This thesis by article contains three chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of recent developments in global refugee education policy to situate Refugee Education 2030, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ current international refugee education strategy, within global policy initiatives. It then reviews the literature on refugee education policy that informed the development of a methodology of vertical policy coherence analysis with Refugee Education 2030 to answer the research questions of the thesis. Finally, it addresses my researcher positionality and journey leading to the thesis. The second chapter contains the manuscript for an article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the vertical coherence of Canadian policy regimes towards the primary and secondary education of refugee children and youth with Refugee Education 2030. The article presents a theoretical framework for policy coherence analysis that combines policy coherence theory, policy attributes theory, and policy behaviour theory, as well as a tri-phasic methodology for vertical policy coherence analysis with an international framework designed to be adapted to different contexts to guide the development of country-specific education policies. The theoretical framework and methodology are applied to determine the categories of needs underpinning Enabling Activities of a Strategic Objective of Refugee Education 2030, to assess these needs as presented by refugee children and youth in Canada, and to analyze the coherence of Canadian education policy responses to these needs with Refugee Education 2030. The findings indicate that there are five categories of needs inherent in the Enabling Activities of the selected Strategic Objective, specifically access to education, accelerated education, language education, mental health and psychosocial support, and special education; that all of these categories of needs are present in refugee claimant and/or refugee children and youth in all of Canada’s educational jurisdictions; and that there are significant gaps in policy responses to these needs. Taken together, the findings permitted a discussion on priorities for the revision and development of refugee education policy across Canadian jurisdictions to ensure greater coherence with Refugee Education 2030. The third chapter summarizes the findings of the contextualized analysis of the vertical coherence of Canadian refugee education policy regimes with Refugee Education 2030. Additional findings that could not be incorporated in the article due to the manuscript submission guidelines Schutte iv of the intended journal of publication are then presented and discussed. The thesis concludes with reflections on my research journey.

Denna studie undersöker hur forskningsområdet “skäl att personer stannar i ett våldsamt förhållande” ser ut, vilka kunskapsluckor det finns i området och beskriver vilka samhällsgrupper det behövs mer forskning om. Genom en scoping review kartlägger denna studie hur långt forskningen kommit och vad vi idag vet om anledningar till att heterosexuella män och kvinnor, HBTQI-personer, unga och äldre stannar i en våldsam relation. I studien presenteras internationell forskning som är avgränsad till en västerländsk kontext. Studien använder sig av en tematisk analys för att undersöka om det finns likheter och skillnader i forskningen kring de utvalda grupperna. Socialkonstruktionism, paradigm och fält används som teoretiska begrepp i syfte att undersöka potentiella förklaringar till varför forskningsområdet ser ut som det gör. Analysen kommer fram till att samhällsdiskursen kring våld, sättet som forskningen utformas samt forskningens aktörer och finansiering påverkar hur forskningsområdet ser ut och den kunskap vi idag har om anledningar att olika grupper stannar i en våldsam relation. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns en kunskapslucka i forskningen och att det saknas forskning om varför andra grupper än heterosexuella kvinnor stannar i en våldsam relation. Forskningen som beskriver anledningar att män i heterosexuella förhållande, HBTQI-personer, unga och äldre stannar i ett våldsamt förhållande är knapp och behöver utvecklas för att samhället ska kunna förstå och hjälpa dessa personer på ett adekvat sätt.

[pt] A COVID-19 foi declarada como uma pandemia em março de 2020 pela OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde) e até abril de 2022 infectou aproximadamente 490,7 milhões de pessoas, com pelo menos 6,17 milhões de mortes. A pandemia desafiou a segurança alimentar, agricultura e cadeias de alimentos frescos. Pesquisas sobre a análise de cadeias de suprimentos agroalimentares durante a COVID-19 indicam um maior impacto em pequenos fornecedores destas cadeias, principalmente as cadeias mais curtas, que são aquelas que possuem poucos elos. Neste contexto, esse trabalho analisa os efeitos da COVID-19 em cadeias de alimentos frescos. É desenvolvido, assim, um estudo de caso em uma organização de produtores do Rio de Janeiro. Esse estudo cobre uma revisão de escopo que identifica na literatura os principais impactos e políticas da pandemia nessa cadeia. Em seguida, os resultados são avaliados através de uma pesquisa de levantamento (survey) na organização para avaliar se as variáveis encontradas na literatura possuem aderência com as variáveis identificadas pelos respondentes da survey, que são pequenos produtores no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Por fim, o problema é modelado por meio de uma simulação por dinâmica de sistemas. Os resultados mostraram que a cadeia de suprimentos da organização é sensível a variáveis de impacto como aumento do custo de produção e não entrega de produtos, pois ao aumentar o custo de produção e a não entregar produtos, a taxa de vendas é impactada negativamente. A política de investimento em logística mostra que a taxa de vendas é impactada positivamente quando se aumenta o investimento. / [en] COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the WHO (World Health Organization), and at the beginning of April 2022, it had infected approximately 490.7 million people, with at least 6.17 million deaths. The pandemic has challenged food security, agriculture, and fresh food chains. Research on the analysis of agri-food supply chains during COVID-19 indicates a more significant impact on small suppliers of these chains, especially the shorter chains, which are those with few links. In this context, this work analyzes the effects of COVID-19 on fresh food chains. Thus, a case study is developed in a producer organization in Rio de Janeiro. This study covers a scoping review that identifies in the literature the main impacts and policies of the pandemic in this chain. Then, the results are evaluated through a survey in the organization to assess whether the variables found in the literature match the variables identified by the survey respondents, who are small producers in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Finally, the problem is modeled through a system dynamics simulation. The results showed that the organization s supply chain is sensitive to impact variables such as increased production cost and non-delivery of products. As increasing production cost and not delivering products, the sales rate is negatively impacted. The investment policy in logistics shows that the sales rate is positively impacted when investment increases.

No description available.

Despite the developmental and clinical importance of body image during the pre-adolescent and adolescent years, there remains a dearth of information on the body image experiences of immigrant children and adolescents. This thesis represents a purposeful attempt to examine body image experiences among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents in Canada and the United States (US). Specifically, the thesis integrates multiple methods (scoping reviews, qualitative interpretive description, quantitative multi-level modeling) and samples (clinical and population-based samples) to systematically contribute to the academic literature focusing on body image experiences among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents in Canada and the US. Consisting of four conceptually related studies, this thesis makes the following methodological and conceptual contributions to epidemiological and clinical research and practice. First, the results from all four studies point to the need to develop standardized approaches for identifying and classifying immigrant and ethnic-minority children and adolescents. This will substantially increase the field’s ability to systematically characterize the nature and magnitude of body image dissatisfaction, body image distortion, and their associated outcomes among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents. In addition, this systematic classification has the potential to inform the development or adaptation of universal and targeted preventative intervention strategies. Second, Study’s 1 and 2 demonstrate a clear need to further examine the constructs and experiences of acculturation and acculturative stress in relation to the body image experiences of immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents. The literature is unclear with respect to whether or not immigrant adolescents’ adoption of the values, behaviours and ideals of the Canadian or US culture increases their risk for body image concerns. On the other hand, we are also unclear as to whether or not immigrant adolescents’ retaining of the values, behaviours and ideals of their culture of origin may offer protection from poor body image experiences. Similarly, we are unclear about whether—and to what extent—stress as a result of adolescents’ acculturative experiences (i.e. acculturative stress) influence the onset or pervasiveness of body image concerns. Greater understanding about these constructs and processes and the extent to which they are implicated in the body image experiences among immigrant children and adolescents has the potential to inform culturally competent and targeted intervention approaches. Results from Study 3 indicate that immigrant adolescents have body image and appearance-related concerns that extend beyond what has typically been found among non-immigrant adolescents. More specifically, immigrant adolescents are concerned about the appearance of their skin (texture, complexion), their hair, their teeth, as well as other bodily features. It would be prudent for future researchers and clinicians to consider this information in relation to measuring, classifying and addressing body image dissatisfaction among immigrant adolescents. Finally, Study 4 demonstrates that females and first generation immigrants with body image dissatisfaction are at significantly elevated risk for body image distortion. This suggests that the assessment and intervention for body image dissatisfaction—particularly among females—soon after the migratory experience may play an important role in reducing body image distortion experiences. Taken together, the findings of this thesis strengthen the body image field by demonstrating that there are several unique aspects about being an immigrant that can influence adolescents’ body image experiences; and therefore, should be considered from a conceptual and methodological standpoint in future research and implementation of body image interventions. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion have been linked to serious psychological outcomes, including depression and eating disorders. Yet, we know very little about the nature of these experiences among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents. This thesis uses qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as general population and clinical samples to investigate body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents in Canada and the United States. Results provide important information that can inform the development of preventative interventions targeting body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion among immigrant and non-immigrant children and adolescents.

Problématique : Les milieux cliniques ont généralement recours à des critères afin d’assurer l’éligibilité et la sécurité de la mobilisation précoce chez les patients mécaniquement ventilés à l’unité des soins intensifs (USI). Considérant que les protocoles de mobilisation et les critères neurologiques qui y sont associés sont peu définis malgré le fait que les altérations neurologiques soient courantes chez le patient ventilé, ce mémoire avait pour but d’investiguer les protocoles et les critères neurologiques qui peuvent être utilisés pour guider la mobilisation précoce à l’USI. Méthode : Les bases de données CINAHL, MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO et Web of Science ont été explorées en septembre 2022 et 32 articles ont été retenus. La méthodologie d’une revue de la portée décrite par Arksey et O’Malley (2005) a été suivie en tenant pour compte des recommandations supplémentaires formulées par Levac et collaborateurs (2010). Le cadre de référence Knowledge to Action, pertinent à la génération et au transfert d’évidences en sciences infirmières, a permis de structurer la formulation des recommandations pour la pratique. Critères de sélection : adultes (> 18ans) sous ventilation mécanique, intervention de mobilisation précoce initiée dans les deux à cinq jours suivant l’admission à l’USI, énoncer clairement les critères neurologiques. Résultats : Concernant la mobilisation précoce, 24 écrits (75%) ont décrit un protocole progressif d’exercices pouvant s’adapter aux fluctuations de l’état neurologique du patient à l’USI, alors que huit autres (25%) se sont intéressés par une intervention unique pour assurer la mobilité de leurs patients. En regard des critères neurologiques recensés, ils ont été rassemblés sous deux catégories : 1) l’état de sédation-agitation et 2) l’état de conscience. La majorité des écrits (n=20, 63%) ont eu recours à une échelle validée afin de structurer l’évaluation de ces critères, notamment par le biais du Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) (n=16, 50%), de l’Échelle de coma de Glasgow (n=2, 6%) et du Ramsey Sedation Scale (RSS) (n=1, 3%). En revanche, 12 écrits (38%) n’ont pas eu recours à une échelle pour l’évaluation de ces critères. Conclusion : L’utilisation de protocoles pouvant s’adapter à l’état neurologique des patients ventilés mécaniquement en combinaison à des critères neurologiques pouvant être mesurés à l’aide d’échelle validée est recommandée pour encadrer la pratique de mobilisation précoce ainsi que pour promouvoir cette intervention à l’USI. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour comprendre l’impact de la mobilisation sur la récupération neurologique à l’USI. / Background. Clinical settings typically use criteria to ensure the eligibility and safety of early mobilization in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Considering that mobilization protocols and associated neurological criteria are poorly defined despite the prevalence of neurological impairments in ventilated patients, this study aimed to investigate the protocols and neurological criteria that can be used to guide early mobilization in the ICU. Methods. In September 2022, CINAHL, MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were explored, and the selection processes resulted in a final number of 32 articles. The methodology of a scoping review described by Arskey and O’Malley (2005) was followed, and the recommendations by Levac and al., (2010) were also taken into account. The Knowledge to Action framework, relevant to the transfer of evidence in nursing sciences, was used to formulate recommendations for the practice. Selection criteria. adults (>18 years old) under mechanical ventilation, early mobilization intervention initiated within 2-5 days following admission to the ICU, neurological criteria stated by authors Results. Regarding early mobilization, 24 authors (75%) suggested a progressive exercises protocol, while eight (25%) focused on the use of a device or single type of exercises. The neurological criteria are represented under two categories, the level of sedation-agitation and the level of consciousness. Among the reviewed articles, evaluation was structured with a validated scale for the majority (n=20, 63%), as the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) (n=16, 50%), the Glasgow Coma Scale (n=2, 6%) and the Ramsey Sedation Scale (RSS) (n=1, 3%) were used. Conclusion. The use of protocols adapted to the neurological status of mechanically ventilated patients, with the combinaison of neurological criteria defined by validated scale is recommended to guide practice and promote this intervention. Additional studies could be conducted to better understand the impact of mobilization in the neurological recovery in the ICU.

La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est un trouble non progressif causé par une lésion cérébrale. La PC survient tôt dans la vie et présente une atteinte hétérogène et une altération fonctionnelle. Chez les personnes atteintes de PC, les modifications du Contrôle neuronal et des muscles entraînent des modifications permanentes de la fonction motrice, entraînant des déficits de mouvement. L'une des raisons des patrons de marche atypiques chez les enfants atteints de PC est l'altération l'activation musculaire. Un niveau anormal d'activation simultanée des muscles agonistes et antagonistes des muscles agonistes et antagonistes entourant une même articulation la même articulation empêche une performance de marche optimale chez les enfants atteints de PC. Ce phénomène est connu sous le nom de co-contraction musculaire (CoM) ou de co-activation musculaire (CaM) dans toutes les études. L'identification des schémas musculaires les plus détériorés, à savoir CoM/CaM, chez les enfants atteints de PC est essentielle pour une rééducation efficace de la marche. L'objectif de ce projet de maîtrise était donc de distinguer CoM/CaM chez les enfants atteints de PC de leurs pairs en développement typique (DT) pendant la marche. Cet objectif a été atteint en deux étapes ; Premièrement, nous avons décrit la CoM/CaM chez les personnes atteintes de PC via la réalisation d'une revue de littérature ; Ensuite, nous avons appliqué nos résultats de la première étape à une étude transversale pour comparer CoM/CaM pendant la marche entre des enfants atteints de CP et de DT. Une revue de littérature suivant la méthodologie en 6 étapes du Joanna Briggs Institute a été effectué. Les bases de données ont été consultées à l'aide de mots-clés pertinents. Toutes les études publiées sur CoM/CaM chez les personnes atteintes de PC pendant la marche ont été recueillies. Après un examen de la pertinence des titres et des résumés, un deuxième examen des textes intégraux des sources par deux examinateurs a été appliqué. Enfin, les données ont été extraites des articles inclus (n=21). Ensuite, à l'étape suivante, les principales méthodes utilisées pour quantifier la MCa identifiées à l'étape précédente ont été codées dans Matlab (The Mathworks Inc., Natick, États-Unis) et appliquées à nos données de 12 enfants atteints de CP et 23 enfants TD. Nous avons comparé le CaM moyen de deux groupes de muscles de la cuisse et de la jambe (Rectus Femoris (RF)/Semitendinosus (ST) et Tibialis Anterior (TA)/Lateral gastrocnemius (LG), respectivement) via des tests t non appariés (ou son équivalent non paramétrique). La revue de littérature a suggéré une CaM plus élevée chez les personnes atteintes de PC par rapport à leurs pairs en bonne santé dans toutes les études. Bien qu'il y ait eu une terminologie et des approches méthodologiques incohérentes, nous avons pu discriminer les terminologies (c'est-à-dire CoM et CaM) en fonction des méthodologies de calcul (c'est-à-dire moment et EMG) utilisées par les études. En outre, cette étude nous a permis de résumer les modèles de CaM chez les individus atteints de PC et d'identifier la relation entre certains des paramètres de marche avec CaM. Enfin, les résultats de cette étude ont révélé des informations précieuses concernant les lacunes de la recherche dans ce domaine. La deuxième étude a identifié une augmentation de la CaM pendant la marche (la foulée entière, la phase d’appuie et la phase oscillante) chez les enfants atteints de PC par rapport à leurs pairs TD. Cette augmentation n'a été observée que dans les muscles de la jambe (pendant la phase d’appuie et la phase oscillante) et dans les muscles de la cuisse (pendant la phase oscillante) lorsque nous avons normalisé les signaux d'électromyographie. Les groupes CP et DT n'avaient pas de CaM différent en utilisant l'EMG normalisé pour l'ensemble de la foulée. Cette différence met en évidence l'effet de la normalisation EMG sur les valeurs de CaM. De plus, les enfants avec le niveau II du système de classification de la fonction motrice globale (SCFMG) avaient un CaM plus élevé dans les muscles de la cuisse pendant le swing que ceux avec le niveau I. Dans l'ensemble, ce projet de maîtrise révèle de nouvelles preuves soutenant une plus grande CaM chez les enfants atteints de PC par rapport à DT pendant la marche. Néanmoins, il est important d'étudier la CaM dans différentes phases de marche car elle affecte la comparaison entre les groupes. En outre, ce projet justifie l'importance de la méthodologie (par exemple, le traitement EMG et le calcul CaM) dans les études CaM. Plus précisément, il est fort probable que les résultats changent avec différentes approches de normalisation EMG. De plus, les enfants atteints de SCFMG I et II peuvent éprouver différents niveaux de CaM pendant la phase oscillante. Davantage de comparaisons dans des recherches futures, telles qu'entre les SCFMG I, II et III dans la PC hémiplégique et diplégique pendant les sous-phases de la marche (le contact initial, le « mid-stance »), peuvent fournir de meilleures informations sur les modèles de CaM dans cette population. / Cerebral palsy (CP) is a nonprogressive disorder caused by a brain injury. CP occurs early in life, before, during, or after birth, and has heterogeneous involvement and functional impairment. In individuals with CP, changes in neural drive and muscles lead to lifelong changes in motor function, leading to movement deficits. One of the reasons for atypical gait patterns in children with CP is altered muscle activation patterns. An abnormal level of simultaneous activation of agonist and antagonist muscles crossing the same joint prevents optimal gait performance in children with CP. This phenomenon is known as muscle co-contraction (MCo) or muscle co-activation (MCa) across studies. Identification of the most deteriorated muscular patterns, namely, MCo/MCa, in children with CP is vital for effective gait rehabilitation. The objective of this master’s project, therefore, was to distinguish MCo/MCa in children with CP from their typically developing (TD) peers during gait. This objective was achieved through two studies; first, we described MCo/MCa in individuals with CP via the conduction of a scoping review; then, we applied our findings to inform a cross-sectional study to compare MCo/MCa during gait between children with CP and TD. A scoping review following the 6-stage Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was conducted. Databases were searched using relevant keywords. All published studies on MCo/MCa in individuals with CP during gait were collected. After title and abstract relevance screening, a second screening for the full texts of the sources by two reviewers was applied. Finally, data were extracted from the included articles (n=21). Then, leading methods used to quantify MCa identified from the previous study were coded in Matlab (The Mathworks Inc., Natick, USA) and applied to our data from 12 children with CP and 23 TD children. We compared the average MCa of two thigh and shank muscle groups Rectus Femoris (RF)/Semitendinosus (ST) and Tibialis Anterior (TA)/Lateral gastrocnemius (LG), respectively, via unpaired t-tests (or its non-parametric equivalent). According to our scoping review, higher MCa in individuals with CP compared to healthy peers across studies was found. Although there were inconsistent terminology and methodological approaches, we could discriminate terminologies (i.e., MCo and MCa) according to the methodologies in the calculation (i.e., moment and EMG) used by studies. Also, this study enabled us to summarize MCa patterns within individuals with CP and identify the effect of the some of the gait parameters on MCa. Finally, the findings of this study revealed valuable information regarding the research gaps in this area. The second study identified increased MCa around the knee and ankle joints for the following muscles (i.e., RF/ST and TA/LG, respectively) during walking (i.e., entire stride, stance, and swing) in children with CP compared to their TD peers. This increase was seen only in shank muscles (i.e., during stance and swing) and in thigh muscles (i.e., during the swing) when we normalized electromyography (EMG) signals. CP and TD groups did not have different MCa using normalized EMG for the entire stride. This difference highlights the effect of EMG normalization on MCa values. Also, children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level II had higher MCa around the knee during swing than those with level I. Overall, this master’s project reveals new evidence supporting greater MCa in children with CP compared to TD peers during walking. Nevertheless, it is recommended to investigate MCa within different gait phases as it affects the comparison across groups. Also, this project justifies the importance of methodology (e.g., EMG processing and MCa calculation) in MCa studies. More specifically, it is likely that the results alter with different EMG normalization approaches. Moreover, children with GMFCS I and II can experience various levels of MCa during the swing phase. More comparisons in future research, such as between GMFCS I, II, and III in hemiplegic and diplegic CP during gait sub-phases (i.e., initial stance, mid-stance), can provide better information regarding MCa patterns in this population.

[pt] A sociedade tem exigido um desenvolvimento sustentável das organizações com uma postura social e ambiental responsável em sua gestão indo além da tradicional econômica. Entretanto as organizações têm enfrentado dificuldades para implementar a responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) e adotar uma economia circular (EC) em sua cadeia de suprimentos. A literatura apresenta uma carência de pesquisas de EC com intuito de entender se esse modelo está se tornando parte das estratégias das empresas e também de compreender sua relação com RSC. Visando preencher essa lacuna de pesquisa, o objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver um framework conceitual para responsabilidade social corporativa visando o desenvolvimento da economia circular sob a perspectiva da gestão de cadeia de suprimentos sustentáveis. O framework foi construído a partir de uma revisão de escopo abrangendo 60 artigos da base Scopus e validado por um painel de especialistas da área de sustentabilidade. Os resultados obtidos contemplam uma análise da literatura acadêmica sobre o tema e apresentam a relação do Tripple Botton Line (TBL) com RSC e EC e os constructos do framework com suas diretrizes e os promotores responsáveis por sua execução. A contribuição prática é um artefato para apoiar empresas na implementação da RSC, como contribuição teórica o próprio framework conceitual e como contribuição social maior conscientização para os stakeholders da necessidade de implementar RSC. / [en] The society has demanded a sustainable development from organizations with a social and environmental responsible attitude in their management going beyond the traditional economic. However, organizations have faced difficulties in implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) and adopting a circular economy (CE) in their supply chain. The literature shows a lack of research on circular economy in order to understand if this model is becoming part of companies strategies and also to understand its relationship with corporate social responsibility. In order to fill this research gap, the objective of this dissertation is to develop a conceptual framework for corporate social responsibility aiming at the development of circular economy from the perspective of sustainable supply chain management. The framework was built from a scoping review covering 60 articles from the Scopus database and validated by a panel of sustainability experts. The results embrace a bibliometric analysis of the literature on the topic and present the relationship of Tripple Botton Line (TBL) with CSR and CE and the constructs of the framework with its guidelines and the promoters responsible for its implementation. The practical contribution is an artifact to support companies in the implementation of CSR, as a theoretical contribution the conceptual framework itself and as a social contribution greater awareness for stakeholders of the need to implement CSR.

The aim of this thesis is to explore how men in recovery from substance use conceptualize challenges and use their inherent strengths to navigate them. Estimates of substance use prevalence rates in Canada suggest that approximately one-in-five Canadians will meet the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder throughout their lifetime (Pearson, Janz & Ali, 2013). These prevalence estimates represent a significant cause for concern as addiction is a significant phenomenon in contemporary Canadian society. A scoping literature review was conducted on nineteen research studies to investigate the state of current research. Although there is a wealth of studies on addiction, research frequently utilizes pathologizing approaches. These approaches are commonly focused on addiction in the context of a social or individual issue ripe with problematizing discourses. Six qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted on men living in recovery-based supportive housing for this research to explore their experiences from the onset of substance use into substance use and recovery efforts. A strength-based perspective was adopted for analysis purposes in order to more accurately reflect on the inherent strengths of the participants. The men provided in-depth accounts of their experiences, conceptualized challenges to their recovery and contrary to many contemporary research discourses, demonstrated an affluence of strengths while articulating challenge navigation. The men were also proactive in their ability to anticipate future challenges and conceive methods of effective challenge navigation. Findings of this study are analyzed and discussed in the context of recognizing the magnitude of the challenges facing the men in recovery and the incredible strengths that they demonstrate in challenge navigation. The implications for current social work practice are outlined and several suggestions are tabled with the goal of improving current practice methods. Finally, suggestions for future strength-based addiction research are offered with the intention of seeking overall improvements to the research field and addressing existing gaps within the literature. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)

Les thérapies complémentaires et alternatives (TCA), sont largement utilisées par la population pour faire face à différents problèmes de santé. En raison des répercussions tant positives que négatives qu’elles peuvent avoir sur la santé, les infirmières et les infirmiers qui assurent des soins holistiques devraient être bien formés sur les TCA. En vue d’apprécier l’issue de la formation initiale à l’égard des TCA, et procéder à l’appréciation des interventions de formation sur ces thérapies, plusieurs questionnaires axés sur les déterminants d’usage des TCA ont été proposés au cours des dernières années. Cette étude avait comme but de dresser l’inventaire des questionnaires qui ont été proposés à ce jour en lien avec les déterminants d’usage des TCA des étudiantes et étudiants infirmiers notamment les connaissances, les attitudes et/ou les croyances. Pour ce faire, une revue de la portée a été conduite selon la méthodologie d’Arksey et O’Malley (2005). La recherche documentaire a permis d’identifier dix-neuf questionnaires d’études répondant aux critères d’inclusion. Ce travail a permis une meilleure compréhension du contenu général et des particularités des questionnaires sur les TCA destinés aux étudiantes et étudiants infirmiers. L’analyse des questionnaires recensés montre que l’accent été mis sur le concept des connaissances exploré par 95% des études, contrairement aux croyances étudiées dans seulement 16% des cas. La recension des écrits est la stratégie de développement des questionnaires la plus courante, adoptée dans 50% des études, suivie de l’adaptation des questionnaires prédéveloppés dans 37% des cas. Tandis que 53% des études ont pris en compte des considérations contextuelles d’ordre sociopolitique et culturel dans le développement du questionnaire, un pourcentage élevé des études (47%) n’ont pas fourni d’information sur les caractéristiques psychométriques. À la lumière de ces résultats, des recommandations pour les chercheurs en sciences infirmières ont été formulées. / Complementary and alternative therapies, known as CAM, are widely used by the population to deal with various health problems. Due to their potential health impacts, both positive and negative, nurses who provide holistic care should be well trained in CAM. In order to assess the outcome of initial training regarding CAM, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of training interventions on these therapies, several questionnaires focusing on the determinants of CAM use have been proposed in recent years. The aim of this study was to compile an inventory of the questionnaires that have been proposed to date in relation to the knowledge, attitudes and/or beliefs of nursing students about CAM. To this end, a scoping was conducted according to the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). The literature search identified nineteen questionnaires of studies that met the inclusion criteria. This work provided a better understanding of the general content and specific features of the CAM questionnaires. The analysis of measured concepts showed a focus on the concept of knowledge, explored in 95% of studies, compared to the concept of beliefs studied in only 16% of cases. Literature review emerged as the most common questionnaire development strategy, adopted in 50% of studies, followed by the adaptation of pre-developed questionnaires in 37% of cases. 53% of the studies considered contextual socio-political and cultural factors. A significant percentage (47%) of studies did not provide information on the psychometric characteristics of their scales. In the light of these findings, recommendations were formulated for nursing researchers.