Secrecy is a growing topic of interest in research, but little research has been done on adolescents keeping secrets from their friends. The purpose of this study was to find out if keeping secrets from friends was related to elevated depression and more behavior problems. The data in this study were obtained from 197 adolescents who were interviewed the summer after their 6th (n = 182, M age = 12.4, SD = 1.01) grade school year in southern Louisiana. This sample was 50.8% female, and the majority of the adolescents self-identified themselves as being white, non-Hispanic (47.7%) or African American (46.7%), while few self-identified themselves as being of other ethnicities (6.1%). Results showed that keeping secrets from friends is associated with higher levels of depression but not with more behavior problems. Keeping secrets from friends accounted for unique variance in depression after controlling for keeping secrets from parents. Secrets from friends accounted for the association between low friendship quality and depression. The link between secrets from friends, depression and behavior problem was not moderated by friendship quality and depression.

ABSTRACT Under apartheid, the South African intelligence services operated in secrecy and without the framework of a Constitution upholding basic human rights. The situation changed drastically with the introduction of a democratic political dispensation in 1994, and with the adoption of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1996. One of the fundamental rights contained in the Bill of Rights (Chapter 2 of the Constitution) was the right of access to information. The subsequent passage of legislation to give effect to this right, required all state structures - including the civilian intelligence services, the National Intelligence Agency and the South African Secret Service - to actively disclose information about themselves, and to receive and respond to requests for access to records that were made in terms of the enabling legislation. The main issue with which the study is concerned - the balance between secrecy and transparency in a democracy - is one of a wider set of concerns related to democratic control and accountability of the intelligence and security services. The study explores policy options for reconciling the public’s right to information with the intelligence services’ need for a degree of secrecy with which to conduct their work. Inter alia, it compares the policy choices of three countries about how their intelligence services should function in relation to access to information legislation. The research reveals that there was uneven and erratic compliance by the intelligence services with key provisions of the Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000, up to and including August 2005. The weaknesses arose because of the absence of clear policy on how to implement the Act in relation to the intelligence services, and in relation to information held by the intelligence and security services. The study therefore argues the need for a comprehensive policy package, which sets criteria for the conditions under which information should be protected from disclosure, and the criteria for determining when information no longer requires such protection. Finally, it argues for strict oversight of the intelligence services’ choices around secrecy and transparency.

Student Number : 0312766T - MA dissertation - School of Fine Arts - Faculty of Humanities / This dissertation is primarily an investigation into the sculpture of Jeremy Wafer and specifically his oval series, Red Ovals (1995), African Forms (1996), Red Ovals (second series) (1998) and Large White Oval (2004). The aim is to establish how, from a post-structuralist and anthropomorphic position, these non-illusionistic sculptural forms may engage the viewer experientially by evoking the body visually, physically and spatially. Wafer’s reductive articulation of surface, material and form is analysed in terms of notions of secrecy and metaphorical referencing specifically relating to the human form. A ‘sense of disquiet’ is evoked by their ambiguity, and this aspect is confronted by looking at various dichotomies and their transition and hybridisation to form the ‘unifying pattern’ that Wafer’s sculptures present. The role of process, repetition and seriality are researched within this context. The works from my Simulacra exhibition in May 2005 at the Substation on the University of the Witwatersrand Campus are discussed according to the above aspects, as they are relevant to my own sculptures.

ASSIS NETO, Pedro Vicente de. O sujeito no armário em face do "abjeto" objeto de desejo: a dinâmica do outing na "narrativa de revelação" de uma telenovela global. 2017. 118f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2017. / Submitted by Pós-graduação em Sociologia (posgrads@ufc.br) on 2017-11-21T12:22:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_pvaneto.pdf: 963877 bytes, checksum: c81bc6c41356f2ecfebb9d55a9395858 (MD5) / Rejected by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br), reason: Bom dia, Socorro. Favor localize o aluno PEDRO VICENTE DE ASSIS NETO e solicite que o aluno normalize o arquivo de acordo com o Guia de Normalização da UFC que está disponível no sitio http://www.biblioteca.ufc.br/images/arquivos/documentos_tecnicos/guia_normalizacao_trabalhos_ufc_2013.pdf. Acesse o Templat Templates • Modelo de trabalho acadêmico em Microsoft Word (DOC 1.01 MB) • Modelo de trabalho acadêmico em Libre Office (ODT 947.59 KB) CORREÇÕES A SEREM REALIZADAS NO ARQUIVO DA DISSERTAÇÃO Exemplo: NUMERAÇÃO PROGRESSIVA 1 INTRODUÇÃO 2 APRESENTAÇÃO DE TRABALHOS ACADÊMICOS 2.1 Definição 2.1.1 Dissertação 1 Numeração Progressiva. A introdução é o primeiro item numerado. E as Considerações Finais ou Conclusão o último item numerado. E, são justificados à esquerda. (Acesse o Templat) 2 Artigos publicados em meio eletrônico (Blogs, sítios etc.) Identificar o autor e título do artigo. 2 Uso da partícula IN. Somente para capítulos de livros. Quando o autor do capítulo é diferente do autor do livro. E, para artigos publicados em eventos: CONGRESSOS, ENCONTROS, COLÓQUIOS ETC. 3 Para artigos publicados em eventos: CONGRESSOS, ENCONTROS, COLÓQUIOS ETC. o que vem em negrito é a palavra Anais... O nome do publicados em eventos: CONGRESSOS, ENCONTROS, COLÓQUIOS ETC. é grafado em letras maiúsculas. 4. Artigos publicados em revista. O que vem em negrito é o título da Revista. Não usar o In:. A data de publicação do artigo é a última informação. Ex: AUTOR. Título do artigo: subtítulo. Nome da Revista em negrito, Local de Publicação, v., n., p.15-23, mês e ano de publicação. 5 Uso de Figuras, Gráficos, Tabelas e Quadros no corpo do trabalho. - É necessário elaborar na lista de Figuras, Gráficos, Tabelas e Quadros. São elementos pretextais. - Todas as Figuras, Gráficos, Tabelas e Quadros devem ser antecedidas por um título. E, abaixo da Figuras, Gráficos, Tabelas e Quadros deve ser informada a fonte. AUTOR (data). - Nunca usar endereços eletrônicos como fonte. Identifique sempre um autor. Aguardo as correções do arquivo. Josineide Góis - Repositório Institucional da UFC. Biblioteca de Ciências Humanas (BCH) 33667659 on 2017-11-21T13:17:11Z (GMT) / Submitted by Pós-graduação em Sociologia (posgrads@ufc.br) on 2017-11-23T11:30:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_pvaneto.pdf: 1029530 bytes, checksum: 6b1bb8e7e80ba50cff84e44bd67ac4b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-24T10:51:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_pvaneto.pdf: 1029530 bytes, checksum: 6b1bb8e7e80ba50cff84e44bd67ac4b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T10:51:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_pvaneto.pdf: 1029530 bytes, checksum: 6b1bb8e7e80ba50cff84e44bd67ac4b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / This research have its central issue on the matter of visibility conferred to gay characters of soap operas that find themselves "coming out of the closet", that is, when they open to the public their sexual orientation. It is placed at a television context, where performances of homo-oriented relations were, historically, marginalized and had to adjust to a society marked by heteronormativity. To this disciplinary and hierarchical model of sexes and genders, some thoughts are considered, without losing sight of them as discourses that seek to criminalize, moralize, pathologize, and make these dissident masculinities invisible. Therefore it is yet to be investigated if the so-called "narratives of revelation" and their representations that emerge from brazilian television shows are positive and creative affirmations of their own identity positions or are reinforcing clichés based on a series of stigmas and prejudices about them. The soap opera "Babylon" is taken as the case of study, analyzing the discourses produced for its scenes and dialogues that are focused on the characters of Ivan and Sergio, in order to reconfigure the path that leads from subjectivity, condensed by the closet entity, to the reinvention of oneself. Based on the encounter of these two characters mentioned throughout the narrative, there will be taken in account markers of social, economic, ethnic and generation differences. By inciting those matters, this research uses "depth hermeneutics" as it's method, since it is a "three-phase procedure", which contemplates the conditions of production, construction and reception of the messages that are being sent by the discourses produced over these characters. Hence it matters how much, in this particular context, this gay couple was crossed by outer effects towards its creation and also, to what price they could express in words and through body language what they felt for each other amid censorship tactics from the tv show author and amid boycotts from part of the audience. / Tendo como sua problemática central a questão da visibilidade conferida aos personagens gays de telenovelas, que se encontram “saindo do armário”, em outing, ou seja, quando se assumem e tornam pública a sua orientação sexual, a pesquisa se localiza num contexto televisivo, onde as performances das relações homo-direcionadas foram, historicamente, marginalizadas e tiveram de se ajustar a uma sociedade marcada pela heteronorma. A esse modelo disciplinador e hierárquico de sexos e gêneros, colocam-se algumas reflexões, sem que se percam de vista as formações discursivas que procuram criminalizar, moralizar, patologizar, invisibilizar essas masculinidades dissidentes. De igual modo, resta saber se as chamadas “narrativas de revelação” e as formas simbólicas imbricadas emergem na teledramaturgia brasileira no sentido de afirmar criativa e positivamente a sua posição identitária ou re-inscrever clichês baseados em uma série de estigmas e preconceitos a seu respeito. Toma-se a telenovela “Babilônia” como estudo de caso e analisa-se a produção discursiva em torno das cenas e diálogos centrados nos personagens Ivan e Sérgio, a fim de se restituir o movimento que leva da sujeição, condensada pela figura do armário, à reinvenção de si mesmo. Através do encontro promovido entre esses dois sujeitos no decorrer da narrativa, tenta-se contemplar suas experiências de vida, modos de existência e seus marcadores de diferença sócio- econômico, étnico-racial e geracional. Ao se incitar por essas questões, a pesquisa adota a “hermenêutica de profundidade” como referencial metodológico, a partir do seu “enfoque tríplice”, que engloba os campos das condições de produção, da construção das mensagens e da recepção e apropriação dos discursos atinentes a esses personagens. Daí se importe saber até que ponto, nesse contexto particular, o casal gay foi atravessado por usos e efeitos exteriores à sua produção e a que preço os personagens puderam expressar revelando, discursiva e corporalmente, o que sentiam um pelo outro, em meio a táticas e censuras da autoria e boicotes de parte da audiência.

Protocol verification is an exciting area of network security that intersects engineering and formal methods. This thesis presents a comparison of formal verification tools for security protocols for their respective strengths and weaknesses supported by the results from several case studies. The formal verification tools considered are based on explicit model checking (SPIN), symbolic analysis (Proverif) and theorem proving (Coq). We formalize and provide models of several well-known authentication and key-establishment protocols in each of the specification languages, and use the tools to find attacks that show protocols insecurity. We contrast the modelling process on each of the tools by comparing features of their modelling languages, verification efforts involved, and analysis results Our results show that authentication and key-establishment protocols can be specified in Coq’s modeling language with an unbounded number of sessions and message space. However, proofs in Coq require human guidance. SPIN runs automated verification with a restricted version of the Dolev-Yao attacker model. Proverif has several advantages over SPIN and Coq: a tailored specification language, and better performance on infinite state space analysis.

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / The increasing importance of media, especially digital media in society has been studied widely, from identity formation to activist movements. In international relations, digital media studies have focused considerably on public digital diplomacy and social networks, sometimes neglecting a crucial step: the making, the processing and the transmission of the sacrosanct and secret diplomatic data. This study aims to explore how digital revolutions impact on the way diplomats communicate and share information. The dependent question will revolve around the notion of secrecy; the independent question will analyse secrecy in the era of digital diplomacy. A statistical database was built and semi-structured interviews with American, French and South African diplomats have been conducted. It aims to highlight three thematic fields. The first one looks into organization, legitimacy, sovereignty and governance issues raised by the emergence of new technologies. The second one looks into the redefinition of secrecy in our digital era. The third part is a case study that will investigate how software, open platforms and processing of computerized data redefine, modernize and legitimize the way diplomats work, share information and engage with the general public for the greater good. The main assumption is that public action will only be legitimate in society if – and only if – society recognizes the state as a true network actor.

Limited knowledge is available around the experiences of queer Lebanese American young adults, specifically around family secrecy around their sexuality. This gap in the marriage and family therapy research has significant implications, and erases the experiences of queer Arab young adults around disclosure of their sexual identity. This study examined the experiences of 19 Lebanese American young adults navigating secrecy around their sexual identity. Research questions presented were the following: a) How do queer Lebanese American young adults experience family secrecy surrounding their sexual identity and relationship? b) How do queer Lebanese American young adults interpret the process of family secrecy and are impacted by family secrecy? c) What are queer Lebanese American young adults' experiences of shifts in boundaries and alliances as a result of family secrecy? The study utilized structural family therapy or SFT (Minuchin, 1974) as the theoretical framework to guide the conceptualization of family dynamics and how they are impacted by the family secrecy surrounding the participants' sexuality. Findings illustrated the complexity of the family secrecy process, which is fraught with complex emotions, which resulted in a decision-making process around who to include in the secret, who to keep out of the secrecy, as well as strategies employed to maintain the secrecy and protect the family members from the implications of disclosure. Participants described the process as stressful and signifying shame around their sexual identities, and feeling as though their two identities, Lebanese and queer, were conflicting and could not coexist together. Findings also demonstrated the family unit's resilience and collectivism through participants relying on their family members, particularly mothers and siblings, to navigate this complex landscape. The findings have research and clinical implications, emphasizing the need to extend the discourse around sexual identity and disclosure to include Lebanese and Middle Eastern families within the field of family science. / Doctor of Philosophy / Limited knowledge is available around the experiences of queer Lebanese American young adults, specifically around family secrecy surrounding their sexuality. Past studies have focused on the experience of queer White individuals disclosing to their families, but very little has been known about the experience of Middle Eastern and Arab queer youth. The purpose of this study was to experience the emotions and meaning made around the secrecy, as well as the secrecy's impact on the family relationships and structure. The research questions presented were a) How do queer Lebanese American young adults experience family secrecy surrounding their sexual identity and relationship? b) How do queer Lebanese American young adults interpret the process of family secrecy and are impacted by family secrecy? c) What are queer Lebanese American young adults' experiences of shifts in boundaries and alliances as a result of family secrecy? Based on an analysis of 19 interviews, structural family therapy was used as a theory to frame the findings and help understand the impact of secrecy on the family relationships and structure, as well as the meaning and emotion experienced as a result of the secrecy. Overall, analysis revealed several key findings. The experience of disclosure and secrecy around sexuality is highly relational, in order to remain connected to their families. The experience of secrecy is not "all good" or "all bad". Strategies around secrecy were adopted by both queer Arab young adults and their families, and mothers or mother figures in particular played a crucial role in dictating the way secrecy was navigated, who was included in the secrecy process, as well as co-creating strategies with queer young adults on how to deal with extended family. This study has important clinical and research implications, in continuing to expand the conversation around disclosure and queerness, as well as amplifying the voices of Lebanese American young adults and their families.

LL.D. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

For wireless communication systems, due to broadcasting nature of wireless medium, how to keep eavesdroppers from wiretapping messages is worth investigated. In addition to encryption techniques applied in application layer, physical layer secrecy techniques have been studied in literature. Under the premise that eavesdropper cannot steal any information, physical layer secrecy focus on maximizing the capacity of legal transmission, and make it more reliable by using physical properties of wireless channel. This thesis considers an amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cooperative communication network with an untrusted relay (UR), and linear precoders are employed at source, relay, and destination. The relay here serves as a bridge of transmission 1 between the source and the destination. However, assume that the untrusted relay may wiretap information from the source without authorization. In order to prevent relay from wiretapping information, the destination generates artificial noise (AN) to interfere the relay, when the relay is receiving information from the source. Since AN is generated by the destination, the destination can eliminate AN by itself after receiving signal from the relay without corrupting signals of legal transmission. We propose precoder design for source, relay and destination to maximize secrecy capacity under the power constraint of three nodes. By utilizing singular value decomposition (SVD) of all channel matrices and Hadamard inequality, we simplify the optimization problem of precoding matrices to scalar optimization problem, and optimization can be accomplished recursively.

Les deux études menées dans cette thèse portent sur les questions de recherche liées aux objectifs des normes comptables internationales les plus importants : la comparabilité, la transparence et la qualité de l'information comptable. La première étude étudie la comparabilité de l'information comptable en ce qui concerne le secret et la divergence avant l'adoption. Dans cette étude, on prétend qu'il est facile de prévoir si l'adoption des IFRS améliore la réaction du marché des concurrents autour des annonces de revenus d'une entreprise donnée. Les résultats suivants ont été documentés, des preuves ont été fournies, ce qui démontre que le transfert d'informations aux annonces de bénéfices augmente suite à l'adoption obligatoire des IFRS, ce qui suggère en moyenne une comparabilité de l'information comptable (ci-après, la comparabilité). Cependant, lors d'enquêtes plus approfondies, il semble que la comparabilité augmente pour les entreprises domiciliées dans des pays caractérisés par un faible secret (c.-à-d. où la transparence domine) et, plus étonnamment, par un faible niveau de divergence (c'est-à-dire une faible distance comptable) de la norme IFRS avant l'adoption des IFRS. Par conséquent, ces résultats suggèrent que toutes les entreprises n'appliquent pas les IFRS de manière identique et qu'elles ne respectent pas entièrement ou systématiquement les IFRS. La deuxième étude porte sur la transparence des bénéfices en examinant la relation entre les gains et les rendements en matière d'application et de conservatisme. Dans cette étude, nous examinons les effets de l'application et du conservatisme sur la transparence des bénéfices en vertu des IFRS. Les résultats suivants ont été documentés, des éléments de preuve ont été fournis, ce qui démontre que la transparence des bénéfices augmente pour les entreprises domiciliées dans des pays caractérisés par une forte application seulement, alors qu'il n'y a pas d'avantages en matière de transparence des bénéfices suite à l'adoption des IFRS pour les entreprises domiciliées dans des pays caractérisés par un niveau élevé du conservatisme. Cela suggère que les IFRS ne sont pas appliquées de la même manière dans tous les pays. / Despite the importance of the IFRS in the international context of financial reporting accounting, we know very little concerning the effects of culture on the application of the IFRS. This dissertation empirically examines whether accounting information comparability and earnings transparency resulting from the IFRS adoption varies depending on cultural and institutional factors. Thus, the discussion considers, whether cultural and institutional factors can provide an explanation for differences in accounting information comparability and earnings transparency under the IFRS. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the role of secrecy, conservatism, pre-adoption divergence between IFRS and national GAAP, and enforcement on accounting information comparability and earnings transparency following the mandatory IFRS adoption.This dissertation therefore contributes to the accounting literature by presenting two essays. The essays address the research questions related to the goals of the IFRS in relation to two aspects: accounting information comparability and earnings transparency. The first study investigates comparability with regard to secrecy and pre-adoption divergence between IFRS and national GAAP. In this study, it is argued that it is easy to predict whether the IFRS adoption enhances the market reaction of competitors around the earnings announcements of a given firm. The results were documented evidence demonstrating that information transfer at earnings announcements increases following the mandatory adoption of IFRS, suggesting, on average, a high level of comparability. However, following the investigations, it would appear that comparability increases for firms domiciled in countries with a low level of secrecy (i.e., where transparency dominates) and, where there is a low divergence of accounting distance. Consequently, these results suggest that all firms do not apply the IFRS uniformly and that they do not automatically comply with IFRS. The second study investigates earnings transparency by examining the earnings-returns relationship with regard to enforcement and conservatism. In this study, the effects of enforcement and conservatism on earnings transparency were examined following the mandatory adoption of IFRS. The results were documented, which demonstrate that earnings transparency increases for firms domiciled in countries characterized by low conservatism only (i.e., where optimism dominates) and, there are benefits with regard to earnings transparency following IFRS adoption for firms domiciled in countries characterized by a high level of enforcement. This also suggests that IFRS is not being applied in the same way in all countries. Taken together, there are significant cross-country differences in IFRS compliance. Accordingly, comparability and transparency differ depending on where a firm is domiciled. If the firms are domiciled in a supportive environment in terms of applying the IFRS (i.e., where there is transparency, optimism, low divergence of accounting distance and strong enforcement), the level of comparability and transparency are increased.