Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-19T17:19:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelhenriquerodrigues.pdf: 12697503 bytes, checksum: 04ce4723cfc9d5771ced03f1196dc481 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T15:05:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelhenriquerodrigues.pdf: 12697503 bytes, checksum: 04ce4723cfc9d5771ced03f1196dc481 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T15:05:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelhenriquerodrigues.pdf: 12697503 bytes, checksum: 04ce4723cfc9d5771ced03f1196dc481 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A temática dos símbolos e do esoterismo levou ao encontro com a enigmática gravura “Melencolia I”, de Albrecht Dürer. Por trás desta obra desvela-se uma surpreendente atmosfera renascentista em torno do tema da melancolia que, segundo pesquisas, fez com que médicos, filósofos e teólogos se detivessem por séculos no estudo deste humor. Historicamente estabelecida, a melancolia tornou-se um sintoma dos grandes intelectuais, aqueles eruditos que, na eterna busca pelo conhecimento e enfrentando as limitações da cognição humana em conhecer, caíram em estado de melancolia, ou na acídia, assim denominada a melancolia medieval. A grande importância dada ao melancólico levou Dürer a produzir “Melencolia I” como um tributo ao estado de ânimo que atingiu os grandes sábios. Mas, sua obra não é simples. A quantidade de símbolos expostos na gravura reflete uma outra realidade, a realidade esotérica. Partindo dessa compreensão e munido de uma compilação científico-bibliográfica, nossa pesquisa deseja abordar o caráter esotérico em “Melencolia I”. Assim, exploramos o contexto filosófico e religioso do Renascimento para compreender o ambiente intelectual que impulsionou a confecção da obra. O Neoplatonismo florentino, a grande confluência dos estudos humanísticos e o desabrochar do esoterismo, como a Alquimia e a Magia, foram elementos chave no contexto renascentista que, chegando à Alemanha, influenciaram Dürer a executar uma de suas mais famosas obras, a “Melencolia I”. Como resultado a pesquisa encontrou uma hermenêutica para a gravura a partir do contexto cultural em que a mesma foi produzida. Levamos em consideração os aspectos do esoterismo, tão enaltecidos e promulgados no período, sobretudo pelo Neoplatonismo de Florença. Também encontramos indícios de que alguns aspectos da vida e Dürer influenciaram a temática de “Melencolia I”. / The matter of symbols and esoterism led to the encounter with the enigmatic Albretch Dürer’s engraving “Melencolia I”. Behind this work, a surprising atmosphere from Renaissance is revealed surrounding melancholy which has been the subject of studies by physicians, philosophers and theologians for many years according to previous studies. Historically registered, melancholy became the symptom of the greatest erudite intellectuals who in search of science and defying the human limitations in learning often felt in the state of melancholy, or acedia, as it was denominated during the Middle Ages. On the one hand, given the importance paid to the “melancholic people” Albretch Dürer decided to work on “Melencolia I” as a tribute to the mood of the greatest savants. On the other hand, his piece of art is not unchallenging, for the amount of exposed symbols on the engraving reflects one another reality: the esotericism. Starting from this comprehension along with a scientificbibliographic compilation this research aims at approaching the esoteric side on “Melencolia I”. Thus, exploring the philosophic and religious context during the Renaissance in order to understand the intellectual environment which influenced Dürer’s engraving. In regards to that, Neoplatonic Florentine Academy was the most important confluence of humanistic studies during the rise of esotericism expressed in practices such as the Alchemy and Witchcraft that were key elements on the context of Renaissance which in Germany culminated in the influence on Dürer’s “Melencolia I”, one his most well-known and celebrated works. As a result, this research finally unveiled a hermeneutic related to the engraving from a cultural context in which it was conceived. Thus, it was taken in consideration the aspects of esotericism – highly praised and diffused during that period chiefly by the Neoplatonic Florentine Academy. There also evidence that some aspects of Dürer’s life might have been influenced by the theme of “Melencolia I”.

The capricious roman goddess Fortune is known for her strong power to influence or even decide the destiny of humans. In ancient Rome she was considered to be a good goddess, who brought the gifts of destiny and who also was seen as a possible ally. During the Middle Ages this position changed. Fortune was given two sides, a good and friendly one and a cruel impenetrable side. She was seen as one of God´s ministers and became an expression of divine providence. My purpose with this essay is to analyse three artworks of Fortune by Giovanni Bellini, Albrecht Dürer and Master MZ, but also some texts by the renaissance humanist Niccolò Machiavelli. When examining this representation I will try to determine the iconography of Fortune and see how or if the interpretations of her differs. The study has shown that the different representations of Fortune differ from one another of the artworks. However, there is one major resemblance that presents itself in each and every one of the artworks as well as in Machiavelli’s texts, the fact that Fortune is considered to be capricious. This attribute is frequent. In the works of art Fortune is depicted along with some kind of circular object like a ball or a sphere, a clear indication of instability. In Machiavelli’s texts Fortune is often, metaphorically or directly expressed, as capricious and unpredictable. According to Machiavelli, humans therefore have to be prepared, hold capability or virtù, to be able to resist her rapid changes. Like the humanist Machiavelli was it is likely that he represents the ancient view of Fortuna, although some medieval element cannot be omitted. Furthermore, in all of the selected works of art together, one can see elements of both an antique view of Fortuna as well as a medieval. Although the Renaissance was strongly influenced by ancient ideas and ways of life, it becomes clear that also some medieval features survived into the mindset of the Renaissance.

Au début du XVIè siècle, le territoire germanique apparaît comme le foyer de réception non seulement le plus important mais aussi le plus fécond des estampes du peintre italien Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506). De Dürer à Peter Vischer à Nuremberg, de l’atelier d’Ulrich Apt à celui de Jörg Breu l’Ancien à Augsbourg, d’Hans Baldung Grien à Matthias Grünewald dans les régions rhénanes, d’Urs Graf à Jörg Schweiger en Suisse, de l’atelier d’Altdorfer implanté à Ratisbonne à celui de Wolf Huber situé à Passau : tous les centres artistiques et humanistes du monde germanophone sont concernés. Inscrite dans la problématique des transferts culturels, cette thèse vise à montrer, par une approche résolument pluridisciplinaire, que la réception des modèles gravés italiens en Allemagne ne se borne pas aux emprunts formels et stylistiques, mais s’intègre dans une réflexion sur l’émulation, qui tient compte des spécificités à la fois historiques et culturelles du Saint Empire Romain germanique / During the early 16th century the German territory was not only the most important but also the most fruitful center for the circulation of Italian painter Andrea Mantegna's (1431 - 1506) prints. From Dürer to Peter Vischer in Nuremberg, from Ulrich Apt's workshop to Jörg Breu the Elder in Augsbourg, from Hans Baldung Grien to Matthias Grünewald in Alsace, from Urs Graf to Jörg Schweiger in Switzerland, Altdorfer's workshop, located in Regensburg to Wolf Huber's in Passau. Basically all artistic and humanist centers in the German-speaking world were concerned. This thesis takes as its primary object the problematic of cultural transfers and aims at showing, through a multidisciplinary approach, that the German reception of Italian engravings is not only limited to formal and stylistics aspects but it is integrated in a reflection regarding the emulation, which will take into account both historical and cultural particularities of the German Sacred Roman Empire

This essay aims to examine what the figure of the witch as a motif in art has looked like and how it has changed through history. The study focuses on witches in the iconography of the renaissance, the 19th century and contemporary art. Two artworks are chosen from each period, one typical for the witchcraft iconography of that specific era and one atypical. The artworks are then analyzed in relation to literary sources concerning the role of the witch in the time period they were made. By doing this, the essay also examines how the witch-hunts of the 1400-1600s affected the iconography of that period, and how in later epochs other societal shifts and situations such as the widespread prostitution of the 19th century and our own struggles today with issues such as the climate crisis can be related to the witch through the lens of art. The essay argues that the witch as a motif has changed throughout art history, from being depicted as a mostly dangerous or at best satirical figure during the renaissance, to a seductive femme fatale in the 19th century, and at last a symbol of feminist, post-colonial and environmental resistance in contemporary art. It is also argued that some aspects of the witch have survived thoughout these five hundred years, such as the idea of the witch as a disruptor of the norm and her ability to create a new world that is an upside-down version of our own.

Diploma thesis has an aim to present to students of elementary school graphical methods of relief printing by method of methodological video, for better understanding and imagination of students. The theoretical part occupies with graphic, the fenomena, that accompanies us from prehistoric times. The thesis is going to present method of relief printing, its development and important authors of relief printing. It makes the students familiar with the most important graphic works in history and makes their analysis. It presents the most common subjects and social aspects of graphical production in the final part. The practical part elaborates technology of instructive video and following application for students of various age and its final marking their work. The conclusion of thesis create supplements of the practical part, examples of models and final works.

The aim of this thesis is to illustrate the phenomenon of the transfer of the transalpine landscape motifs in graphic art into the works of Italian engravers at the beginning of the six- teenth century, and by using detailed analysis of these prints lead to a decision as to why these transfers occur so frequently, mainly in the years 1500-1520. Because only brief mentions of these transfers are found in the available literature on this topic, and then often only as a statement, I decided to tackle this phenomenon in the context of landscape specifications. In the introductory chapter there will be a concise overview of the cultural situation of the humanistic society, including its assumptions and a brief evolution of depiction of landscape art. Additionally there will be a chapter about the terminology used, which in addition to clarifying the terminology also helps to further the description of the proce- ss itself. The main part will of course be a chapter dedicated into selected items. There will also be descriptions of the graphic works of selected Italian engravers, especially in the comparison of transferred landscape motifs from works by Albrecht Dürer and Lucas van Leyden. Analy- sis of the individual prints will focus on elements transmitted in the background of the works. Iconography...

Tout visage est structuré selon un ordre symétrique. La thèse explore les conséquences de cette spécificité formelle du visage sur la construction du portrait dans le contexte spécifique de la Renaissance. Elle débute par une remise en cause de l’approche neuropsychologique qui fait de la dissymétrie et de la partition du visage dans le portrait la simple expression d’un donné physionomique. À travers une réflexion autour de la symétrie et de la dissymétrie dans l’ordre de la représentation, notre recherche rend compte de l’intérêt de ces catégories esthétiques pour la compréhension des enjeux formels et philosophiques propres à la construction du portrait. Elle révèle également la richesse et la complexité des significations allouées à la symétrie et à la dissymétrie dans le cosmos culturel de la Renaissance, celles-ci allant parfois à contre-courant de nos représentations contemporaines. Une dernière partie de cette recherche est consacrée au symbolisme théologique séculaire distinguant entre le côté droit et le côté gauche du visage, un côté tourné vers le céleste, l’autre vers le terrestre, et à son influence sur l’art du portrait. La démonstration est rythmée par diverses études de cas, parmi lesquelles des analyses approfondies de portrait peints par Jan Van Eyck, Giovanni Bellini, Raphaël et Albrecht Dürer. / Every face is structured in a symmetrical order. This research paper explores the consequences of this formal specificity on the construction of the portrait in the particular context of the European Renaissance. It starts with a critique of the neuropsychological approach that makes the asymmetry and the distinction between the two sides of the face in the portrait the mere expression of a particular physiognomy. Through a reflection on the aesthetic categories of symmetry and asymmetry in the order of representation, the research demonstrates the interest of these concepts for the understanding of the formal and philosophical issues specific to the construction of portraits. It also reveals the richness and complexity of meanings assigned to symmetry and asymmetry in the cultural cosmos of the Renaissance, these ones sometimes going against the grain of contemporary representations. The final section is devoted to the secular theological symbolism distinguishing between the right side and the left side of the face, one side turned to the heavenly, the other to the earthly, and the resulting influence on the art of portraiture. The demonstration is punctuated by various case studies, including an in-depth analysis of portraits painted by Jan Van Eyck, Giovanni Bellini, Raphael and Albrecht Dürer.

The dissertation focuses on the decoration of 16th century choral manuscripts. The first part is devoted to the person of Jan Táborský of Klokotská Hora (1499-1572) who was a scribe and an owner of a scribe manufactory, and to the most significant illuminators of the the 16th century who contributed to the decoration of songbooks in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. Attention is given not only to the illuminators to whom Jan Táborský of Klokotská Hora assigned the work and whose contribution can be inferred from the documents or stylistic analysis of their illuminations, but also to their contemporaries. Besides the frequently mentioned Fabián Puléř, we can assume that Jan Taborský also collaborated with Matouš Ornys of Lindperk, Matyáš Hutský of Křivoklát, Ambrož Ledecký and, presumably, others. In this context, one part of the thesis is focused on engravings by Martin Schongauer, Albrecht Dürer, Bernard Salomon and on the domestic prints by George Melantrich the Elder, as these engravings, mostly woodcuts, served as patterns and inspiration for almost every Bohemian illuminator. Themes found in this type of manuscript are mostly based on Biblical stories, corresponding to the feasts of the liturgical year. In addition to these themes, the graduals contain many miniatures associated with various...

ANNOTATION: The work The Mirror of Reality in the Imagery of Dreams of the 19th and 20th Centuries - Creative Individuality versus the Chaos of the Time is based on the assumption that dreams are inseparably linked to the concept of existence in human life (Michel Foucault). The study touches on the ways in which dreams are depicted in visual culture that does not coincide with chronologically organized historical events, but is an expression of a free alliance between artists in the European space and centuries of common experience. These works are generally socially critical, exposed to unimaginable pressure from public censorship. The artist must pretend it is only an innocent game, a crazy idea, a whim. At the same time, these paintings are not an expression of boundless imagination, but they are subject to the firm rules of spatial construction of the painting. This is due to the traditional delimitation of dark depths - the underworld of Virgil's Saturn myth of pre-Roman culture, alternating with the vertically felt open heavens as variants of the original Plato's The Myth of Er, which in the 20th century paintings is replaced by the idea of an open landscape with illumination on the low horizon. The work deals with the work of Albrecht Dürer, his copperplate Melancholia I (1514) and his so-called...

Darstellungen der Planeten und ihrer Kinder gehörten zu den ersten paganen Bildern, die im Spätmittelalter produziert und rezipiert wurden. Während der rund 200 Jahre ihres hauptsächlichen Auftretens, bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts, erreichten sie eine enorme Popularität. Im Weltbild des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit war jeder Mensch von dem Gestirn geprägt, unter dessen Einfluss er geboren wurde. Dieser Planet bestimmte, wie man körperlich und charakterlich beschaffen war, welchen Beruf man ausübte und welche gesellschaftliche Stellung man erwarten durfte. Der Geburtsmoment sorgte für eine lebenslange, familiäre Verbindung zum Gestirn, man wurde quasi zu dessen Kind. Die Macht der Sterne zeichnet die Entwicklung von der ersten Erwähnung der Planetenkinder in Schriftquellen, über die Herausbildung eines relativ stabilen ikonografischen Kanons in verschiedenen Medien, funktionsgebundene Variationen bis zum Aufgehen in anderen Bildgattungen nach. Die zumeist siebenteiligen Zyklen stellen sich als Teil eines weit ausgebauten Beziehungsgefüges und Verweissystems dar, in dem sich das jeweilige gesellschaftliche Bild der Zeit spiegelt. Die Darstellungen dokumentieren zudem zentrale Entwicklungen des individuellen Denkens bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts. Sie zeigen, wie das jeweils aktuelle kosmologische Verständnis und Wissen einem breiten Publikum durch Bilder vermittelt werden konnte, wie dies mit dem religiösen Leben vereinbar war oder sich im Alltag niederschlug. Planetenkinder-Darstellungen hatten im Verlauf ihrer Geschichte vielfältige Funktionen. In ihnen manifestierte sich die Vorstellung einer Einheit der Dinge in zahlreichen Analogien. Gezielt eingesetzt wurden die Bilder zur Markierung sozialer Aufstiege, politischer Interessen und der Reklamation von Machtansprüchen sowie der Repräsentation von Einfluss bzw. Verherrlichung von Auftraggebern. Die Bilder zeigen philosophische Diskurse auf, verweisen auf konkrete historische Ereignisse und bewerten diese. / Representations of the planets and their children were among the first pagan images to be produced and adopted in the late Middle Ages. During the circa 200 years in which they mainly appeared, up until the end of the sixteenth century, they became enormously popular. In the worldview of the Middle Ages and early modern era, every person was believed to be influenced by the celestial body under whose influence they were born. This planet determined one’s physical appearance and character, one’s profession, and the social standing one could expect. The moment of birth ensured the continuation of a life-long, familiar connection to this celestial body, and a person was effectively considered its “child”. Die Macht der Sterne traces these developments from the first written references to the children of the planets, through to the emergence of a relatively stable iconographical canon in various media, variations in terms of function, as well as their appearance in other pictorial genres. These cycles, usually consisting of seven parts, presented themselves as part of a highly elaborate relational structure and system of references which reflected the current social worldview. The images also document key developments in individual thought up until the end of the sixteenth century. They show how the prevailing understanding of the cosmos and knowledge could be communicated to a wide audience by means of imagery, how this was reconciled with religious life, and how it was reflected in everyday life. Over the course of their history, images of the children of the planets served a variety of functions. By means of a number of analogies they illustrated the notion of the unity of all things. These images were also consciously employed to underscore social advancement, political interests, and the reassertion of claims to power as well as representations of influence or the glorification of patrons. These depictions also highlight philosophical discourses and refer to concrete historical events while offering evaluations of these phenomena.