In this contribution, we investigate the privacy implications of social robots as an emerging mobile technology. Drawing on a scoping literature review and expert interviews, we show how social robots come with privacy implications that go beyond those of established mobile technology. Social robots challenge not only users’ informational privacy but also affect their physical, psychological, and social privacy due to their autonomy and potential for social bonding. These distinctive privacy challenges require study from varied theoretical perspectives, with contextual privacy and human–machine communication emerging as particularly fruitful lenses. Findings also point to an increasing focus on technological privacy solutions, complementing an evolving legal landscape as well as a strengthening of user agency and literacy.

Background: A significant amount of research has previously been conducted in developing countries such as India, to improve women’s sexual and reproductive health. However, women living in North Indian slums still have poor access to proper sexual and reproductive healthcare. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the published literature to create a consolidated understanding of the key barriers faced by women in slum populations when accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Northern India. Methods: A scoping review was carried out following the five stages outlined in Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Five online databases (MEDLINE, Global Health, Ovid Emcare, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched. An interpretive thematic analysis was conducted to extract meaningful themes from the data using the Conceptual Framework for Reproductive Empowerment developed by the International Center for Research on Women Results: In total, 28 articles were identified to be incorporated into the scoping review. The results of this study were grouped according to the CFFRE to understand how they compared in regard to women’s reproductive empowerment. This scoping review found reproductive empowerment was significantly hindered by women lacking a proper education and understanding of SRH services, lack of employment and financial resources. Additionally, women’s husbands and mothers-in-laws were barriers to contraceptive use. Finally, poor interactions with healthcare providers and the healthcare system, and systemic factors such as behaviours in treatment seeking, son preference and religion were barriers to accessing SRH services. Conclusion: This scoping review investigated the barriers faced by women living in slum populations in Northern India to accessing SRH services. The results of this study contribute to the literature by identifying areas that require improvement to SRH services for women living in slums, and will be integral to implementing strategies and interventions to allow better access to SRH services in the future. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / A significant amount of research has previously been conducted in India, to improve women’s sexual and reproductive health. However, women living in North Indian slums still have poor access to proper sexual and reproductive healthcare. Therefore, this study investigated the key barriers faced by women in slum populations when accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Northern India. A review of previous studies was conducted by searching five electronic databases and a total 28 articles were included into the review. This study found that women lacking a proper education and understanding of SRH services, lack of employment and financial resources, and women’s husbands and mothers-in-laws were barriers to SRH services. Finally, poor interactions with healthcare providers and the healthcare system, and systemic factors such as behaviours in treatment seeking, son preference, and religion were also barriers to accessing SRH services.

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Adolescent and young Canadians are a group with the highest rates of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Such conditions, when unaddressed, negatively impact the development of a person, restricting their chances of attaining a fulfilling future and career. Even when deciding to reach out to access care, the process can be a challenging one with many barriers along the way. Online therapies in the form of online Cognitive Behavioural Therapies, have shown to be a promising format for some, but have faced some shortcomings with low uptake and variable results. Adding guidance and support to such therapies has been shown to help address these barriers. The objective of this research is to explore how support is currently provided for online cognitive behaviour therapies for anxiety and depression, targeting adolescents and young adults. To achieve this objective a scoping review methodology was utilized to identify relevant articles. The approach taken in a scoping review methodology allows for identification of a wide range of articles, which was necessary in this case because research isolating support features from other interventions is very limited. The scoping review identified fifty articles to be reviewed, and they were analyzed using a framework created for this review. The framework covered human, delivery, and design factors. Consultations with five key informants was also used to identify more findings related to the themes identified in the framework and to complement the findings from the articles in the scoping review. The resulting picture identified the field of support for online CBT for anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults, covering a field with a great diversity ranging from virtual guides to face-to-face support from therapists. The features were organized into groups of ‘toolkits’ that can be considered by CBT developers for different situations and needs. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

This is a sandwich thesis / In an interrupted time series (ITS) design, data are collected at multiple time points before and after the implementation of an intervention or program to investigate the effect of the intervention on an outcome of interest. ITS design is often implemented in healthcare settings and is considered the strongest quasi-experimental design in terms of internal and external validity as well as its ability to establish causal relationships. There are several statistical methods that can be used to analyze data from ITS studies. Nevertheless, limitations exist in practical applications, where researchers inappropriately apply the methods, and frequently ignore the assumptions and factors that may influence the optimality of the statistical analysis. Moreover, there is little to no guidance available regarding the application of the various methods, and a standardized framework for analysis of ITS studies does not exist. As such, there is a need to identify and compare existing ITS methods in terms of their strengths and limitations. Their methodological challenges also need to be investigated to inform and direct future research. In light of this, this PhD thesis addresses two main objectives: 1) to conduct a scoping review of the methods that have been employed in the analysis of ITS studies, and 2) to develop improved methods that address a major limitation of the statistical methods frequently used in ITS data analysis. These objectives are addressed in three projects. For the first project, a scoping review of the methods that have been used in analyzing ITS data was conducted, with the focus on ITS applications in health research. The review was based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Handbook for scoping reviews. A total of 1389 studies were included in our scoping review. The articles were grouped into methods papers and applications papers based on the focus of the article. For the methods papers, we narratively described the identified methods and discussed their strengths and limitations. The application papers were summarized using frequencies and percentages. We identified some limitations of current methods and provided some recommendations useful in health research. In the second project, we developed and presented an improved method for ITS analysis when the data at each time point are aggregated across several participants, which is the most common case in ITS studies in healthcare settings. We considered the segmented linear regression approach, which our scoping review identified as the most frequently used method in ITS studies. When data are aggregated, heterogeneity is introduced due to variability in the patient population within sites (e.g. healthcare facilities) and this is ignored in the segmented linear regression method. Moreover, statistical uncertainty (imprecision) is introduced in the data because of the sample size (number of participants from whom data are aggregated). Ignoring this variability and uncertainty will likely lead to invalid estimates and loss of statistical power, which in turn leads to erroneous conclusions. Our proposed method incorporates patient variability and sample size as weights in a weighted segmented regression model. We performed extensive simulations and assessed the performance of our method using established performance criteria, such as bias, mean squared error, level and statistical power. We also compared our method with the segmented linear regression approach. The results indicated that the weighted segmented regression was uniformly more precise, less biased and more powerful than the segmented linear regression method. In the third project, we extended the weighted method to multisite ITS studies, where data are aggregated at two levels: across several participants within sites as well as across multiple sites. The extended method incorporates the two levels of heterogeneity using weights, where the weights are defined using patient variability, sample size, number of sites as well as site-to-site variability. This extended weighted regression model, which follows the weighted least squares approach is employed to estimate parameters and perform significance testing. We conducted extensive empirical evaluations using various scenarios generated from a multi-site ITS study and compared the performance of our method with that of the segmented linear regression model as well as a pooled analysis method previously developed for multisite studies. We observed that for most scenarios considered, our method produced estimates with narrower 95% confidence intervals and smaller p-values, indicating that our method is more precise and is associated with more statistical power. In some scenarios, where we considered low levels of heterogeneity, our method and the previously proposed method showed comparable results. In conclusion, this PhD thesis facilitates future ITS research by laying the groundwork for developing standard guidelines for the design and analysis of ITS studies. The proposed improved method for ITS analysis, which is the weighted segmented regression, contributes to the advancement of ITS research and will enable researchers to optimize their analysis, leading to more precise and powerful results. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Syftet med denna scoping review är att identifiera och syntetisera publikationer om förebyggande arbete mot ungdomskriminalitet. Arbetet strävar efter att sammanställa forskningsläget kring arbetssätt inom preventionsarbetet med ungdomskriminalitet. En litteratursökning har genomförts för insamling av data och en deduktiv manifest innehållsanalys användes för att identifiera, kategorisera och analysera relevant information. Sju studier identifierades där interventionerna som framkom i litteraturen kategoriserades in i tre olika teman: utbildningsbaserade interventioner, samhällsbaserade interventioner samt interventioner för individ och familj. Resultatet visar att interventionerna övervägande fungerar bra i det förebyggande arbetet för de ungdomar som interventionerna riktar sig till, men mer kvalitativ svensk forskning behövs inom området. / The purpose of this scoping review is to identify and synthesize publications on preventive work against juvenile delinquency. This paper aims to put together a compilation of the current state of research regarding working methods within the prevention work with juvenile delinquency. A literature search was conducted to collect data, and a deductive manifest content analysis was used to identify, categorize, and analyze relevant information. Seven studies were identified and the interventions that were found in the literature were categorized into three different themes: education-based interventions, community-based interventions, and interventions for the individual and family. The results show that the interventions predominantly work well for the youths targeted by the interventions, but more qualitative Swedish research is needed on this topic.

No setor saude no Brasil, o termo gestao do trabalho passou a ser utilizado principalmente apos a 12ª Conferencia Nacional de Saude, por haver criticas ao termo gestao de recursos humanos. Entretanto, o que e gestao do trabalho em saude? O que se tem produzido no Brasil a respeito desse tema? Como essa expressao vem sendo utilizada na producao cientifica brasileira? Esta pesquisa busca analisar a producao cientifica publicada em periodicos brasileiros com relacao a incorporacao da expressao gestao do trabalho em saude. Foi realizado um scoping review na base de dados Lilacs, com exclusao de teses, livros, estudos sem resumo, estudos repetidos, monografias e documentos governamentais. Foram encontrados 495 estudos, submetidos a criterios de inclusao e exclusao por tres juizes, 74 artigos foram considerados na integra para mapeamento. Dos artigos mapeados, 34 foram selecionados para pesquisa. Com relacao as caracteristicas dos estudos, os especialistas do Sudeste e Sul brasileiro produziram mais artigos sobre o tema, com abordagem metodologica predominantemente qualitativa publicados nos periodicos Cadernos de Saude Publica e Ciencia & Saude Coletiva. Tais publicacoes apresentaram crescimento numerico principalmente apos 2006, com a 3ª Conferencia Nacional de Gestao do Trabalho e Educacao em Saude. Com relacao a incorporacao, os dados extraidos resultaram no mapeamento de cinco temas: conceito de gestao do trabalho em saude, formulacao de politicas, participacao dos trabalhadores nos processos de trabalho (desalienacao e autonomia), precarizacao do trabalho e desafios para o gestao do trabalho em saude. Apesar do consenso a respeito da complexidade conceitual da expressao, sao explorados aspectos distintos, de acordo com a interpretacao de cada autor com destaque para alguns desafios na gestao do trabalho em saude: novas exigencias na qualificacao profissional, equipes heterogeneas de trabalho, presenca predominantemente da mulher no mercado de trabalho, burocratizacao e predominio de rotinas e protocolos. As discussoes teoricas sao amplas mas as aplicacoes praticas sao escassas, restando um questionamento que nao foi totalmente desvelado: gestao do trabalho em saude, uma mudanca terminologica ou de paradigma? / The expression work management in healthcare has been used mainly after the 12ª National Conference of Health, because the expression human resour- ce management was being criticized. However, what is work management in healthcare? What has been done concerning this issue in Brazil? How is this expression being used by the Brazilian scientific production? This research aims to analyze the scientific production published in Brazilian journals and related to the expression work management in healthcare. A scoping review was made using the LILACS database as a reference, with the exception of thesis, books, papers without abstract, duplicate studies, monographs and governmental documents. 495 studies were found and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria by three judges; 74 articles were fully considered for mapping. From the mapped articles, 34 were used for research. Regarding the studies characteristics, specialists from the Brazilian South and Southeast areas produced more papers about the issue on journals such as Cadernos de Saude Publica and Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, with the predominance of qualitative methodological approach. These publications presented numerical growth especially from 2006 onwards, after the 3rd National Conference of Work Management and Education in Healthcare. Regarding the expression usage, the extracted data resulted on the mapping of five topics: concept of work management in healthcare, policy formulation, participation of workers in the work processes (disalienation and autonomy), precarious work and challenges for the work management in healthcare. Despite the consensus about the conceptual complexity of such expression, distinct aspects are explored according to each authors interpretation highlighting some challenges for work management in healthcare: new job requirements, many kinds of professionals in work team, women in the labor market bureaucratization, routines and protocols. The theoretical discussions are broad and the practical applications are scarce, generating a question that was not completely answered: does work management in healthcare represent a change of terminology or paradigm?

No setor saude no Brasil, o termo gestao do trabalho passou a ser utilizado principalmente apos a 12ª Conferencia Nacional de Saude, por haver criticas ao termo gestao de recursos humanos. Entretanto, o que e gestao do trabalho em saude? O que se tem produzido no Brasil a respeito desse tema? Como essa expressao vem sendo utilizada na producao cientifica brasileira? Esta pesquisa busca analisar a producao cientifica publicada em periodicos brasileiros com relacao a incorporacao da expressao gestao do trabalho em saude. Foi realizado um scoping review na base de dados Lilacs, com exclusao de teses, livros, estudos sem resumo, estudos repetidos, monografias e documentos governamentais. Foram encontrados 495 estudos, submetidos a criterios de inclusao e exclusao por tres juizes, 74 artigos foram considerados na integra para mapeamento. Dos artigos mapeados, 34 foram selecionados para pesquisa. Com relacao as caracteristicas dos estudos, os especialistas do Sudeste e Sul brasileiro produziram mais artigos sobre o tema, com abordagem metodologica predominantemente qualitativa publicados nos periodicos Cadernos de Saude Publica e Ciencia & Saude Coletiva. Tais publicacoes apresentaram crescimento numerico principalmente apos 2006, com a 3ª Conferencia Nacional de Gestao do Trabalho e Educacao em Saude. Com relacao a incorporacao, os dados extraidos resultaram no mapeamento de cinco temas: conceito de gestao do trabalho em saude, formulacao de politicas, participacao dos trabalhadores nos processos de trabalho (desalienacao e autonomia), precarizacao do trabalho e desafios para o gestao do trabalho em saude. Apesar do consenso a respeito da complexidade conceitual da expressao, sao explorados aspectos distintos, de acordo com a interpretacao de cada autor com destaque para alguns desafios na gestao do trabalho em saude: novas exigencias na qualificacao profissional, equipes heterogeneas de trabalho, presenca predominantemente da mulher no mercado de trabalho, burocratizacao e predominio de rotinas e protocolos. As discussoes teoricas sao amplas mas as aplicacoes praticas sao escassas, restando um questionamento que nao foi totalmente desvelado: gestao do trabalho em saude, uma mudanca terminologica ou de paradigma? / The expression work management in healthcare has been used mainly after the 12ª National Conference of Health, because the expression human resour- ce management was being criticized. However, what is work management in healthcare? What has been done concerning this issue in Brazil? How is this expression being used by the Brazilian scientific production? This research aims to analyze the scientific production published in Brazilian journals and related to the expression work management in healthcare. A scoping review was made using the LILACS database as a reference, with the exception of thesis, books, papers without abstract, duplicate studies, monographs and governmental documents. 495 studies were found and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria by three judges; 74 articles were fully considered for mapping. From the mapped articles, 34 were used for research. Regarding the studies characteristics, specialists from the Brazilian South and Southeast areas produced more papers about the issue on journals such as Cadernos de Saude Publica and Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, with the predominance of qualitative methodological approach. These publications presented numerical growth especially from 2006 onwards, after the 3rd National Conference of Work Management and Education in Healthcare. Regarding the expression usage, the extracted data resulted on the mapping of five topics: concept of work management in healthcare, policy formulation, participation of workers in the work processes (disalienation and autonomy), precarious work and challenges for the work management in healthcare. Despite the consensus about the conceptual complexity of such expression, distinct aspects are explored according to each authors interpretation highlighting some challenges for work management in healthcare: new job requirements, many kinds of professionals in work team, women in the labor market bureaucratization, routines and protocols. The theoretical discussions are broad and the practical applications are scarce, generating a question that was not completely answered: does work management in healthcare represent a change of terminology or paradigm?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Felipe Monteiro da Cruz.pdf: 1120633 bytes, checksum: d3555ee9c2eb1c9cd6a982a89aefd3bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Behavior Analysis, as a descriptive and experimental science, capable to indicate the causes of complex behaviors, offers a mean to study and modify many social issues. However, the field of public health, and more specificaly the field of health promotion, has been seldom studied by behavior analysts. As a scoping review, the presente study researched the data produced by studies in the application of Behavior Analysis to health promotion, with the purpose of identifying the types of intervention that are being applied, as well as possible methodological and conceptual gaps in researches. Studies were coleted from five databases: Lilacs, PubMed, ERIC, Scopus e PsycINFO. Studies were analyzed for bibliometrics, type of research, target behaviors and population, research designs and also in relation to criteria for the evaluation of health promotion initiatives, proposed by the WHO (social participation, empowerment, equity, sustainability, multi-strategic actions and a holistic conception of health). Publications should match inclusion criteria to be considered a Behavior Analysis study. A total of 89 studies were analyzed. Data collection indicated that the majority of the studies were conducted in the United States (89,8%). Most represented types of research were predictores/determinants studies (34,8%), interventions (25,8%) and discussion papers (25,8%). Among the studies that planned some form of intervention, the majority (77%) reache no more than three, of the six WHO criteria of evaluations. Based in these data, we argue for a higher approach by behavior analysts to modern discussions in health promotion / A Análise do Comportamento, enquanto ciência descritiva e experimental, capaz de apontar as causas dos comportamentos mais complexos, oferece meios de estudar e modificar uma grande gama de problemas sociais. Entretanto, uma área de atuação pouco estudada por analistas do comportamento é a saúde pública, mais especificamente a promoção da saúde. Como uma revisão de escopo, a atual pesquisa buscou levantar dados produzidos por estudos em Análise do Comportamento aplicada à promoção da saúde, com o objetivo de identificar tipos de intervenção sendo utilizados, possíveis lacunas metodológicas ou conceituais e a extensão desses estudos. Estudos foram coletados em cinco bases de dados: Lilacs, PubMed, ERIC, Scopus e PsycINFO. Estudos foram analisados a partir de dados bibliométricos, dados relacionados ao tipo de estudo conduzido, classes de comportamentos alvos, população alvo, delineamentos de pesquisa e também em relação a critérios para avaliação de intervenções de promoção da saúde propostos pela OMS (participação social, empoderamento, equidade, sustentabilidade, ações multi-estratégicas e concepção holística de saúde). Publicações deveriam preencher critérios de inclusão para serem consideradas pesquisas em Análise do Comportamento. Um total de 89 pesquisas foram analisadas. A coleta de dados indicou que a maioria dos estudos foi realizada nos Estados Unidos (89,8%). Tipos de pesquisa com maior representação foram estudos de preditores/determinantes (34,8%), intervenções (25,8%) e artigos de discussão (25,8%). Entre estudos que planejaram algum tipo de intervenção, a maioria (77%) atingiu até três, dos seis critérios de avaliação da OMS. Com base nesses dados, discute-se por uma aproximação maior de analistas do comportamento a discussões atuais na área da promoção da saúde

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