<p>The students in the US are positioned in the middle among the nations on the international tests of academic achievement. This moderate achievement is a matter of great concern as it reflects the output of the US education system, as well as the input, in terms of human resource, available to the market. One way of probing this moderate achievement is its comparison with the achievement of students from the top-performing countries. Much of this comparative research lacks a fully-developed, systematic, and theoretical explanation of causes, notably ignoring the influence of culture on achievement. It is within this context that the present study was conducted. Taking a relativist position, I compared the middle school students in the US with those in the top-performing countries in East Asia by engaging a theoretical framework comprising motivation, self-concept, and culture. I used Eccles and Wigfield?s model of expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation (Eccles, 1983, Eccles & Wigfield, 2002), Marsh?s internal/external frame of reference for self-concept (1986), and Triandis? (1995) individualism/collectivism constructs of culture to find an explanation of the identified achievement gap. I used a subset of TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) 2015 data of 36,115 middle school students in Chinese Taipei (Taiwan), Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and the US. One-Way ANOVA test and structural equation modeling were used to look into peer achievement, science achievement, math self-concept, intrinsic value and utility value of math and their influence on math achievement of students from two cultural groups. The results inform that in the US, peer achievement links differently to self-concept and intrinsic value; self-concept and utility value have high mean values; and they associate to achievement weakly or negatively. Thus, middle school students in the US do not believe in competition with peers; their perceptions about themselves and about the usefulness of the domain are inflated; and who value math more, score low on math achievement test. These student characteristics contribute to the moderate math achievement of students in the US.

An attempt will be made in this study to determine if a decorated, well-maintained biology classroom has any influence on the attitudes of students toward their classroom, school, subject and teacher. A twenty-item survey containing items which will measure each of the previously mentioned attitudes will be administered to a biology class which uses a decorated, well-maintained classroom. Another biology class taught by the same teacher will also be administered the same survey. However, this class is taught in a poorly-maintained, undecorated classroom. Both classes consist of students who were assigned to them in no particular fashion. An analysis will be made of the survey results to determine if there are any differences in the attitudes between the students in the decorated classroom and the undecorated classroom. The eighth, ninth and tenth grade first semester science grades of all of the students using these classrooms will also be compared to determine if their classroom environment has had any possible effect on their achievement in this subject. The problems being investigated can be stated as two questions: Can decorated, well-maintained classrooms in secondary schools produce a difference in student attitudes toward their classrooms, schools, subjects and teachers? Can they also produce a difference in academic achievement from these students?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maura Assad Pimenta Neves.pdf: 1610297 bytes, checksum: 8cb937016fca11ae2a28aca7f9d03795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / This study is integrated to the actions of the research group Constitution Processes of the Subject in Educational Practices (Processos de Constitui??o do Sujeito em Pr?ticas Educativas) PROSPED, which is inserted on the research line of Psychological Intervention and Prevention, the Postgraduate Stricto Sensu in Psychology Program at the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas. This study aims to analyze how music intervention, focusing in affection and students? expressions, promotes changes on the relation to Special Classes. These Special Classes are designed for students who have not achieved the minimum score in regular school tests. Therefore it was assumed as the theoretical-methodological perspective the Historical-Cultural Psychology, especially Vigotski?s concepts, its main representative. The subjects of this research were students from two Special Classes in Elementary School. A partnership with three teachers and one pedagogical coordinator was established. The research-intervention scenario was a public state school located on the southeast of Campinas, S?o Paulo, Brazil. The procedures for data collection were: school?s observation, conversations with teachers and the management team, classroom?s observation, activities using materiality mediators like songs, videos, and movies, and also, dialogs with students and feedbacks written by them at the end of the meetings, students? compositions, scenarios creation, CD?s recording, and semi-structured interviews with teachers. The research results showed that music presents itself as a powerful materiality in the transformation of emotions and feelings, setting senses and meanings, and configuring itself as a work tool for educational psychologists and educators who intend to affect students not only to promote their expression, interest, and involvement on the schooled content, but also to stimulate the development for the appropriation of new curricular contents. It was also noticed that studies developed in partnership with educators, involving music and general art, promoted the creation of a new environment in and for the school, which supports the expansion of how people relate. Lastly, the interventions from this study enabled Special Classes? students and educators to modify their concepts about these classes; they expanded their look to the student?s potential who attended to it. / O presente estudo est? integrado ?s a??es do grupo de Pesquisa Processos de Constitui??o do Sujeito em Pr?ticas Educativas PROSPED, que se insere na linha de pesquisa Preven??o e Interven??o Psicol?gica, do programa de P?s-gradua??o Stricto Sensu em Psicologia, da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas. Tem como objetivo analisar de que modo a interven??o com m?sica com foco nos afetos e na express?o dos alunos promove a mudan?a da sua rela??o com a classe de recupera??o. Para tanto, adotamos como aporte te?rico-metodol?gico a Psicologia Hist?rico-Cultural, sobretudo os conceitos de Vigotski, seu principal representante. Tomaram-se como sujeitos alunos de duas classes de recupera??o intensiva, do Ensino Fundamental II. Estabeleceu-se parceria com a coordenadora pedag?gica e tr?s professoras. O cen?rio da pesquisa-interven??o foi uma escola p?blica da rede estadual da regi?o sudoeste de Campinas/SP. Os procedimentos de constru??o de informa??es utilizados foram: observa??es da/na escola; conversas com as professoras e com a equipe gestora; observa??es nas salas de aula; atividades com materialidades mediadoras como m?sicas, v?deos e filme; di?logos entre e com os alunos; devolutivas escritas por eles ao final dos encontros; composi??es dos alunos; confec??o do cen?rio; confec??o de CD e entrevista semiestruturada com as professoras. A pesquisa possibilitou concluir que a m?sica se revela como uma materialidade potente na transforma??o de emo??es e sentimentos, configurando sentidos e significados, sendo, portanto, uma ferramenta para o trabalho do psic?logo escolar e para educadores que tenham como inten??o afetar os alunos de modo a promover sua express?o, o interesse e o envolvimento pelos conte?dos escolarizados e o consequente desenvolvimento para a apropria??o de novos conte?dos curriculares. Percebemos, ainda, que trabalhos envolvendo a m?sica e a arte em geral, quando realizados em parceria com educadores, promovem a cria??o de um novo espa?o na e para a escola, o qual favorece a amplia??o dos modos como seus atores se relacionam. Por fim, as interven??es possibilitaram que os alunos da classe de recupera??o bem como os educadores modificassem a concep??o que se tinha dessas classes, uma vez que o trabalho ampliou o olhar para as potencialidades dos alunos que a frequentam.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Aparecida Cruz Dugnani.pdf: 1950236 bytes, checksum: e4b23173f306bbdd3e34da4bfbd52b9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The present study is integrated to the group of research actions Processes of Subject Constitution in Educational Practices PROSPED, from the Psychological Prevention and Intervention line of research of the Master Graduation Programme Strictu Sensu in Psychology of the Pont?fica Universidade Cat?lica in Campinas. Its aim is to investigate the potential of the school psychologist's actions in promoting changes to the school management practices. Official data show that longer permanence at school does not necessarily result in better education of the students since there is an increase in the number of literate and a decrease in the number of full literate ones. This leads us to think that there seems to be a dissonance between projects supported by the System and the ones that effectively happen at school. We take as theoretical foundations the assumptions of cultural-historical Psychology in that if you understand the human reasons and interests are built on concrete conditions of existence, mediated by instruments of culture, from the relationships established between the subject and the social, and the social and the subject, in a permanent dialectical movement. In the light of the materialistic dialectical and historical method, the data were constructed from the selection of 22 meetings, out of 128 meetings held in the course of the years 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, with four managers of a public elementary school, a Director, a Deputy Director and two pedagogical advisors. Both meetings have the audio recording and transcript of the same, and the use of artistic expressions and the synthesis of mediators dialogues undertaken as tools in common. The results revealed that there is a way to work that fluctuates between school managers recognize the challenges that require the transformation of reality and who originate from relationships established between the various agents of the school, and mobilize to overcome them, that we call facing the conflicts, and the mobilization to deny conflicts and move on, that we call look away and that is one of the causes of paralysis in school. It was evidenced that the aesthetic mediations and semiotic, promoted by the arts and for the summaries, enabled the managers to experience two essential movements for making real the changes in exercising the management at school: the migration of emotion and the mobilization of the will. / O presente estudo est? integrado ?s a??es do grupo de Pesquisa Processos de Constitui??o dos Sujeitos em Pr?ticas Educativas PROSPED, da linha de pesquisa Preven??o e Interven??o Psicol?gica, do programa de P?s-gradua??o Stricto Sensu em Psicologia, da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas. Objetiva investigar o potencial das a??es do psic?logo escolar na promo??o de mudan?a das pr?ticas de gest?o na escola. Os dados oficiais revelam que a maior perman?ncia na escola n?o tem resultado em melhor escolariza??o dos alunos, na medida em que h? o aumento do n?mero de alfabetizados b?sicos e uma queda no n?mero de alfabetizados plenos. Isto nos leva a pensar que parece haver uma disson?ncia entre os projetos postos pelo sistema e o que ocorre efetivamente na escola. Tomamos como fundamentos te?ricos os pressupostos da Psicologia Hist?rico-cultural em que se compreende que os motivos e os interesses humanos s?o constru?dos nas condi??es concretas de exist?ncia, mediados pelos instrumentos da cultura, a partir das rela??es estabelecidas entre o sujeito e o social e o social e o sujeito, em um movimento dial?tico permanente. ? luz do m?todo materialista hist?rico e dial?tico, os dados foram constru?dos a partir da sele??o de 22 encontros, de um total de 128 reuni?es realizadas no decorrer dos anos de 2010,2011,2012 e 2013, com 4 gestores de uma escola p?blica de Ensino Fundamental I e II, a saber: um diretor, um vice-diretor e dois orientadores pedag?gicos. Em comum os encontros t?m a grava??o em ?udio e transcri??o dos mesmos, a utiliza??o de express?es art?sticas e da s?ntese como instrumentos mediadores dos di?logos empreendidos. Os resultados revelaram que h? um modo de funcionar dos gestores escolares que oscila entre reconhecerem os desafios que se imp?em ? transforma??o da realidade escolar e que emanam das rela??es estabelecidas entre os diversos agentes da escola, e se mobilizarem para super?-los, a que denominamos de enfrentamento dos conflitos e, a mobiliza??o para negar os conflitos e seguir adiante, o que chamamos de desviar o olhar, e que ? uma das causas do imobilismo na escola. Evidenciou-se ainda que as media??es est?ticas e semi?ticas, promovidas pelas artes e pelas s?nteses, possibilitaram aos gestores vivenciarem dois movimentos essenciais para a efetiva??o de mudan?as no modo de exercer a gest?o na escola: a migra??o da emo??o e a mobiliza??o da vontade.

Submitted by PPGE PPGE (pgedu@ufba.br) on 2017-08-15T16:22:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2017-08-18T14:09:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T14:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE PÉROLA Final.pdf: 2576282 bytes, checksum: d4ddee62cf8958d1a7f68023dd8e08ff (MD5) / CAPES / A presente dissertação visa a compreender os impactos do diagnóstico do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade – TDAH, na vida diária de uma criança diagnosticada. O estudo está embasado em autores que refletem acerca do processo de escolarização de maneira complexa, a partir da Psicologia Escolar e Educacional em uma perspectiva crítica. Há neste estudo um enfoque, sobretudo, nos diagnósticos psicológicos aos quais as crianças são submetidas, situando-os no contexto histórico. Traremos a visão da ciência dominante para o TDAH e suas interpretações sobre a etiologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento para o suposto “transtorno”. Em seguida, apresentaremos o percurso histórico de construção do TDAH, bem como uma análise crítica da Medicalização da Educação e caminhos para sua superação. Desse modo, pretendemos identificar aspectos vivenciados na vida diária da criança diagnosticada com TDAH e compreender os impactos encontrados nessas vivências. Para tanto, será utilizada a metodologia qualitativa com base em um estudo de caso. Nesta trajetória metodológica, mostramos a proposta inicial da pesquisa de campo e suas mudanças ocorridas após imersão no mesmo. Um campo permeado de vivências que atravessam um complexo processo de fracasso escolar de uma criança. Posto isso, são explanados os elementos trazidos com a pesquisa de campo. Por fim, tecemos discussões acerca dos elementos identificados na construção do diagnóstico da criança e em seguida problematizaremos intervenções. Espera-se, com a pesquisa, contribuir para que estudantes e profissionais da Psicologia e da Educação possam realizar uma leitura crítica do TDAH, analisando o fenômeno da medicalização. / ABSTRACT This work aims to understand the impact of the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder / Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD, the daily life of a diagnosed child. The study is grounded in authors who reflect on the complex way schooling, from the School and Educational Psychology in a critical perspective. There is a focus in this study, especially in psychological diagnoses to which children are subjected, placing them in historical context. We will bring the vision of mainstream science for ADHD and their interpretations about the etiology, diagnosis and treatment for the supposed "disorder". Then we present the historical course of ADHD building as well as a critical analysis of medicalization of education and ways to overcome them. Thus, we intend to identify experienced aspects of daily life of children diagnosed with ADHD and understand the impacts found in these experiences. Therefore, the qualitative methodology based on a case study will be used. This methodological approach, we show the initial proposal of field research and its changes after immersion in it. A field riddled with experiences that go through a complex process of school failure of a child. That said, they are explained the elements brought to the field research. Finally, we weave discussions on the elements identified in the construction of the child's diagnosis and then we question interventions. It is hoped, through research, contribute to students and professionals of Psychology and Education can make a critical reading of ADHD, analyzing the medicalization phenomenon.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:30:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Pondian Tizzei.pdf: 1254296 bytes, checksum: 821b78893d656def50b7f139df412f8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-10 / Universidade Estadual Paulista J?lio de Mesquita Filho / This study attempted to reflect on the training of psychologists based on the Brazilian reality and, more specifically, on the Curriculum Emphases and profile of psychology courses in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. Starting from an inquiry into the quality of training of the psychologist in a capitalist context, as such, has transformed education into a commodity to be consumed by many people. Initially, an explanation was made on educational policies governing higher education in a capitalist context that transforms education into a commodity to be consumed. Later on, we point out significant landmarks on the training of psychologists and school psychology focusing primarily on transformations involving policies related to curriculum structuring, as the Curriculum Minimum of the National Curriculum Guidelines. This work also is based on assumptions of Critical Psychology and Marxism as a way to analyze the social reality and therefore also training. We consider this important study because it has been increasing the number of private higher education institutions to the detriment of the public forming psychologists in Brazil. In the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, there are 7 of them, all being private, and this fact has considerably impacting the demand of incoming students as well as graduates. Thus, this study aimed to understand and analyze the training of school psychologists from the curricular changes presented in Pedagogical Projects Course. Used as the basis for the research method the Historical and Dialectical Materialism to realize that the quest for understanding the essence of this phenomenon is determined by historical issues of Brazilian reality. Dialectics is the movement that allows the researcher a view from the contradictions of this reality and, therefore, is another look at the research in Psychology. Also we base this work on Qualitative Research presented by Critical Psychology that does not disregard the quantitative analysis of the formation, but this involves a process of knowledge. To this, 4 were considered institutions of Campinas Metropolitan Region which allowed access to the reading of the Pedagogical Projects Course and the interview with the coordinators responsible for them. Our analysis showed the predominance of at least one of the emphases of the course in health institutions in all and only one of them in education. We also identified that the choice of emphasis is given by the greatest possibility of student employability of newly formed psychology and at the same time, greater integration in this field or area of expertise demands higher inflow of students in psychology course these institutions. / Este trabalho procurou fazer uma reflex?o sobre a forma??o do psic?logo partindo da realidade brasileira e, mais especificamente, sobre as ?nfases Curriculares e o perfil dos cursos de Psicologia na Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas. Partiu-se de um questionamento acerca da qualidade da forma??o do psic?logo num contexto capitalista que, como tal, tem transformado a educa??o numa mercadoria a ser consumida por muitas pessoas. Inicialmente, foi feita uma explana??o sobre as pol?ticas educacionais que regem a educa??o superior num contexto capitalista, que transforma a educa??o num bem a ser consumido. Posteriormente, apontamos marcos significativos sobre a forma??o do psic?logo e a Psicologia Escolar enfocando, principalmente, nas transforma??es que envolveram as pol?ticas referentes ?s estrutura??es curriculares, como o Curr?culo M?nimo de as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Este trabalho se fundamenta ainda em pressupostos da Psicologia Cr?tica e do Marxismo como forma de an?lise da realidade social e, portanto, tamb?m da forma??o. Consideramos este estudo importante, pois vem sendo crescente o n?mero de Institui??es de Ensino Superior privadas em detrimento das p?blicas que formam psic?logos no Brasil. Na Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas, existem 7 delas, sendo todas privadas, e esse fato vem impactando consideravelmente a demanda de estudantes ingressantes bem como de profissionais formados. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo compreender e analisar a forma??o de psic?logos escolares a partir das mudan?as curriculares apresentadas nos Projetos Pedag?gicos de Curso. Utilizamos como fundamento para o m?todo de pesquisa o Materialismo Hist?rico e Dial?tico por compreender que a bu ca pela compreens?o da ess?ncia deste fen?meno ? determinada por quest?es hist?ricas da realidade brasileira. A dial?tica ? o movimento que permite ao pesquisador um olhar a partir das contradi??es dessa realidade e que, portanto, ? um outro olhar para a pesquisa em Psicologia. Fundamentamos tamb?m este trabalho na Pesquisa Qualitativa apresentada pela Psicologia Cr?tica que n?o desconsidera a an?lise quantitativa da forma??o, mas a envolve nesse processo de conhecimento. Para isso, foram consideradas 4 institui??es da Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas que permitiram o acesso ? leitura dos Projetos Pedag?gicos de Curso e a entrevista com os coordenadores respons?veis por eles. Nossa an?lise apontou a predomin?ncia de pelo menos uma das ?nfases do curso na ?rea da sa?de em todas as institui??es e apenas uma delas na educa??o. Identificamos tamb?m que a escolha das ?nfases se d? pela maior possibilidade de inser??o profissional do estudante de psicologia rec?m formado e que, ao mesmo tempo, a maior inser??o neste campo ou ?rea de atua??o demanda maior ingresso dos estudantes no curso de Psicologia dessas institui??es.