京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第23612号 / 社医博第118号 / 新制||社医||11(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 近藤 尚己, 教授 伊佐 正, 教授 髙橋 良輔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

Introduction There is limited research on the relation between weight misperceptions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among U.S. adolescents. Methods Baseline data (n = 1509) collected in 2012 from the Team Up for Healthy Living project were used. Measures included BMI percentiles calculated from measured height and weight; self-perception of weight status; and the 23-item PedsQL™ Inventory. Multiple linear regression was performed after adjustment for covariates to examine associations between weight misperception and HRQoL. Results Compared to accurate weight perception, weight underestimation was associated with higher total HRQoL (β = 2.41), physical health (β = 2.77), and emotional (β = 2.83), social (β = 2.47) and psychosocial functioning (β = 2.38) (all p < 0.05). Weight overestimation was associated with lower social functioning (β = −13.13, p < 0.05). Stratified by gender, associations were observed only in males. Discussion Weight underestimation had greater association with HRQoL than weight overestimation; and varied by gender. Better understanding of these associations will assist in improving the health of adolescents in Southern Appalachia.

Detecting change in stream channel features over time is important in understanding channel morphology and the effects of both natural and anthropogenic influences. Channel features historically, and now currently, are being measured using a variety of ground survey techniques. These surveys require substantial time commitments and funding to complete. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is an airborne laser mapping technology that holds promise to provide an alternative to ground-based survey methods. For this study, ground surveys were used to verify the accuracy of data collected using airborne LiDAR. Fifty nine cross-sectional profiles were surveyed in the Little Creek watershed at Cal Poly’s Swanton Pacific Ranch and compared to LiDAR-generated profiles of the same location. LiDAR data were collected in two flights during April and May of 2002. The vertical accuracy of LiDAR elevations was determined to be 0.610 m RSME based on a point-to-point comparison of the elevation of ground survey points in each cross-sectional profile to the corresponding LiDAR elevation. The average ground spacing of the LiDAR survey within the study area was one point every 5.2 square meters. In comparison to ground surveys it was found that with this level of vertical precision and horizontal resolution it would be difficult to detect change in bankfull channel characteristics of a relatively small channel, such as Little Creek. These difficulties are largely attributed to poor point coverage in forested, steep, and mountainous terrain, along with technological limitations of LiDAR that have since improved.

Introduction Oral Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is an analgesia and is commonly used by people with osteoarthritis (OA). Oral NSAID is currently recommended as the second level of treatment for OA, and could be considered if physical activity, topical NSAID or paracetamol do not supply sufficient pain relief.   Aim To investigate how frequently oral NSAID is used in a sample of New Zealanders with OA and also to investigate the exposure to heightened risk of adverse events while using oral NSAID.   Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information about the use of oral NSAID by people with self-reported OA. The survey included 75 participants who were over the age of 45 with an average age of 70.6 years.   Results While having OA, 57,3% of the sample reported oral NSAID use. The results also show that 52% of the participants with cardiovascular (CV), gastrointestinal (GI) or renal comorbidities used oral NSAID, and 17,3% of them also combined that NSAID with medication for their comorbidity. Concerning the heightened risks of adverse events, 21% of the participants did acquire the analgesia over the counter (OTC), and 76,6% stated that they were over the age of 65.    Conclusion A majority of the participants in the study with self-reported OA take NSAID as an analgesia. Also, the study shows that NSAID is commonly used among participants with co-morbidity, which is similar to figures presented in previous studies in the area. However, the small sample size limits its generalizability to a larger population. / Introduktion Orala icke-steroida antiinflammatoriska läkemedel (NSAID) är en grupp smärtstillande mediciner som är vanligt använt av personer mer artros. Orala NSAID-preparat rekommenderas idag som en andrahandsbehandling och kan övervägas om fysisk aktivitet, topikala NSAID-preparat eller paracetamol inte ger tillräcklig smärtlindrande effekt.   Syfte Att undersöka hur vanligt användandet av orala NSAID-preparat är i ett stickprov av personer med artros i Nya Zeeland samt att undersöka exponering av orala NSAID-preparat i subgrupper med ökad risk för biverkningar vid användande av orala NSAID-preparat.   Metod En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes för att samla in information kring användning av orala NSAID-preparat av personer med självrapporterad artros. Studiepopulationen bestod av 75 personer över 45 års ålder med en medelålder på 70,6 år.   Resultat 57,3% av deltagarna använder orala NSAID-preparat som behandling för sin självrapporterad artros. Gällande subgrupper med ökad risk för biverkning av NSAID användning visar studien att 52% av deltagare med kardiovaskulära, gastrointestinala eller njurpåverkade sjukdomar använder orala NSAID-preparat och av dessa kombinerar 17,3% NSAID-preparaten med medicin för sin samsjuklighet. Av deltagarna som uppgav att de använder orala NSAID-preparat erhåller 21% av dessa NSAID-preparaten receptfritt över disk. Av deltagare som var 65 år eller äldre uppgav 76,6% att de använder orala NSAID-preparat för behandling av artros.   Slutsats En majoritet av deltagarna med självrapporterad artros tar orala NSAID-preparat i smärtstillande syfte för sin artros. Studien visar också att NSAID ofta används bland deltagare med samsjuklighet, vilket motsvarar presenterade siffror från tidigare studier inom området. Den lilla stickprovsstorleken begränsar emellertid studiens generaliserbahet gentemot en större population.

During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. conservative politicians and the media downplayed the risk of both contracting COVID-19 and the effectiveness of recommended health behaviors. Health behavior theories suggest perceived vulnerability to a health threat and perceived effectiveness of recommended health-protective behaviors determine motivation to follow recommendations. Accordingly, we predicted that—as a result of politicization of the pandemic—politically conservative Americans would be less likely to enact recommended health-protective behaviors. In two longitudinal studies of U.S. residents, political conservatism was inversely associated with perceived health risk and adoption of health-protective behaviors over time. The effects of political orientation on health-protective behaviors were mediated by perceived risk of infection, perceived severity of infection, and perceived effectiveness of the health-protective behaviors. In a global cross-national analysis, effects were stronger in the U.S. (N = 10,923) than in an international sample (total N = 51,986), highlighting the increased and overt politicization of health behaviors in the U.S. / New York University Abu Dhabi

is thesis deals with the new approach to solving the usage of the urban places located at the current build-up area of the block of flats. On experiences from long-term processing of concrete designs there are introduced principles and fundamentals for the regeneration of public places at block of flats, including new structure of functional areas. These principles and fundamentals will serve as the methodical aid for the public service, self-government and for the designers conversant with regeneration of public places.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19043号 / 農博第2121号 / 新制||農||1032(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4925(農学部図書室) / 31994 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 縄田 栄治, 教授 田中 千尋, 教授 北島 宣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19362号 / 医博第4039号 / 新制||医||1011(附属図書館) / 32376 / 新制||医||1011 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 横出 正之, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 森田 智視 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13233号 / 論医博第2173号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川村 孝, 教授 横出 正之, 教授 福原 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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