This thesis deals with SAP system from technological point of view and focuses on SAP NetWeaver platform. The main goal of this work is to describe and demonstrate custom development in SAP system. Secondary goal is to provide an overview of SAP NetWeaver platform and its capabilities and its important value for companies. The development is shown by creating an application in ABAP language and by using MMSP method. This thesis is complete guide for beginning SAP developers and contains tutorials about programming in ABAP and using its development tools.

The goal of this diploma thesis is the design and implementation of an application for generating and printing address labels in the SAP system. The work also explains the basic concepts of the SAP system and describes the technologies for creating print forms as SAP Adobe Form and SAP SmartForm. Lastly, it describes the solution of printing 1D and 2D barcodes and setting up the communication between the SAP system and the printer. The result of this work is an analysis of form creation, subsequent design of a solution for generating forms as address label, sheet of 21 address labels, Czech Post delivery notes, Czech Post delivery sheet and its implementation in the SAP system. The conclusion of the work is testing the created solution and proposing future improvements.

Master’s thesis proposes a solution of data and communication model in the ŽOS Trnava, a.s. and GOŠA FŠV. Thesis proposes model for customer, which generates reports for individual management areas.

The interest in the phenomenon of industrial agglomeration dates back to the late 19th century (particularly, the work of Alfred Marshall). The late 20th century saw a renaissance in this interest, for example, in the ‘new geographical economics’ (e.g. Krugman) and Porter’s framework of competitive forces. Subsequently, clustering has come to be seen as a feature of high technology industries, despite the difficulty to gather empirical evidence to underpin this assertion and to corroborate underlying cluster-related mechanisms that would result in benefits for firms in clustered environments.This thesis extends the discourse on rationales of clustering into the field of the management software industry sector. Its objective is to use the example of the cluster around the German software giant SAP in South-western Germany as a model to explore the strengths and characteristics of clustering in this industry context. A survey-based research design was selected and interview responses were collected from 206 management software firms located throughout Germany. The empirical analysis was based on two complementary statistical approaches. The SAP cluster was compared to two control groups, one consisting of firms from non-clustered regions, the other of firms from other clustered locations. Diversities between environments were analysed using bivariate statistical techniques. The findings of this descriptive analysis substantiate disparities between the SAP cluster and the non-clustered control group. Beneficial effects available to SAP cluster firms can be observed in respect to nearly all factors analysed, i.e. access to specialised human resources, access to investment capital, demand proximity, knowledge spillover externalities, spin-off activity and the accumulation of social capital.This in-depth comparative perspective is complemented through a holistic evaluation employing structural equation modelling. Among the key findings of this analysis are the significant links between location in the SAP cluster and superior growth performance, in which long term professional networks and social capital derived from major software vendors (particularly SAP) act as mediators. Structural equation modelling also highlights a positive effect of being located in the SAP cluster on knowledge spillover externalities, which is mediated by the cultural environment in the SAP cluster. Finally, the SAP cluster environment stimulates spin-off activity, which functions as an important mediator in the accumulation and retention of social capital held with players in the industry. In sum, the empirical analysis suggests that a wide-ranging network of factors exists, in which social capital functions as a catalyst in the mechanisms resulting in benefits available to SAP cluster firms.

Hlavním cílem této práce je vyvinout uživatelské rozhraní a získávání nezbytných podnikových dat v aplikaci sloužící pro schvalování bankovních plateb za použití moderních technologií a technologií poskytovaných společností SAP. V první části je obecně popsáno téma bankovních plateb, jsou vysvětleny klíčové pojmy a zmíněny některé problémy z této oblasti, se kterými se společnosti a soukromníci v dnešní době potýkají. Dále je popsána architektura SAP S/4HANA, pro kterou je aplikace vyvíjena. V neposlední části jsou zmíněny technologie pro tvorbu uživatelských rozhraní, jenž jsou pro tento vývoj vhodné anebo jsou dnes nejvíce používány. Proces návrhu aplikace popisuje její požadavky, tvorbu prototypu aplikace, jenž vizualizuje způsob zobrazení dat uživateli a návrh datového modelu. Výsledná aplikace umožňuje získávat správná data z databáze, zobrazovat je definovaným způsobem způsobem a nabízí možnost jejich editace a správy.

Doctor of Philosophy / Division of Biology / Jesse B. Nippert / Water availability is a key driver of many plant and ecosystem processes in tallgrass prairies, yet we have a limited understanding of how grassland plants utilize water through space and time. Considering that tallgrass prairies experience tremendous heterogeneity in soil resources, identifying spatiotemporal variation in plant ecohydrology is critical for understanding current drivers of plant responses to water and for predicting ecosystem responses to future changes in climate. Here, I investigated the patterns, drivers, and ecological consequences of plant water use (e.g., water uptake, water redistribution, and water loss) in a native tallgrass prairie located in northeastern Kansas, USA. Using a combination of leaf gas exchange, sap flow, and isotopic techniques, I addressed four main questions: 1) How does fire and grazing by bison impact use of water from different sources and niche overlap for common grasses, forbs, and shrubs? 2) Does hydraulic lift occur in grazed and ungrazed tallgrass prairie, and does this impact facilitation for water within grassland communities? 3) What are the patterns and drivers of nocturnal transpiration in common grassland species? 4) How does diel stem sap flow and canopy transpiration vary among common grassland species? I found that bison grazing increased the depth of water uptake by Andropogon gerardii and Rhus glabra, reducing niche overlap with co-occurring species. Conversely, grazing did not affect hydraulic lift, which was generally uncommon and likely limited by nocturnal transpiration. Further, leaf gas exchange measurements indicated that nocturnal transpiration occurred commonly in tallgrass prairie plants and was greatest among grasses and early in the growing season. Nocturnal transpiration was not driven by vapor pressure deficit or soil moisture, as commonly observed in other systems, but was regulated by nocturnal stomatal conductance in most species. Finally, I found that daytime sap flow rates were variable among species and functional types, with larger flux rates among woody species. Nocturnal sap flow rates were more consistent across species, which caused nighttime sap flow and transpiration to account for a larger proportion of daily flux rates in grasses than in forbs or shrubs. These results show that water uptake, water redistribution, and water loss are all influenced by different biotic and abiotic drivers and have varying ecological impacts across a heterogeneous landscape. Additionally, extensive differences in water flux exist among co-occurring species and plant functional groups, which likely reflect varying strategies to tolerate water limitation. These results suggest that shifts in the abundance of these species with future climate changes, or with ecosystem state changes, will likely impact ecosystem-level water balance.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis deals with the Six Sigma and LEAN project management methodology and its mutual linkage to Lean Six Sigma. In the first part it describes its basic theoretical principles explaining the background and the roots of both approaches. Furthermore, the adaptation to SAP Sigma is brought to light. In the practical part a case study of the application of Six Sigma on a project called FastClose is introduced and investigated. In addition, Lean Six Sigma methods are applied as well in order to explore further improvement potential within the project.

Detta arbete är en studie som jämför två olika förändringsprocessers kommunikationsstrategier. De båda förändringsprocesserna skedde i ABB och handlade om byte av affärssystem till SAP. Vi jämför de båda fallen med varandra samt med teorier som rör förändringsstrategier, kommunikationsstrategier och kommunikation. Resultatet blir utifrån detta en egen framtagen kommunikationsstrategi som är avsedd att passa liknande framtida förändringsprocesser i ABB.

Frågeställning Vad har affärssystemet för påverkan på den interna redovisningen? Hur pass beroende är företagen av affärssystemet? Vad finns det för fördelar och nackdelar med systemet? Vad händer om systemet slutar fungera? Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och analysera hur de valda företagen använder sig utav affärssystemet SAP i arbetet med den interna redovisningen samt att undersöka hur betydelsefullt SAP är för arbetet med den interna redovisningen. Metod Uppsatsen utgår ifrån en kvalitativ studie där fem respondenter på de valda företagen har intervjuats. Vid intervjutillfällena användes semistrukturerade frågor. En induktiv metod användes eftersom nya teorier skapades utifrån empirin. Slutsats Implementeringen av ett affärssystem har visat sig haft en stor påverkan på den interna redovisningen. De båda företagen är överens om att affärssystemet har varit en bidragande orsak till varför de inte har någon avskild intern redovisning. Denna studie har visat att företag, speciellt stora företag som ABB och Outokumpu, är väldigt beroende av ett väl fungerade och välanpassat affärssystem. Studien visar att i stort sett allt arbete sker i affärssystemet dagligen, således även arbetet med den interna redovisningen. En av de dominerande fördelarna med ett affärssystem har visat sig vara att all information finns samlad på ett och samma ställe. En av de stora nackdelarna har visat sig vara okunskapen kring systemet. Studien har visat att om systemet slutar fungera helt stannar arbetet i princip upp helt.