Die Kopien der "Madonna mit der Nelke" von Raffael (Madonna dei garofani, Madonna of the Pinks) werden erstmals recherchiert und untersucht. Die Grundlage der Arbeit bilden 126 Gemälde, 16 Stiche und eine Zeichnung, um der Frage nachzugehen, ob es sich bei dem Gemälde in der National Gallery in London wirklich um ein Originalwerk Raffaels handelt, worin sich das Londoner Werk von den Kopien unterscheidet. Ferner werden die Unterschiede und die Qualität der Kopien dargestellt, um auf eine eventuelle gemeinsame Vorlage zu schließen und Anhaltspunkte für weitere Versionen der "Madonna mit der Nelke" von Raffael zu erhalten. Die Recherchen und Untersuchungen zu den einzelnen Kopien erfolgte im Katalog. / For the first time the copies of Raphael's "Madonna of the Pinks" have been researched and examined.The basic elements of this work are 126 paintings, 16 engravings and one drawing in order to find out,firstly,if the painting in the National Gallery in London is really an original work by Raphael and,secondly,to show how the painting in London differs from its copies. Moreover the differences and the qualities of the copies are discussed so that a conclusion could,perhaps,be made with regard to a common picture in order to find out about clues for another version of Raphael's "Madonna of the Pinks". The research work and the examination of the respective copies are discussed/shown(?)in the catalogue.

Esta dissertação de mestrado se propõe a apresentar um estudo sobre o texto conhecido como Carta de Rafael -Castiglione a Leão X e suas implicações. Durante três anos tivemos a oportunidade e o prazer de recolher, junto ao Professor Dr. Luciano Migliaccio, uma série preciosa de textos que tinham por objeto de estudo a chamada Carta a Leão X. Segundo Christof Thoenes, a Carta constitui o prefácio em forma de dedicatória de uma Planta de Roma elaborada por Rafael, isto é, um corpus de levantamentos e de reconstruções gráficas dos edifícios da Roma antiga. A sua autoria nos leva aos maiores nomes do Renascimento italiano, uma vez que o documento é de grande interesse para muitos campos diferentes como os da história da arquitetura e da urbanística, da história das teorias e da didática da arquitetura, da história do desenho arquitetônico, seja no sentido técnico-prático (por exemplo, o emprego da bússola no levantamento dos edifícios) seja no teórico (o problema da representação sobre o plano dos objetos tridimensionais), mas também da história dos estudos antiquários e da arqueologia. Além disso, trata-se de um documento fundamental dentro do programa político do Papado de Leão X no inicio do Cinqüecento. Este texto, encontrado em três versões, foi exaustivamente estudado, permitindo várias leituras, e depois da publicação de Francesco Di Teodoro, teve a questão da datação e autoria praticamente esclarecidas. Quanto à autoria, trata -se de um produto coletivo, pois a carta foi escrita em nome de Rafael mas o rascunho é da mão de Baldassare Castiglione, assim como o estilo e também grande parte dos pensamentos expressos no texto sobre a antiguidade, sobre os monumentos, sua tutela e sua história. A nós foi de grande interesse compreender que a Carta seria o prefácio de um projeto ainda maior do papa Leão X que pretendia, através do trabalho de Rafael e do desenvolvimento das técnicas de ilustração e da gravura, apresentar a Roma antiga em um livro ilustrado, isto é , um Atlas da cidade. Essa propaganda ao mundo da imagem da Roma Imperial como sede legítima da Igreja estaria, portanto, associada à valorização do papel de Leão X na tutela dos monumentos antigos; no entanto , isto não deve ser interpretado como uma reconstrução material dos edifícios, mas uma proposta de conservá -los na memória por meio de uma reconstrução gráfica, antes do seu total desaparecimento. / The purpose of this dissertation is to present a study about the text kn own as Letter of Rafael - Castiglione to Pope Leo X and its implications. During three years, we have had the pleasure and opportunity to obtain from Professor Luciano Migliaccio a series of precious texts which had the objective of studying the so calle d Letter of Leo X. According to Christof Thoenes, the letter establishes a preface, in the form of a dedication of a Blueprint of Rome , elaborated by Rafael. That is, a corpus of settings and graphic reconstruction of the buildings of ancient Rome. His authorship takes us to the greatest names of the Italian Renaissance, once the document is of great interest to various fields, such as, history of architecture, urbanism, the history of the theories and didactics of architecture and the history of architectural design, whether in a technical -practical manner (the use of the compass, for instance, in constructing buildings), or in theory (the significance of three dimensional objects in the plan), as well as the history of antiquary and archeological stud ies. In addition to this, the document is fundamental inside the political program of the papacy of Pope Leo X, in the beginning of the XVI th century. This text, which can be found in three versions, was studied exhaustively, enabling various readings and, after the publication of Francesco Di Teodoro, it had its dating and paternity practically clarified. As for the paternity, the letter was signed in name of Rafael, however it is the result of a collective job the draft, the style, along with a great deal of the thoughts expressed about antiquity, the monuments, their custody and history, were the work of Baldassare Castiglione. It was of great interest to us to comprehend that this letter was the preface of an even greater project of Pope Leo X who inten ded, through the work of Rafael and the development of illustration and engraving techniques, to present ancient Rome in an illustrated book, that is, a map of the city. This advertisement to the world of the image of Imperial Rome as the legitimate headquarters of the church would therefore be associated to the valorization of the role of Pope Leo X as tutor of ancient monuments. However, this should not be interpreted as a material reconstruction of the buildings, but as a proposal to maintain their memor y by means of graphic reconstruction, before their complete disappearance.

Esta dissertação de mestrado se propõe a apresentar um estudo sobre o texto conhecido como Carta de Rafael -Castiglione a Leão X e suas implicações. Durante três anos tivemos a oportunidade e o prazer de recolher, junto ao Professor Dr. Luciano Migliaccio, uma série preciosa de textos que tinham por objeto de estudo a chamada Carta a Leão X. Segundo Christof Thoenes, a Carta constitui o prefácio em forma de dedicatória de uma Planta de Roma elaborada por Rafael, isto é, um corpus de levantamentos e de reconstruções gráficas dos edifícios da Roma antiga. A sua autoria nos leva aos maiores nomes do Renascimento italiano, uma vez que o documento é de grande interesse para muitos campos diferentes como os da história da arquitetura e da urbanística, da história das teorias e da didática da arquitetura, da história do desenho arquitetônico, seja no sentido técnico-prático (por exemplo, o emprego da bússola no levantamento dos edifícios) seja no teórico (o problema da representação sobre o plano dos objetos tridimensionais), mas também da história dos estudos antiquários e da arqueologia. Além disso, trata-se de um documento fundamental dentro do programa político do Papado de Leão X no inicio do Cinqüecento. Este texto, encontrado em três versões, foi exaustivamente estudado, permitindo várias leituras, e depois da publicação de Francesco Di Teodoro, teve a questão da datação e autoria praticamente esclarecidas. Quanto à autoria, trata -se de um produto coletivo, pois a carta foi escrita em nome de Rafael mas o rascunho é da mão de Baldassare Castiglione, assim como o estilo e também grande parte dos pensamentos expressos no texto sobre a antiguidade, sobre os monumentos, sua tutela e sua história. A nós foi de grande interesse compreender que a Carta seria o prefácio de um projeto ainda maior do papa Leão X que pretendia, através do trabalho de Rafael e do desenvolvimento das técnicas de ilustração e da gravura, apresentar a Roma antiga em um livro ilustrado, isto é , um Atlas da cidade. Essa propaganda ao mundo da imagem da Roma Imperial como sede legítima da Igreja estaria, portanto, associada à valorização do papel de Leão X na tutela dos monumentos antigos; no entanto , isto não deve ser interpretado como uma reconstrução material dos edifícios, mas uma proposta de conservá -los na memória por meio de uma reconstrução gráfica, antes do seu total desaparecimento. / The purpose of this dissertation is to present a study about the text kn own as Letter of Rafael - Castiglione to Pope Leo X and its implications. During three years, we have had the pleasure and opportunity to obtain from Professor Luciano Migliaccio a series of precious texts which had the objective of studying the so calle d Letter of Leo X. According to Christof Thoenes, the letter establishes a preface, in the form of a dedication of a Blueprint of Rome , elaborated by Rafael. That is, a corpus of settings and graphic reconstruction of the buildings of ancient Rome. His authorship takes us to the greatest names of the Italian Renaissance, once the document is of great interest to various fields, such as, history of architecture, urbanism, the history of the theories and didactics of architecture and the history of architectural design, whether in a technical -practical manner (the use of the compass, for instance, in constructing buildings), or in theory (the significance of three dimensional objects in the plan), as well as the history of antiquary and archeological stud ies. In addition to this, the document is fundamental inside the political program of the papacy of Pope Leo X, in the beginning of the XVI th century. This text, which can be found in three versions, was studied exhaustively, enabling various readings and, after the publication of Francesco Di Teodoro, it had its dating and paternity practically clarified. As for the paternity, the letter was signed in name of Rafael, however it is the result of a collective job the draft, the style, along with a great deal of the thoughts expressed about antiquity, the monuments, their custody and history, were the work of Baldassare Castiglione. It was of great interest to us to comprehend that this letter was the preface of an even greater project of Pope Leo X who inten ded, through the work of Rafael and the development of illustration and engraving techniques, to present ancient Rome in an illustrated book, that is, a map of the city. This advertisement to the world of the image of Imperial Rome as the legitimate headquarters of the church would therefore be associated to the valorization of the role of Pope Leo X as tutor of ancient monuments. However, this should not be interpreted as a material reconstruction of the buildings, but as a proposal to maintain their memor y by means of graphic reconstruction, before their complete disappearance.

[pt] O sagrado refere-se ao que está relacionado ao divino, ao culto. As imagens também fazem parte do universo do sagrado. Durante a Idade Média e no movimento do Renascimento, o simbolismo que a religiosidade representa exerce significativa força no cotidiano. No movimento renascentista, a produção de imagens religiosas se intensificou, esse aumento indica uma intencionalidade da religião predominante no período. Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar as relações do mecenato da Igreja Católica em relação à duas pinturas produzidas pelo pintor Rafael Sanzio, do renascimento italiano. A força, a subjetividade, a potência de afetação são alguns dos elementos presentes nas imagens com a temática religiosa que precisam ser considerados como fundamentais para a compreensão da representação, funcionalidade e intenção das imagens. / [en] The sacred refers to what is related to the divine, to worship. The images are also part of the universe of the sacred. During the Middle Age and in the Renaissance movement, the symbolism that religiosity represents exerts significant force in everyday life. In the Renaissance movement, the production of religious images intensified and the increase indicates an intentionality of the predominant religion in that period. This work proposes to analyze the relations between the patronage of the Catholic Church and two paintings by the painter Rafael Sanzio, which was an artist of the Italian renaissance. The strength, subjectivity and power are some of the elements presented in the images with the religious theme, which must be considered as fundamental for the understanding of the representation, functionality and intention of the images.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 116008.pdf: 425836 bytes, checksum: eef24835bf08e94d2a0c29d05c76f67b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study examines the articulation between artistic creation, pedagogy of theatre and actor training as explored at Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, an italian theatre company. Some works, artistic processes as well as laboratories are analysed in order to understand the connection between theatre pedagogy and contemporary theatre through works created by Romeo Castellucci, Chiara Guidi and Claudia Castellucci. It discusses the role played by infancy in the company s path, due to the specific way children are involved in this process which takes advantage of the way they see the world and art. In the first part of this study the Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio s work is presented. Artistic and pedagogic practices developed by the company are examined in the second part, which reveals in turn the specificity of the work created by the company s founders. The third part analyses creative processes through direct observation, during a field study in Italy. The fourth part relates the material provided in the previous chapters. To sum up, this study recognizes that one of the peculiarities of the work produced by Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio is associated with the weakening the limits between acting background and theatre pedagogy, between acting experience and learning processes, between acting and reception. These characteristics contribute to the emergence of a new approach to theatre knowledge, in which procedures, dispositives, strategies and theatre pedagogy are deeply intertwined. / Este estudo aborda as articulações entre a criação artística, o ensino do teatro e a formação do ator nas práticas artísticas da companhia teatral italiana Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, tendo como eixo principal questões relativas à percepção, à experiência e à materialidade do corpo. Algumas obras, processos artísticos e laboratórios são analisados com o intuito de entender tais articulações nos trabalhos de Romeo Castellucci, Chiara Guidi e Claudia Castellucci. Este estudo discute também o papel de destaque da infância no percurso da companhia, devido ao modo particular da criança de estar em cena e de ver o mundo e a arte. A primeira parte do trabalho consiste em uma breve apresentação do trabalho da Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio. No segundo capítulo, as práticas artísticas e pedagógicas abordadas evidenciam a peculiaridade dos trabalhos de cada um dos membros fundadores da companhia. O terceiro capítulo aborda obras, laboratórios e processos criativos observados no Teatro Comandini, em Cesena (Itália), sede da companhia. O quarto capítulo busca articular os conteúdos que emergiram das práticas observadas, descritas e analisadas nos capítulos precedentes. Este estudo reconhece que a peculiaridade do trabalho realizado pela Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio está em borrar os limites entre a experiência cênica e o processo de aprendizagem, entre a atuação e a fruição, entre a criação artística e a produção de saberes. Estas características contribuem para um novo pensamento sobre o ensino do teatro e a formação do ator, no qual haja articulações e contaminações entre os procedimento, mecanismos e estratégias da pedagogia do teatro e do teatro contemporâneo.

This study addresses the theatre of Romeo Castellucci’s group, the Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, and its director’s engagement with visual arts. In particular, the study analyses the tenth episode M#10 Marseille of Castellucci’s major production Tragedia Endogonidia, a work composed of 11 episodes, each dealing with a European capital. Using the notion of intermediality, this thesis demonstrates how an intermedial performance integrates questions and principles connected with visual arts within the framework of a new concept of performance called ‘interformance’. The author introduces Henk Oosterling’s definition of intermediality where he uses Derrida’s theory of différance to explain the notion as a back and forth movement created by the interaction of media whose differences produce tension within the spectators. This tension suspends and postpones the audience’s meaning generation, thus opening the possibility of a multiplicity of meanings. As a result, the meaning of an interformance directly depends on the interrelationship of media and the subjectivity of the spectator.

This study addresses the theatre of Romeo Castellucci’s group, the Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, and its director’s engagement with visual arts. In particular, the study analyses the tenth episode M#10 Marseille of Castellucci’s major production Tragedia Endogonidia, a work composed of 11 episodes, each dealing with a European capital. Using the notion of intermediality, this thesis demonstrates how an intermedial performance integrates questions and principles connected with visual arts within the framework of a new concept of performance called ‘interformance’. The author introduces Henk Oosterling’s definition of intermediality where he uses Derrida’s theory of différance to explain the notion as a back and forth movement created by the interaction of media whose differences produce tension within the spectators. This tension suspends and postpones the audience’s meaning generation, thus opening the possibility of a multiplicity of meanings. As a result, the meaning of an interformance directly depends on the interrelationship of media and the subjectivity of the spectator.

This study addresses the theatre of Romeo Castellucci’s group, the Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, and its director’s engagement with visual arts. In particular, the study analyses the tenth episode M#10 Marseille of Castellucci’s major production Tragedia Endogonidia, a work composed of 11 episodes, each dealing with a European capital. Using the notion of intermediality, this thesis demonstrates how an intermedial performance integrates questions and principles connected with visual arts within the framework of a new concept of performance called ‘interformance’. The author introduces Henk Oosterling’s definition of intermediality where he uses Derrida’s theory of différance to explain the notion as a back and forth movement created by the interaction of media whose differences produce tension within the spectators. This tension suspends and postpones the audience’s meaning generation, thus opening the possibility of a multiplicity of meanings. As a result, the meaning of an interformance directly depends on the interrelationship of media and the subjectivity of the spectator.

This study addresses the theatre of Romeo Castellucci’s group, the Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, and its director’s engagement with visual arts. In particular, the study analyses the tenth episode M#10 Marseille of Castellucci’s major production Tragedia Endogonidia, a work composed of 11 episodes, each dealing with a European capital. Using the notion of intermediality, this thesis demonstrates how an intermedial performance integrates questions and principles connected with visual arts within the framework of a new concept of performance called ‘interformance’. The author introduces Henk Oosterling’s definition of intermediality where he uses Derrida’s theory of différance to explain the notion as a back and forth movement created by the interaction of media whose differences produce tension within the spectators. This tension suspends and postpones the audience’s meaning generation, thus opening the possibility of a multiplicity of meanings. As a result, the meaning of an interformance directly depends on the interrelationship of media and the subjectivity of the spectator.

Tout visage est structuré selon un ordre symétrique. La thèse explore les conséquences de cette spécificité formelle du visage sur la construction du portrait dans le contexte spécifique de la Renaissance. Elle débute par une remise en cause de l’approche neuropsychologique qui fait de la dissymétrie et de la partition du visage dans le portrait la simple expression d’un donné physionomique. À travers une réflexion autour de la symétrie et de la dissymétrie dans l’ordre de la représentation, notre recherche rend compte de l’intérêt de ces catégories esthétiques pour la compréhension des enjeux formels et philosophiques propres à la construction du portrait. Elle révèle également la richesse et la complexité des significations allouées à la symétrie et à la dissymétrie dans le cosmos culturel de la Renaissance, celles-ci allant parfois à contre-courant de nos représentations contemporaines. Une dernière partie de cette recherche est consacrée au symbolisme théologique séculaire distinguant entre le côté droit et le côté gauche du visage, un côté tourné vers le céleste, l’autre vers le terrestre, et à son influence sur l’art du portrait. La démonstration est rythmée par diverses études de cas, parmi lesquelles des analyses approfondies de portrait peints par Jan Van Eyck, Giovanni Bellini, Raphaël et Albrecht Dürer. / Every face is structured in a symmetrical order. This research paper explores the consequences of this formal specificity on the construction of the portrait in the particular context of the European Renaissance. It starts with a critique of the neuropsychological approach that makes the asymmetry and the distinction between the two sides of the face in the portrait the mere expression of a particular physiognomy. Through a reflection on the aesthetic categories of symmetry and asymmetry in the order of representation, the research demonstrates the interest of these concepts for the understanding of the formal and philosophical issues specific to the construction of portraits. It also reveals the richness and complexity of meanings assigned to symmetry and asymmetry in the cultural cosmos of the Renaissance, these ones sometimes going against the grain of contemporary representations. The final section is devoted to the secular theological symbolism distinguishing between the right side and the left side of the face, one side turned to the heavenly, the other to the earthly, and the resulting influence on the art of portraiture. The demonstration is punctuated by various case studies, including an in-depth analysis of portraits painted by Jan Van Eyck, Giovanni Bellini, Raphael and Albrecht Dürer.