Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 387338 bytes, checksum: c7ba4433f541486a97f6a8792bc2d0c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-05 / The study aimed to determine the best interaction between base saturation (V%) and phosphorus in the implementation of the maize crop in the West Paulista in sandy soils. The study was carried out in a greenhouse in pots at the Faculty of Agronomy, University of Oeste Paulista, UNOESTE during the months of September 2009 to January 2010. The soil was an Ultisol typical dystrophic red-yellow. The experiment was conducted with the use of two base saturation levels, V% 40 (original soil) and 70% V (corrected with lime), as well as the fertilization of five doses of phosphorus, 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg dm-3. We evaluated the phosphorus in the soil by the method of anion exchange resin method and the remainder of the match, but the plant through foliar analysis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and adjusted linear regression equations for the effect of V%, the doses of phosphorus and the interaction between them. Treatment with lime at a dose of 100 mg dm-3 phosphate gave the highest content of soluble phosphorus in the soil. For parts which are used limestone, all doses of phosphorus was higher than the portion where it was treated with lime. Treatments that had higher phosphorus content remaining doses were 75 and 100 mg dm-3from match for treatments with and without liming. The higher the dose of phosphorus, the higher the content of the element accumulated in the dry matter. For the soils of the region, the use of limestone associated with phosphorus, it was evident that at doses between 50 and 100 mg dm-3 show satisfactory results. Liming resulted in an increase in dry matter production of corn and phosphorus soluble in the soil. The levels of phosphorus increased the levels of soluble phosphorus and phosphorus remaining in the presence and absence of liming. In the absence of liming doses increased the phosphorus content of phosphorus in the plant, while the calcium in the plant were higher with the dose of 75 mg dm-3 of P2O5 in the presence and absence of liming. / O trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a melhor interação entre saturação por bases (V%) e adubação fosfatada na implantação da cultura do milho no Oeste Paulista em solos arenosos. O estudo foi conduzido em Casa-de-Vegetação, em vasos, na Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade do Oeste Paulista, UNOESTE, durante os meses de setembro de 2009 a janeiro de 2010. O solo utilizado foi um argissolo vermelho-amarelo distrófico típico. O experimento foi realizado com a utilização de duas saturações por bases, V% 40 (solo original) e V% 70 (corrigido com a calagem), como também a adubação de cinco doses de fósforo, sendo 0, 25, 50, 75, e 100 mg dm-3. Foi avaliado o fósforo no solo pelo método da resina trocadora de ânions e pelo método do fósforo remanescente, como também na planta através de análise foliar. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ajustados as equações de regressão linear para o efeito de V%, das doses de fósforo e da interação entre ambos. O tratamento com calcário, na dose de 100 mg dm-3 de fósforo proporcionou o maior teor de fósforo solúvel no solo. Para as parcelas que foram utilizado calcário, todas as doses de fósforo encontrado foi maior que a parcela onde não recebeu calcário. Os tratamentos que apresentaram maior teor de fósforo remanescente foram com doses de 75 e 100 mg dm-3de fósforo, para os tratamentos com e sem a calagem. Quanto maior a dose de fósforo, maior o teor do elemento acumulado na matéria seca. Para os solos da região, a utilização do calcário associado ao fósforo, ficou evidenciado que nas doses entre 50 e 100 mg dm-3 apresentam resultados satisfatórios. A calagem proporcionou aumento na produção de massa seca do milho e nos teores de fósforo solúvel no solo. As doses de fósforo elevaram os teores de fósforo solúvel e fósforo remanescente na presença e na ausência da calagem. Na ausência da calagem as doses de fósforo elevaram os teores de fósforo na planta, enquanto que os teores de cálcio na planta foram maiores com a dose de 75 mg dm-3 de P2O5 na presença e ausência da calagem.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 387338 bytes, checksum: c7ba4433f541486a97f6a8792bc2d0c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-05 / The study aimed to determine the best interaction between base saturation (V%) and phosphorus in the implementation of the maize crop in the West Paulista in sandy soils. The study was carried out in a greenhouse in pots at the Faculty of Agronomy, University of Oeste Paulista, UNOESTE during the months of September 2009 to January 2010. The soil was an Ultisol typical dystrophic red-yellow. The experiment was conducted with the use of two base saturation levels, V% 40 (original soil) and 70% V (corrected with lime), as well as the fertilization of five doses of phosphorus, 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg dm-3. We evaluated the phosphorus in the soil by the method of anion exchange resin method and the remainder of the match, but the plant through foliar analysis. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and adjusted linear regression equations for the effect of V%, the doses of phosphorus and the interaction between them. Treatment with lime at a dose of 100 mg dm-3 phosphate gave the highest content of soluble phosphorus in the soil. For parts which are used limestone, all doses of phosphorus was higher than the portion where it was treated with lime. Treatments that had higher phosphorus content remaining doses were 75 and 100 mg dm-3from match for treatments with and without liming. The higher the dose of phosphorus, the higher the content of the element accumulated in the dry matter. For the soils of the region, the use of limestone associated with phosphorus, it was evident that at doses between 50 and 100 mg dm-3 show satisfactory results. Liming resulted in an increase in dry matter production of corn and phosphorus soluble in the soil. The levels of phosphorus increased the levels of soluble phosphorus and phosphorus remaining in the presence and absence of liming. In the absence of liming doses increased the phosphorus content of phosphorus in the plant, while the calcium in the plant were higher with the dose of 75 mg dm-3 of P2O5 in the presence and absence of liming. / O trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a melhor interação entre saturação por bases (V%) e adubação fosfatada na implantação da cultura do milho no Oeste Paulista em solos arenosos. O estudo foi conduzido em Casa-de-Vegetação, em vasos, na Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade do Oeste Paulista, UNOESTE, durante os meses de setembro de 2009 a janeiro de 2010. O solo utilizado foi um argissolo vermelho-amarelo distrófico típico. O experimento foi realizado com a utilização de duas saturações por bases, V% 40 (solo original) e V% 70 (corrigido com a calagem), como também a adubação de cinco doses de fósforo, sendo 0, 25, 50, 75, e 100 mg dm-3. Foi avaliado o fósforo no solo pelo método da resina trocadora de ânions e pelo método do fósforo remanescente, como também na planta através de análise foliar. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ajustados as equações de regressão linear para o efeito de V%, das doses de fósforo e da interação entre ambos. O tratamento com calcário, na dose de 100 mg dm-3 de fósforo proporcionou o maior teor de fósforo solúvel no solo. Para as parcelas que foram utilizado calcário, todas as doses de fósforo encontrado foi maior que a parcela onde não recebeu calcário. Os tratamentos que apresentaram maior teor de fósforo remanescente foram com doses de 75 e 100 mg dm-3de fósforo, para os tratamentos com e sem a calagem. Quanto maior a dose de fósforo, maior o teor do elemento acumulado na matéria seca. Para os solos da região, a utilização do calcário associado ao fósforo, ficou evidenciado que nas doses entre 50 e 100 mg dm-3 apresentam resultados satisfatórios. A calagem proporcionou aumento na produção de massa seca do milho e nos teores de fósforo solúvel no solo. As doses de fósforo elevaram os teores de fósforo solúvel e fósforo remanescente na presença e na ausência da calagem. Na ausência da calagem as doses de fósforo elevaram os teores de fósforo na planta, enquanto que os teores de cálcio na planta foram maiores com a dose de 75 mg dm-3 de P2O5 na presença e ausência da calagem.

Athletic field rootzones are often sand-based for improved drainage. Sand-based rootzones may have stability issues if turfgrass is not fully established. Our objective was to use organic amendments to improve the stability of sand-based fields during the turfgrass establishment period and avoid overuse of inorganic materials, which have negative effects. We tested coconut coir, peat and wheat straw at 1% organic material, peat at 2% organic material, and an inorganic stabilizing fiber, StaLok, in the top 10 cm of the rootzone. Surface hardness, volumetric water content, traction, penetration resistance and visual quality were measured 2 to 4 months after construction of the plots. Surface hardness was greatest in the inorganic stabilizer and the wheat straw treatments. The kinetic penetration had no differences between the wheat straw (33.78-51.10 kPa) and the StaLok fibers (34.99-56.23 kPa). Wheat straw could be used to stabilize sand-based fields as an organic alternative to inorganic fibers.

Floods affect millions of people each year, with increasing frequency in the past decades. Floods, as any other natural phenomena, do not take place in a vacuum. Their impacts are modulated by the socioeconomic environments they affect, which are far from homogeneous and oftentimes characterized by deep disparities and inequalities. Ensuring sustainable development in a world where climate change is forecasted to increase the frequency and severity of flooding requires a nuanced understanding of these interactions between natural and socioeconomic systems. This dissertation sheds light on the impacts of flooding on economic outcomes of interest in two contrasting settings. First, Chapters 1 and 2 focus on the effects of flooding as a natural disaster in a developed country, the United States. Using evidence from Hurricane Sandy in 2012, these chapters explore how different neighborhoods, with different characteristics, responded to flooding. They conclude that heterogeneous responses led to an increased polarization along property value, racial, and income lines among neighborhoods. Then, Chapter 3 investigates the effects of seasonal flooding in the Malian Sahel. Unlike the previous setting, flooding brings about positive outcomes in this context, as livelihoods in this arid region are heavily dependent on surface water for agriculture. This chapter shows that lower seasonal flooding increases infant mortality. Thus, it provides evidence on the sort of long-term consequences that could affect low-income households after suffering short-lived resources shocks. Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of the heterogeneous impacts of flooding. Increased awareness of these impacts would be key to formulate successful post-flood responses and policies to ensure future sustainable development.

Tomato and lettuce are amongst the most important fresh vegetables used in South Africa. However, growth, yield and quality of tomato and lettuce are constrained by water shortage and poor productivity of sandy soil. In South Africa, large parts of the agricultural land are in a semi-arid region and water is becoming scarcer and more costly. Recognizing the fundamental importance of water-holding amendments like gel-polymers to enhance water use efficiency and soil physical properties, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of pure gel-polymer and fertiliser-fused gel-polymer soil amendments across five irrigation intervals on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The response of tomato growth, yield and quality to irrigation interval and gel-polymer soil amendments (pure gel-polymer and fertiliser fused gel-polymer) was conducted in a tunnel. The gel-polymer treatments were: control (sandy soil), two pure gel-polymer levels (8 and 16 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 400 g and 800 g-m-3) and two fertiliser fused gel-polymer levels (20 and 40 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 1 kg and 2 kg-m-3). Irrigation was either applied once daily or every second, third, fourth or fifth day, equivalent to 0.8, 1.25, 1.45, 1.88 and 2.29 L of water per 20 L bag of sand. Fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit number, plant height, stem diameter, number of trusses, root fresh and dry mass, total soluble solids, fruit juice pH and titratable acidity were determined. Neither irrigation interval nor gel-polymer amendments had an influence on tomato quality (total soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity). Generally, plant yield, height, stem diameter, number of trusses, and root fresh and dry mass were increased with gel-polymer amendments compared to pure sandy soil. Regardless of irrigation interval, both fertilizer-fused gel-polymer levels appeared to be effective in improving plant growth and yield compared to pure gel-polymer, which gave good results only at the higher level of application. The study revealed that gel-polymer amendments increased productivity of tomato on a sandy soil. Similarly, the response of lettuce growth, yield and quality to gel-polymers and irrigation intervals was investigated under a tunnel conditions. The gel-polymer treatments were: control, two pure gel-polymer levels (4 and 8 g-10 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 400 g and 800 g-m-3) and two fertilizer-fused gel-polymer levels (10 and 20 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 1 kg and 2 kg-m-3). Irrigation was either applied daily or every second, third, fourth or fifth day, equivalent to 0.63, 0.83, 1.04, 1.25 and 1.46 L per 10 L plastic bags. Measurements were made of fresh head mass, head height, head circumference, head diameter, stem diameter, fresh root mass, dry root mass and dry head mass. The dried head samples were analysed for percentage tissue calcium and nitrogen. Lettuce grown on sandy soil amended with higher level of pure gel-polymer (Stock 8) and both fertiliser fused gel-polymer levels (Aqua 10 and 20) resulted in significantly higher fresh and dry head mass, head circumference, head diameter, head height, stem diameter, and fresh and dry root mass as compared to low level of pure gel-polymer (Stock 4) and sandy soil without gel-polymer (control). All irrigation intervals did not have an effect on growth, yield and quality of lettuce except at irrigation interval of every third day, which significantly lowered head circumference. Gel-polymer did not have a significant effect on percentage calcium and nitrogen concentration in the leaf tissue. Growing lettuce in soil amended with higher pure gel-polymer (Stock 8) level and both fertiliser-fused gel-polymer (Aqua 20 and Aqua 40) would likely be economically advantageous for a grower due to improved growth and higher yield of good quality lettuce. / Dissertation (MSc (Horticulture))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Where people go between evacuation and recovery remains an understudied aspect of disaster research. Whether experiencing multiple displacements, permanent displacement, or undergoing recovery in a damaged dwelling, the spatial and temporal dimensions of disaster displacement can have direct impacts on the recovery experiences of survivors. Pulling from focus group data gathered in 2017 from Hurricane Sandy survivors in New Jersey, this qualitative research focuses on the experiences of those who recovered in-situ, or within their damaged dwelling following the storm, and the various ways this non-displacement impacted their recovery. A content analysis following a grounded theory approach produced the emergent themes of the in-situ experience, including: a lack of suitable shelter, an exposure to secondary hazards, and an inability to achieve satisfactory emotional recovery. This study contributes to the growing body of literature surrounding recovery experiences, and it introduces valuable insights into the challenges that survivors face while recovering in-situ.

Older adults are encountering harsh recovery after disasters, and compounding this problem is the lack of research on older adults' perceptions on disaster preparedness as aging affects the ability to react to emergency situations. To partially address that gap, the purpose of this general qualitative research study was to use Rotter's spectrum of locus of control theory to examine the level of preparation regarding disaster preparation of older adults who were living independently in single-family homes in a state affected by Hurricane Sandy. Data were collected through a qualitative survey distributed to adults aged 65 to 80-years (N=88) and publicly available documents from federal and state emergency management agencies. These data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings identified 3 themes that consisted of (a) delayed acceptance, (b) defective instinct, and, (c) unexpected effects of disasters. This study contributes to social change by helping emergency management officials understand the deficiencies in preparedness by an aging population which may in turn improve the quality of life for older adults by stressing proper preparation for sheltering in place or evacuation in the event of a disaster.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 160-167. / by Mark David Bucknam. / M.S.

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