n?o apresenta teor de salinidade que possa ser levado em considera??o. Conclui-se, portanto, que o material analisado n?o concorre, pelo menos com rela??o ? presen?a de sais sol?veis, para a forma??o do salitre

Chau, Kai Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-159). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter I --- Abstract --- p.i / Chapter II --- Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Chapter III --- Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter IV --- List of Figures --- p.xv / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature review --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Introduction / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Structure of Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Na+-K+ ATPase a subunit --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Na+-K+ ATPase β subunit --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1.4 --- Composition of the a subunit and β subunit --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1.5 --- Isomers of Na+-K+ ATPase --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1.6 --- Mechanism of ion exchange --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Aquaporins --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Structure of AQP-1 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Distribution and function of AQP-1 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Hormone --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Prolactin --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Structure of prolactin --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1.2. --- Functions of prolactin --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Growth hormone --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Structure --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Function of growth hormone --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Cortisol --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Structure --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Functions of cortisol --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Sparus sarba --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5 --- Urinary bladder of fish --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Effect of salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chronic effect of salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Fish --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Protein extraction and quantification --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Na+-K+ ATPase ATPase activity --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.1.5 --- RNA extraction and first strand cDNA synthesis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.1.6 --- Validation of semi-quantitative RT-PCR --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.1.7 --- Semi-quantification of expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Results --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Na+-K+ ATPase activity --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Relative expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in urinary bladder --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Chronic effect of salinity on Na+-K+ ATPase in urinary bladder --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Chronic effect of salinity on AQP-1 expression in urinary bladder --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of abrupt transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Materials and Methods --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Fish --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Effect of abrupt hypo-osmotic transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Effect of abrupt hyper-osmotic transfer on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of in vitro salinity on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Fish --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- Preparation of culture medium --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.1.4 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.1.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Results --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Discussion --- p.85 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.86 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Effect of hormones on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2 --- In vivo effect of hormones on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Material and method --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Fish --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Results / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Hormonal effect on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder of sea water adapted fish --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Hormonal effect on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder of brackish water adapted fish --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Discussion --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Effect of prolactin on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Effect of cortisol on mRNA expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and AQP-1 in urinary bladder --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3 --- In vitro effect of hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder of silver sea bream Sparus sarba --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Fish --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Tissue sampling --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Preparation of culture medium --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.1.4 --- "RNA extraction, first strand cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR" --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3.1.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Results --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Effect of prolactin on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Effect of cortisol on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Effect of prolactin on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Effect of growth hormone on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.125 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Effect of cortisol on the expression of Na+-K+ ATPase and aquaporin-1 in the urinary bladder --- p.127 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.129 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General Conclusions --- p.131 / References --- p.136

Resumo: planejamento mais eficaz do aproveitamento da água na agricultura, e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que permitam estimar volumes cada vez mais exatos para a melhor eficiência da irrigação, têm papel fundamental para se alcançar ótimas produções agrícolas, aliada a melhor qualidade. Nesse caso a exata determinação da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) é um ponto crucial para o uso eficiente da água, bem como pelo fato da atual escassez dos recursos hídricos, principalmente em regiões áridas e semi-áridas, fazendo com que se utilize da água salina para irrigação. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a evapotranspiração da melancia e melão, em diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e verificar seus efeitos no crescimento e na produção destas culturas. Para tanto foram realizados dois experimentos em campo, na Fazenda Experimental da Alagoinha pertencente a Universidade Federal Rural do SemiÁrido situada em Mossoró-RN, com melancia e posteriormente com melão, na mesma área, medindo 0,24 ha. Os níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação foram de S1=0,55, S2=1,65, S3=2,35, S4=3,5 e S5=4,5 dS m-1 para a melancia e S1=0,57, S2=1,65, S3=2,65, S4=3,45 e S5=4,5 dS m-1 para o melão. Os experimentos constaram de quatro blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, cada um dividido nos cinco níveis de salinidade e no caso do melão em mais três níveis de nitrogênio subdivididas em cada parcela de salinidade. Os níveis de nitrogênio aplicados no melão foram de 67,5%, 90% e ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The water agricultural used effective design and the developments of technologies to estimated irrigation water exact are important irrigation management. Once evapotranspiration culture determinations (ETc) is crucial for use efficient irrigation water and irrigation water salinity. The objectives this work were determined evapotranspiration of watermelon and melon, in different levels of irrigation water salinity and verify effects in growth and production of these cultures. Were conducted two experiments in field, watermelon and melon, in same area with 0,24 ha. The levels of irrigation water salinity were of S1=0.55, S2=1.65, S3=2.35, S4=3.5 and S5=4.5 dS m-1 for watermelon and S1=0.57, S2=1.65, S3=2.65, S4=3.45 and S5=4.5 dS m-1 for melon. The experiments was four randomized blocks with four replications, divided in five salinity levels and in the case of melon in more three levels of nitrogen subdivided. The levels of nitrogen applied were of 67.5%, 90% and 135% of the applied dose (92.5 kg ha-1). The determination of evapotranspiration reference (ETo) was realized by method Penmam-Monteith-FAO through from formulations by Allen et al. (2006), and the ETc readings from two weight lysimeters installed in S1 and S5. The results showed that ETc of watermelon decreases between S1 and S5 where the total evapotranspiration was 245 and 214 mm, respectively. In melon the ETc also decreased between the two salinities, but was observed reduction 0.56 for S1, and 0.22, 0.64, 0.98 and 0.40values for the S5 in the watermelon. In melon observed medium Kc of 0.14, 0.57, 1.13, 0.66 for S1, and 0.11, 0.34, 0.91 0.54 for the S5 respectively. These values of Kc are verified for S1 was larger than Kc recommended by FAO (Allen et al., 2006), excepting for stage initial and final of each culture, and smaller for the S5, so much for melon as watermelon. There wasn't significant ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: João Luis Zocoler / Coorientador: José Francismar de Medeiros / Banca: Antônio de Pádua Souza / Banca: João Carlos Cury Saad / Banca: Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez / Banca: Roberto Terumi Atarassi / Doutor

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Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv & Cons Biol) / Salicornia tegetaria is an endemic salt marsh macrophyte that is widely distributed in estuaries along the South African coast. The aims of the study were to understand the phylogeography of the species, compare the biomass allocation in two regions and to determine phenological patterns of S. tegetaria between the warm and cool temperate biogeographical regions. The phylogeography of S. tegetaria was studied using the noncoding chloroplast DNA region rpS16 and nuclear rDNA ITS region. Five samples each were collected from eighteen estuaries stretching from Orange River in the Northern Cape to Mngazana Estuary in the Eastern Cape. Above- and belowground biomass was collected and physico-chemical conditions measured at Olifants, Berg and Langebaan Estuaries in the cool temperate, and Heuningnes, Nahoon and Kwelera Estuaries in the warm temperate biogeographical regions. The growth and flowering phenology of S. tegetaria in relation to environmental conditions was investigated in the cool temperate Langebaan Estuarine Embayment and compared to findings in the warm temperate, permanently open Kowie Estuary. The physico-chemical gradient found between the cool and warm temperate biogeographical regions may be useful to study climate change effects on plant species. The comparison of similar habitats in each region may provide insight into how different climate regimes may affect biomass allocation and phenology.

Ce travail entre dans le cadre d’une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de réponse des crustacés au facteur salin. Nos travaux ont démontré que les abondances des copépodes et branchiopodes dans la saline de Sfax sont régulées principalement par les concentrations en sels et la température. Des expérimentations réalisées en laboratoire ont permis de déterminer les salinités optimales pour les trois espèces de copépodes majoritaires (Bryocamptus sp., Oithona nana, Pararcartia grani) et du branchiopode Artemia salina, Une approche biochimique focalisée sur A. salina a montré qu’il assurait son osmorégulation par l’utilisation de l’énergie dépendante de la gestion de ses stocks de protéines, glucides et lipides, et par la mise en œuvre de réponses physiologiques antioxydantes. Une étude exhaustive de la bibliographie a permis de monter que la pompe transmembranaire Na+/K+ ATPase est un élément clé de la gestion de l’osmolarité cellulaire. L’analyse des gènes, ARNm et protéines correspondants à sa sous unité alpha (primordiale pour la fonction) a révélé : i) l’existence d’un gène unique au sein des invertébrés (excepté pour les nématodes), ii) une grande diversité du nombre et de la longueur des introns, iii) un phénomène d’épissage alternatif, et iii) une conservation de domaines protéiques transmembranaires. Enfin, une étude comparative de l’activité de la Na+/K+ ATPase entre deux écrevisses Astacus astacus (espèce native d’Europe) et Procambarus clarkii (espèce invasive en Europe) a démontré que seule l’espèce invasive montrait une activité élevée lors de stress salin ; ce qui pourrait expliquer en partie son aptitude à coloniser des nouveaux milieux. / The aim of our investigations was to increase your understanding of the mechanisms of crustacean’s response to salinity changes. We revealed that, in the Sfax solar saltern, the copepods and branchiopod abundances are mainly regulated by salinity and temperature. Experiments in the laboratory allowed defining the optimum of salinity for the most abundant copepod species (Bryocamptus sp, Oithona nana, Pararcartia grani) and for the branchiopod Artemia salina. An biochemical approach focused on Artemia salina (euryhaline species) showed that he ensured his energy uptake for osmoregulation by the regulation of their internal protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents. In addition, antioxidative reactions are induced to compensate the physiological disruption. A review of bibliography allowed revealing that the transmembrane pump Na+/ K+ ATPase is primordial for the cellular osmolality regulation. The structural analyses of the gene, mRNA and proteins coding alpha subunit in invertebrates showed : i) the existence of a unique gene (except for nematodes), ii) variability in the number and length of introns, iii) an alternative splicing phenomen, and iiii) high conservation of the ten transmembrane protein domains. Finally, a comparative study of the activity Na+/K+ ATPase for two crayfish species (Astacus astacus, native European species; Procambarus clarkia, alien American species) during salt stress demonstrated that only the invasive species have high Na+/K+ ATPase activity; which can explain its ability to colonize various environments.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato DantasAlencar.pdf: 1100355 bytes, checksum: fb197906dfef81a47153f966d642d507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The monitoring/evaluation of the irrigation water hydrodynamic characteristics and quality from wells on area of the aquifer of the Jandaira formation limestone base is of great importance for the fruit crops of the Chapada do Apodi. With this objective an evaluation was carried out on the results of 50 complete analyses (ECw, pH and levels of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 - and CO3 2-) of water samples from several localities inserted in the municipalities of Mossoró-RN, Baraúna-RN and Aracati-CE, Northeast Brazil, collected at the end of the rainfall seasons and at the end of the dry seasons of 2005 and 2006. The values of salinity indexes, water composition and obstruction risk indexes were specific within localities and differentiated among localities, also with variations in function of the period of the year (rainfall season). The dynamic level of wells averaged 18m. Within the same locality the waters varied little with respect to salinity index, however, among the wells of the different localities variations were significant, with absolute values ranging from 1.15 to 4.41 dS m-1. The waters were of low, moderate and severe with regards to restriction due to chloride toxicity, which might affect the yield of sensitive and moderate sensitive crops. The analyses revealed also that the waters have low sodicity and high alkalinity indexes and present low to moderate obstruction risk / O monitoramento/avaliação das características hidrodinâmicas e qualidade da água de irrigação dos poços do aqüífero situado no calcário da formação Jandaíra é de grande importância para a fruticultura da Chapada do Apodi. Com esse objetivo realizou-se um trabalho utilizando os resultados de 50 análises completas (CEa, pH e níveis de Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 - e CO3 2-) de amostras d água de diversas localidades, inseridas nos municípios de Mossoró-RN, Baraúna-RN e Aracati-CE, coletadas nos períodos de pós chuvas e final da estiagem dos anos de 2005 e 2006. As localidades apresentaram valores de salinidade, composição da água e riscos de obstrução específicos e diferenciados, com variações também em função da época do ano (chuvas). Os poços apresentaram nível dinâmico médio de 18 m. Dentro da mesma localidade, as águas apresentaram pequena variabilidade no índice de salinidade, no entanto, entre os poços das diferentes localidades ocorreram variações significativas, verificando-se valores absolutos entre 1,15 e 4,41 dS m-1. As águas indicaram ligeira, moderada e severa restrição devido à toxidade do cloreto, podendo afetar o rendimento das culturas sensíveis a moderadamente sensíveis. As análises revelaram também existir baixa sodicidade e elevada alcalinidade, com todas as águas apresentando ligeiro a moderado risco de obstrução. Considerando a tolerância das culturas à salinidade, há necessidade de se selecionar espécies diferentes para ser cultivada em cada localidade e em função método de irrigação que irá ser adotado

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato DantasAlencar.pdf: 1100355 bytes, checksum: fb197906dfef81a47153f966d642d507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The monitoring/evaluation of the irrigation water hydrodynamic characteristics and quality from wells on area of the aquifer of the Jandaira formation limestone base is of great importance for the fruit crops of the Chapada do Apodi. With this objective an evaluation was carried out on the results of 50 complete analyses (ECw, pH and levels of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 - and CO3 2-) of water samples from several localities inserted in the municipalities of Mossoró-RN, Baraúna-RN and Aracati-CE, Northeast Brazil, collected at the end of the rainfall seasons and at the end of the dry seasons of 2005 and 2006. The values of salinity indexes, water composition and obstruction risk indexes were specific within localities and differentiated among localities, also with variations in function of the period of the year (rainfall season). The dynamic level of wells averaged 18m. Within the same locality the waters varied little with respect to salinity index, however, among the wells of the different localities variations were significant, with absolute values ranging from 1.15 to 4.41 dS m-1. The waters were of low, moderate and severe with regards to restriction due to chloride toxicity, which might affect the yield of sensitive and moderate sensitive crops. The analyses revealed also that the waters have low sodicity and high alkalinity indexes and present low to moderate obstruction risk / O monitoramento/avaliação das características hidrodinâmicas e qualidade da água de irrigação dos poços do aqüífero situado no calcário da formação Jandaíra é de grande importância para a fruticultura da Chapada do Apodi. Com esse objetivo realizou-se um trabalho utilizando os resultados de 50 análises completas (CEa, pH e níveis de Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 - e CO3 2-) de amostras d água de diversas localidades, inseridas nos municípios de Mossoró-RN, Baraúna-RN e Aracati-CE, coletadas nos períodos de pós chuvas e final da estiagem dos anos de 2005 e 2006. As localidades apresentaram valores de salinidade, composição da água e riscos de obstrução específicos e diferenciados, com variações também em função da época do ano (chuvas). Os poços apresentaram nível dinâmico médio de 18 m. Dentro da mesma localidade, as águas apresentaram pequena variabilidade no índice de salinidade, no entanto, entre os poços das diferentes localidades ocorreram variações significativas, verificando-se valores absolutos entre 1,15 e 4,41 dS m-1. As águas indicaram ligeira, moderada e severa restrição devido à toxidade do cloreto, podendo afetar o rendimento das culturas sensíveis a moderadamente sensíveis. As análises revelaram também existir baixa sodicidade e elevada alcalinidade, com todas as águas apresentando ligeiro a moderado risco de obstrução. Considerando a tolerância das culturas à salinidade, há necessidade de se selecionar espécies diferentes para ser cultivada em cada localidade e em função método de irrigação que irá ser adotado

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2016-11-17T14:28:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexRF_DISSERT.pdf: 1133764 bytes, checksum: 8e61e6e8abd029e3d77b37b914fbc39a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-15T15:00:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexRF_DISSERT.pdf: 1133764 bytes, checksum: 8e61e6e8abd029e3d77b37b914fbc39a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-15T15:00:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexRF_DISSERT.pdf: 1133764 bytes, checksum: 8e61e6e8abd029e3d77b37b914fbc39a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T14:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexRF_DISSERT.pdf: 1133764 bytes, checksum: 8e61e6e8abd029e3d77b37b914fbc39a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of melon accessions to salinity. Thirteen accessions and three commercial hybrids in four saline conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications and the plot of a row of eight plants spaced 2.0 x 0.4 m. The environments are differentiated as the electrical conductivity of irrigation water, and set four salt levels (S1: 0.91 dS m-1, S2: 2.14 dS m -1, S3: 2.90 dS m-1, and S4: 3.92 dS m-1). The variables analyzed were: average fruit weight, number of fruits, productivity, pulp thickness, firmness of soluble solids and pulp. We utilized the GGE Biplot methodology for identifying adaptability and stability genotypes. We used the production efficiency index to identify tolerant genotypes salinity. Accessions A-29, A-50, A-13, A-14, A-39, Najd I and A-7 are tolerant to salinity and have features such as prolificacy, pulp thickness and firmness pulp for use in breeding programs or as rootstock for cultivation in high salinity conditions / O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de acessos de melão a salinidade. Foram avaliados 13 acessos e três híbridos comerciais em quatro condições salinas em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições sendo a parcela constituída por uma linha de oito plantas no espaçamento 2,0 x 0,4 m. Os ambientes se diferenciaram quanto à condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação, sendo definidos quatro níveis salinos (S1 = 0,91 dS m-1, 2,14 dS m -1, 2,90 dS m-1 e 3,92 dS m-1). As variáveis analisadas foram: peso médio do fruto, número de frutos, produtividade, espessura da polpa, firmeza da polpa e sólidos solúveis. Utilizou-se a metodologia GGE Biplot para identificar os genótipos adaptados e estáveis. Também se utilizou o índice de eficiência de produção para classificar os acessos quanto à tolerância à salinidade. Os acessos/cultivares A-29, A-50, A-13, A-14, A-39, Najd I e A-7 são tolerantes à salinidade e possuem características como prolificidade, espessura da polpa e firmeza da polpa para serem utilizados em programas de melhoramento genético ou como porta-enxertos para cultivo em condições de salinidade elevada / 2016-11-17