No description available.

This paper discusses schoollearning from a cognitive-motivational perspective. A number of relevant ideas are highlighted as relevant to undersrand the cognitive-motivational factors that influence school learning. / El artículo analiza el aprendizaje escolar donde una perspectiva cognitivo- motivacional, en la que se destacan una serie de ideas relevantes de profundizar en la comprensión de los factores cognitivo-motivacionales que inciden en el aprendizaje escolar.

No description available.

My dissertation, “‘It’s like I can be myself here’: Adolescent identity and agency in an arts-based out-of-school program” is a three-year post-critical ethnographic study (Noblit, Flores, and Murillo, 2004) of YouthArts, a free, out-of-school arts program for adolescents who self-identify as having a low socio-economic status. YouthArts, under the auspices of a non-profit art space, offers participants both a range of activities, such as field trips, artist-led workshops, and critique sessions, and materials, such as supplies and an electronic portfolio, to help foster artistic identity development. The program design demonstrates the complexity of artistic endeavors beyond technical prowess and highlights the role of collaboration, communication, inquiry, and curiosity in the process of art creation and consideration. I employ participant-observation methods, semi-structured interviews, and artifact collection, as well as narrative analysis and content analysis, to create a dynamic representation of how adolescents engage in this program. My theoretical approach to this project brings together social production theories, such as figured worlds (Holland et al., 1998), social and cultural capital (Bourdieu and Passeron, 1977), community cultural wealth (Yosso, 2006), situated learning (Lave, 1990; Lave and Wenger, 1991) and the field of youth studies (James, Jenks, and Prout, 1998; Best, 2007) to explore learning, identity, and agency. I provide a thick description of the program’s professionalizing activities and offer detailed case studies of four focal participants in order to demonstrate the ways that the program helps participants transition from high school to post-secondary paths and from being students in high-school art classes to becoming practicing artists. I privilege youth voices to highlight the ways they see their identities as being informed by multiple communities, including their out-of-school activities, their schools, their families, and their friends and through intersecting classed, raced, gendered, and sexualized discourses, as well as to consider the ways that they enact agency in these multiple contexts. I highlight the need for more studies that research out-of-school learning from a place of positive youth development and explore the role of relationship building in learning environments. / text

Litteraturstudien tar sin utgångspunkt i användandet av lärandemiljöer utanför klassrummet. Två begrepp bearbetas: ´outdoor education´ och ´out-of-school learning´. Denna litteraturstudie avser att jämföra fyra centrala studier inom de båda ovan nämnda begreppen för att sammanställa och analysera vad de behandlar. Likheter och skillnader i användningen av de båda begreppen lyfts fram. Förutom detta komparativa syfte är syftet också att redogöra för huruvida skolor kan använda dessa båda perspektiv i den naturvetenskapliga undervisningen i grundskolans senare årskurser.   I den första delen av analysen som behandlar studiens komparativa syfte framgår att det främst är likheter mellan de båda begreppen som återfinns, som exempelvis att de berör både de kognitiva och affektiva dimensionerna samt vikten av att ta tillvara på elevers erfarenheter. De båda begreppens innebörder är breda och innefattas bland annat av att förlägga undervisning utanför klassrummet men också att ta in omgivningen i klassrummet. I den andra delen av analysen som behandlar tillämpningar av de båda perspektiven framkommer att ´outdoor education´ och ´out-of-school learning´ med fördel kan användas i grundskolans senare årskurser då användandet bland annat visat sig ge positiva effekter på elevers motivation och intresse samt att naturvetenskapen blir mer autentisk för eleverna.  Flera av studierna använder sig av ´outdoor education´ och ´out-of-school learning´ för att belysa miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor.   Fem kategorier som berörs av ´outdoor education´ och ´out-of-school learning´ urskiljs i denna uppsats: elevers lärande, hälsoaspekter, arbetssätt, elevers roller och elevers erfarenheter.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

O fenômeno do fracasso escolar no ensino de 1º grau, os interesses dos jovens adolescentes por mídias, as características e comportamentos específicos destes jovens em início de adolescência motivaram esta pesquisa sobre o cotidiano de alunos e professores de 5ªs séries. Assim, a preocupação central deste estudo está voltada para questões que dizem respeito aos adolescentes, situando-os em duas instâncias formadoras: escola e televisão. O presente trabalho, realizado sob a forma de pesquisa qualitativa, consistiu de um estudo de caso e de um experimento didático com professores e alunos, realizados em 1994, numa escola pública de periferia na cidade de Campinas, no Estado de São Paulo. Neste contexto, apresentam-se na tese: * informações obtidas com o estudo de caso acerca da escola, do corpo docente e sobre uma das 5ª séries, objetos de investigação; * informações obtidas sobre a classe pesquisada (5ª série B), seus interesses, problemas, sua relação com a escola, com a TV e com a telenovela; * uma experiência didática sistematizada e analisada através da Pedagogia da Comunicação. As atividades desenvolvidas para o estudo do cotidiano escolar encaminharam-se para a utilização da Pedagogia da Comunicação, através de uma experiência de ensino-pesquisa. O experimento procurou tornar dinâmico e interessante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem escolar pelo entrecruzamento intencional das instâncias sociais do saber: escola, televisão e vida cotidiana do aluno. Obteve-se o envolvimento dos alunos e, com estes, o trabalho pôde ser executado num clima de parceria, de satisfação cultural, de diálogo, de construção conjunta de conhecimentos. Por outro lado, muitos dos objetivos previstos para serem alcançados com os docentes não puderam ser atingidos na íntegra por diferentes problemas, entre os quais, os existentes na estrutura e organização da escola pesquisada que terminaram influenciando o docente. Acredita-se que os elementos levantados com a pesquisa contribuíram, entre outros aspectos, para o entendimento da relação aluno - televisão - professor podendo indicar caminhos para a realização de \"pesquisa enquanto ensino\". / The school failure phenomenon in the 1st.degree teaching, along with the teenagers interests on the media, as well as students characteristics and special behaviour in an early adolescence have motivated this research on the daily life of pupils and teachers in the 5th. years of the 1st. Degree. So, the main purpose of this study is turned to questions related to adolescents, placing them in two different forming instances: school and television. The present work, was carried out as a qualitative research and consisted of a case study and a didactic experiment with teachers and students during the year of 1994, in a suburban public school , in Campinas, a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The topics below make part of the corpus of the present Thesis: * information obtained by a case study about a school, its teachers, and specifically on the 5th years; * information attained on one of the researched class (5th year B ), the students interests and problems as well as their relation with the school/ television and the soap opera; * a systematised and analysed experiment through the Communication Pedagogy. All the activities carried out to study the daily school life were led to the usage of the Communication Pedagogy through a teaching-research experiment. The experimentation tried to make the teaching and learning process dynamic and interesting by the intentional crossing of knowledge social instances: school, television and students daily life. We have obtained the students participation and along with them the work could be accomplished in a sharing atmosphere where dialogue and cultural satisfaction as well as a co-operative knowledge construction could always be noticed. On the other hand, many of the foreseen objectives to be reached with the teachers could not be accomplished totally. The real activities carried out with the students and teachers are described in the following pages and make the corpus of the present research.

O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar determinantes e significado do retardo do crescimento na idade pré-escolar. Em uma primeira etapa do trabalho, a partir de um Censo de Estaturas envolvendo ingressantes de todas escolas (públicas e particulares) do Município de Osasco, realizado no início do ano letivo de 1989, foram selecionados casos e controles para a investigação retrospectiva dos determinantes sociais do retardo do crescimento. Os CASOS, totalizando 192 ingressantes, foram caracterizados pelo índice altura/idade inferior a menos dois escore z da população de referência do NCHS/OMS. Os CONTROLES, totalizando 219 ingressantes, foram caracterizados pelo índice altura/idade superior a menos um escore z. Em uma segunda etapa, avaliou-se o estado nutricional atual dos CASOS e CONTROLES através da relação peso/altura e de medidas derivadas do perímetro braquial e prega cutânea tricipital. Em uma terceira etapa, utilizando-se um delineamento prospectivo, avaliou-se o aproveitamento escolar ao longo do ano letivo dos CASOS e CONTROLES. Classe social, renda familiar per capita, escolaridade do chefe da casa e da mãe, condições de habitação e saneamento foram fatores que se associaram significativamente com o risco de retardo do crescimento. Os índices antropométricos indicativos do estado nutricional atual mostraram-se inferiorizados nos ingressantes com retardo do crescimento, seja com relação aos ingressantes sem retardo do crescimento seja com relação ao padrão esperado para crianças com bom estado nutricional. O aproveitamento escolar dos alunos que ingressaram com retardo do crescimento foi inferior ao dos alunos sem retardo, verificando-se que o risco maior de \"reprovação\" desses alunos mantinha-se mesmo com o controle de possíveis variáveis de confusão, ou seja, estado nutricional atual e variáveis sócio-econômicas. / The objective of the present study was to investigate the determinants and the significance of linear growth retardation in preschool years. The study was divided into three parts. lt began with a Height Census carried out in the school year of 1989, involving children attending the first grade of all public and private schools of Osasco (metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil). Cases and contrais were selected for the retrospective investigation of the social determinants of growth retardation. The CASES, totalling 192 children entering school, were characterized by the height-for-age indice below -2 z score of the NCHS/OMS reference population. The CONTROLS, totalling 219 children entering school, were characterized by the height-for-age above -1 z score. In the second part of the study, the present nutritional status of CASES and CONTROLS was assessed through the weight-for-height índice and the measures derived from the upper arm circunference and the triceps skinfold thickness. Finally, using a prospective study, the school improvement of the children was evaluated along the school year of CASES and CONTROLS. Social class, per capita family income, education of the head of the household and of the mother, environmental sanitation and housing conditions were significant factors associated with the risk of growth retardation. The anthropometric indicators of the present nutritional status showed to be inferior with stunted school children, both in relation to children entering school showing no growth retardation and to the expected pattern for children with good nutritional status. School improvement of stunted school children was inferior than students without growth retardation. It was found that the increased risk of school failure of those students remained the same, even with the control of possible confounding variables (present nutritional status and socioeconomic variables).

The case study examines the outcomes of a process of re-structuring, renewal and cultural change in a school undergoing transformation from a senior high school to a middle school. The research investigates the impact of school improvement initiatives on the school and classroom culture and learning environment after 12 to 18 months of reform implementation.The research approach is a developmental mixed method investigation utilising quantitative and qualitative data collection procedures. The study proceeded through two stages: Quantitative surveying of students and parents prior to the implementation of school improvement initiatives; and quantitative and qualitative surveying of students and parents after 12 and 18 months, respectively, of reform implementation and application of the treatment.Evidence of change in the college and classroom culture and learning environment was evident after twelve months. The case study identified that students and parents identified changes in a number of elements of the classroom culture and learning environment. These included improvements in home-school communications, involvement in classroom planning and organization, relationships between teachers and students, school culture and evidence of pedagogical change. The research also identified that change had not occurred in the attainment of student learning outcomes, educational values and parent confidence to assist students in their learning.It became apparent that change in the organisational culture had occurred within the first 12 to 18 months. However, change to the deeper cultural dimensions of educational values and student learning outcomes were less in evidence.

The study sought to investigate the nature of learning that occurs in two different approaches (integrated and non-integrated) to an artist-in-residency program. The program was conducted in middle phase schooling, and adopted the principles of authentic learning. Two year five classes and their teachers participated in the study. The residency provided learning experiences that connected to the curriculum unit theme for one year five class (integrated), but not for the other year five class (non-integrated). These experiences were designed to relate to the learner's lived experiences and promote higher-order thinking processes. The study sought to explore the potential for visual arts residencies to foster more 'authentic' modes of learning. The study examined children's ability to transfer knowledge, gained through the visual and verbal analysis of images, by manipulating and integrating diverse information and ideas. Grounded Theory was deemed to be an appropriate research methodology for this study as it involves gathering data in field settings and applying inductive methods to analyze this data. Diverse data collection strategies were implemented including: teacher stories, interviews, student reflection, researcher observations and student artworks. LeximancerTM software was selected as an instrument for analyzing data. This software was considered appropriate as it fosters a descriptive and interpretive approach to analysis. The findings of the study indicated that children who participated in the integrated artist-in-school's curriculum program demonstrated more evidence of higher-order thinking processes than children who participated in the non-integrated program. The participants undertaking the integrated approach were able to establish relatively complex relationships between the central residency concepts, demonstrating an ability to use visual and verbal codes of communication to articulate their ideas, knowledge and experiences. A further important finding identified positive student behavioural outcomes, where the integrated residency approach appeared to connect group members as small supportive learning communities. The study also identified a transition in the teacher's perspectives on teaching and learning after participating in the integrated approach. This research project has significance both nationally and internationally by investigating current practices in artist-in-schools programs that both enhance and hinder educational outcomes. The study has significance to the broader educational community in terms of its focus on the role of visual arts specialist adjuncts in maximising learning outcomes. The findings of this study could provide insight into the interrelationship between visual arts and other curriculum areas to heighten student learning outcomes. The findings of the study illustrate how particular approaches to visual art in education can enhance children's learning and development. These insights can assist artists undertaking residencies in schools, and the teachers involved, to provide richer learning experiences. The findings provide ifirther evidence to support an approach that involves close collaboration between resident artists and educators. It is recommended that the residency learning experiences are connected to the children's lived experiences and that there is social support from teachers, parents and peers. It is also argued that for a residency to be considered 'authentic', the approach requires a number of essential and valuable attributes. These essential and valuable attributes have two tiers of application which coalesce to contribute to the efficacy of a school art residency.