Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Subvariedades analÃticas complexas e totalmente reais sÃo duas classes tÃpicas dentre todas as subvariedades de uma variedade quase Hermitiana. Neste trabalho procuramos dar algumas caracterizaÃÃes de subvariedades totalmente reais. AlÃm disso algumas classificaÃÃes de subvariedades totalmente reais em formas espaciais complexas sÃo obtidas. / Complex analytic submanifolds and totally real submanifolds are two typical classes among all submanifolds of an almost Hermitian manifolds. In this work, some characterizations of totally real submanifolds are given. Moreover some classifications of totally real submanifolds in complex space forms are obtained.

Estudo epidemiológico descritivo, transversal, com 1 560 idosos de amostra representativa da cidade de São Paulo.Testes de avaliação cognitiva associados a escalas de atividades diárias compuseram o instrumento de screening aplicado porta a porta. A prevalência de suspeitos foi de 16,1%. O teste Chi2 seguido de análise por regressão logística mostraram relação das variáveis idade, analfabetismo ou baixa escolaridade, AVC e diabetes mellitus com suspeita de demência; as variáveis sexo, classe socioeconômica, cor, HAS, colesterol, depressão e TCE não apresentaram relação com suspeita de demência / Descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1 560 elderly in representative sampling of São Paulo city. Cognitive evaluation tests associated with scales of daily activities composed the screening and were carried out door to door. Suspect prevalence rate was 16,1%. The Chi2 test with logistic regressive analysis showed a relationship between age, illiteracy or few years of study, stroke and diabetes mellitus with dementia suspicion. The variables gender, socioeconomic class, skin color, systemic arterial hypertension, cholesterol, depression and cranioencephalic traumatism showed no relationship with dementia suspicion

Introdução: O tabagismo é um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública; sabe-se também que o uso de tabaco passou a ser considerado uma condição prevenível e potencialmente tratável. O fumo está associado à perda de saúde e estudos têm salientado a importância de conhecer não apenas a magnitude do problema do consumo de tabaco, mas também conhecer os fatores associados ao consumo. No Brasil há uma carência de estudos que possibilitam conhecer e relacionar a prevalência de tabagismo a outros indicadores. Acredita-se que as ações de intervenção preventivas no ambiente de trabalho são impactantes na redução das consequências negativas do uso e abuso de substâncias e do estresse laboral. Assim, conhecer os fatores de risco do consumo de tabaco, em relação às características sociodemográficas e econômicas, de trabalho e condições de saúde (incluindo estresse laboral) entre servidores da categoria \"técnico-administrativos\" de uma universidade pública, torna o presente estudo relevante para a emersão de conhecimento científico, pois pode sustentar futuras pesquisas de intervenção. Objetivos: Identificar a prevalência de consumo de tabaco e testar sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, de trabalho e de condições de saúde entre servidores públicos universitários. Material e Método: Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, descritivo-exploratório, tipo corte transversal, do qual participaram 925 servidores técnico-administrativos de uma universidade pública do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de três instrumentos: Questionário de dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e características do trabalho, Questionário de Uso do Tabaco e Dependência de Fagerström e Job Stress Scale (JSS). Foram realizadas: análise descritiva das características da amostra e Odds Ratio (OR), como medida de associação estimada por meio das análises de regressão logística bivariada e multivariada, sendo utilizado o modelo hierarquizado criado para a entrada das variáveis. Para o controle das variáveis de confusão foram mantidas aquelas com p<=0,20. Foram consideradas significantes as associações com p<=0,05. Resultado: Essa população é composta, em sua maioria, por mulheres com idade entre 40 e 49 anos; são casados e moram com alguém (com os filhos, na maioria dos casos); recebem mensalmente de um a dois salários mínimos; possuem escolaridade acima do nível médio concluído; são praticantes de algum tipo de religião e fazem uso de bebidas alcoólicas. No trabalho, a maioria exerce função de nível médio e há em alguns casos uma inadequação ao relacionar escolaridade e nível exercido na instituição; e trabalham há mais de 11 anos na instituição. Sobre estresse no trabalho, observou-se que a população em geral não sofre estresse no trabalho e que o suporte social recebido é de nível intermediário. Uma porcentagem significativa da população faz uso de tabaco, e em sua maioria gostaria de parar de fumar. A maioria dos ex-tabagistas deixou o hábito há mais de 10 anos. Quanto à dependência nicotínica, ainda encontram-se na população pessoas que têm uma dependência muito elevada. Foi verificada uma chance maior para o uso de tabaco nessa população, com mais de 50 anos e ensino fundamental completo, tempo de vínculo no trabalho entre 6 e 20 anos, ser solteiro, ter filhos e morar com eles, e fazer uso de álcool. Conclusão: O presente estudo permitiu uma caracterização bastante específica da população em questão, evidenciando características com maior nível de associação ao uso de tabaco. Assim, entende-se que qualquer tipo de ação a ser desenvolvida junto à população de estudo, com vistas à promoção e prevenção relacionadas ao uso de tabaco no ambiente de trabalho, deva considerar tais características. / Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important public health concerns and it has become widely known that the use of tobacco is considered a preventable and potentially treatable condition. Smoking is related to loss of health and many studies emphasize the importance of knowing not only the magnitude of the consumption of tobacco, but also the factors related to its consumption. In Brazil the need to study this habit in a way to enable increase the knowledge about the subject and relate the prevalence of smoking with other indicators is still unmet. It is believed that preventive interventional actions in the work environment impact the reduction of negative consequences related to the use and abuse of substances and work-related stress. Therefore, the need to enhance the knowledge about the risk factors of the consumption of tobacco against social-demographic and economic characteristics, as well as work and health condition factors (including work-related stress) among the collaborators of a technical-administrative category in a public university is what makes this a relevant study to the scientific world, since it may support future interventional researches. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of tobacco consumption and test its association with social-demographic, economic, work, and health variables among public university collaborators. Materials and Method: This is an epidemiological, descriptiveexploratory, cross-sectional study in which 925 technical-administrative workers of a public university from the countryside of the State of Sao Paulo were enrolled. Data collection was conducted through the application of three tools: Social-demographic, economic, and work characteristics questionnaires, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and Job Stress Scale (JSS). A descriptive analysis of the sample characteristics was conducted and the Odds Ratio (OR) was applied as an association measurement, estimated through a dual and multivariate logistic regression analysis, being the hierarchical model used for variables input. For variables confusion control, those with p<=0.20 were kept. Associations with p<=0.05 were deemed significant. Result: This population consists mostly of women, between 40 and 49 years of age, married, living with somebody (children, most of the time), earning monthly incomes equivalent to one to two minimum wages, at least with a high school diploma, following some kind of religion, and using alcoholic beverage. At work, most of them have a medium-level occupation - in some cases, it was not possible to correlate the educational level to the work exercised in the institution; and they work for over 11 years at this institution. Regarding work stress, the studied population usually does not suffer from this problem, and the social support they receive is considered of intermediary level. A significant percentage of the population uses tobacco and the majority of them would like to quit. Most former smokers have quit the habit for over 10 years. Regarding nicotine dependence, some members of this population were found to be highly dependable on that substance. Higher chance of using tobacco was observed among this population, in subjects of over 50 years of age, with elementary school diploma, working at the institution for 6 to 20 years, single, with children (and living with them), and making use of alcohol. Conclusion: This study enabled a very specific characterization of this population, being that these characteristics showed a higher level of association with the use of tobacco. Therefore, we understand that any kind of action to be developed together with the study population, in order to promote and prevent the use of tobacco in the workplace, must take into account these characteristics.

Cross-sectional surveys are often used in epidemiological studies to identify subjects with a disease. When estimating the survival function from onset of disease, this sampling mechanism introduces bias, which must be accounted for. If the onset times of the disease are assumed to be coming from a stationary Poisson process, this bias, which is caused by the sampling of prevalent rather than incident cases, is termed length-bias. A one-sample Kolomogorov-Smirnov type of goodness-of-fit test for right-censored length-biased data is proposed and investigated with Weibull, log-normal and log-logistic models. Algorithms detailing how to efficiently generate right-censored length-biased survival data of these parametric forms are given. Simulation is employed to assess the effects of sample size and censoring on the power of the test. Finally, the test is used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit using length-biased survival data of patients with dementia from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging.

60 % of Canadians have suboptimal vitamin D (<75 nmol/L) and 25% are obese. Obesity has been reported to be a risk factor for low vitamin D, but there is uncertainty about the magnitude of the association. Linear regression was performed using data from the nationally representative cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009). Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and vitamin D levels were directly measured. There were 5298 participants aged 6 to 79 years. Using a conservative p value of 0.001, body mass index (BMI) category obese / obese I was positively associated and WC was inversely associated with vitamin D level in crude analysis. WC was inversely associated with vitamin D level in multivariate analysis. The pattern of relationship is not the same as other studies, yet this was a large study with direct measurements. There may be issues with linearity of relationships or subgroups disturbing the relationship.

Recent research suggests that sedentary behaviours have detrimental effects on the health and well-being of children, including effects on obesity. Specifically, television viewing is consistently associated with childhood obesity. Two explanations have been proposed: 1) reduced energy expenditure, and 2) increased food intake. However, it has been suggested that the association between television viewing and childhood obesity may be better explained by an increase in energy intake than by a reduction in energy expenditure. To date, children of different weight status have not been compared in their dietary patterns in front of the television, and it is not known if total sedentary time is linked with food intake in children. The objectives of this thesis are: 1) to determine if obese children consume food more frequently while watching television than normal weight children, and 2) to examine which of television viewing or total sedentary time better predicts dietary patterns in children. Overall, our results re-affirm the notion that television viewing is associated with obesity, although physical activity plays a role in this association. Also, children who are obese consume fast food and fruits/vegetables more frequently during television watching than normal weight children. Furthermore, television viewing appears to be a better predictor of dietary patterns in children than overall sedentary time. Globally, these results provide evidence for the deleterious effects of television viewing on children’s dietary patterns and justification for future intervention studies designed to reduce television viewing in children with obesity.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Palatal Rugae Patterns in a Sudanese Population Sample Palatal rugae are ridges resulted from symmetrical and irregular mucosal folds of tissue and located in the alveolar third of the palate. Palatal rugae identification can have a significant role in forensic identification where it is difficult to use the normal identification methods. The aim of this study is to identify and compare the palatal rugal morphological patterns in a sample of adult males and females of Sudanese population. Maxillary impression models obtained from 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) of age group 21 – 23 years, of the dental students of University of Science and Technology, Sudan. The data were assessed based on the Thomas and Kotze classification (1983) for the length, shape and prevalence. The Independent - t - Test was used for the statistical analysis. Ethical approvals declared from the University of Science and Technology, Sudan and University of the Western Cape South, South Africa to conduct the study. Statistical analysis showed that females had significantly more number of total rugae on the right side of the palate than in males. The prevalence of the palatine rugae numbers was significantly more in females than in males. Primary rugae were distributed more significantly in females more than males. On the right side of the palate, the straight type of rugae was significantly predominant in females than in males whilst the wavy shape was more in males than in females. On the left side of the palate, the curved type of rugae was significantly more presented in males than in females whilst the diverging unification type was more in females than in males. The distribution of number of rugae shapes in both males and females were seen as straight followed by wavy and least was the circular. The total number of straight rugae was significantly more in females than in males, as well as circular rugae and diverging rugae. In contrast, curved rugae were significantly more in males than in females. There were 11 individuals who did not comply with the Thomas and Kotze classification thus was recorded as unspecified. Page iv This Sudanese study showed significant differences between males and females in the number, length and shapes of rugae. Hence, the individuality and uniqueness of palatine rugae can be used as a tool for forensic dental identification, and possibly distinction between males and females. There is also a possibility that there are ethnic differences in rugal patterns.

Orientador: Alexandre Augusto Zaia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:46:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_AlineCristine_M.pdf: 987534 bytes, checksum: ab529af967b95d1c0326fdac44aa289f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Este estudo transversal determinou a prevalência de periodontite apical em 1290 dentes tratados endodonticamente em uma população brasileira, assim como as variáveis associadas à saúde perirradicular, através da avaliação de Tomografias Computadorizadas Cone beam (CBCT). As CBCT foram avaliadas quanto à presença ou ausência de periodontite apical, assim como as variáveis: gênero, qualidade do tratamento endodôntico, qualidade do tratamento restaurador, limite apical de obturação e presença ou ausência de pino intraradicular. Os dentes foram considerados saudáveis em 48,83 % dos casos avaliados. O tratamento endodôntico foi adequado em 55,11 % dos dentes. A qualidade do tratamento endodôntico e da restauração coronária influenciaram as condições perirradiculares (P < 0,0001 ), ocorrendo melhor resultado quando ambos os tratamentos foram adequados ( P < 0,01 ), assim como em casos de canais obturados até 0-2 mm do ápice radicular (P = 0,02). Foi encontrada uma prevalência relativamente elevada de periodontite apical na população estudada, o que pode estar relacionado à alta prevalência de tratamentos realizados com qualidade insatisfatória. Além disso, as variáveis qualidade do tratamento endodôntico, qualidade do tratamento restaurador e o limite apical da obturação foram significativamente associadas ao sucesso do tratamento endodontico, demonstrando a natureza multifatorial da periodontite apical / Abstract: This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of apical periodontitis in 1290 root canal-treated teeth from a Brazilian population, as well as the variables associated with periradicular health, through the evaluation of CT scans Cone beam (CBCT). The CBCT were evaluated concerning presence or absence of apical periodontitis, and also the variables: gender, quality of endodontic treatment and coronal restoration, apical level of filling and presence of post restoration. The teeth were considered healthy in 48.83% of cases evaluated. Only 55.11% of the teeth had endodontic treatment rated as adequate. The quality of both endodontic treatment and coronal restoration were statistically correlated with the presence or absence of apical periodontitis (P<.0001), and the best results occur when both treatments were adequate (P <0.01) as well as in cases filled up to 0-2 mm from the apex (P = 0.02). The data showed relatively high prevalence of apical periodontitis in the study population, which may be related to the high prevalence of treatments performed with unsatisfactory quality. In addition, the variables quality of endodontic treatment, quality of restorative treatment and the apical limit of obturation were significantly associated with the success of endodontic treatment, demonstrating the multifactorial nature of apical periodontitis / Mestrado / Endodontia / Mestra em Clínica Odontológica

O treinamento de força de baixa intensidade com restrição parcial do fluxo sanguíneo (TFR) emergiu como uma alternativa ao treinamento de força tradicional, com intensidades variando entre moderada a alta, principalmente para idosos que possam apresentar alguma limitação ou dificuldade na realização do treinamento mais intenso. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a efetividade do TFR na modulação dos níveis de força, área de secção transversa muscular (ASTM) e dos diferentes tipos de fibra (ASTF) bem como da quantidade de células satélites (CS) e mionúcleos (MIO) presentes nas células musculares de indivíduos idosos e comparar os ganhos proporcionados por esse treinamento com os ganhos do treinamento de força tradicional. Trinta sujeitos foram alocados de maneira aleatória e balanceada, pela área de secção transversa muscular do quadríceps, nos seguintes grupos: grupo controle (GC), treinamento de força de baixa intensidade com restrição parcial do fluxo sanguíneo (TFR) e treinamento de força de alta intensidade (TFAI). Após 12 semanas de treinamento, realizados duas vezes na semana, com o exercício Leg Press ambos os grupos, TFR e TFAI apresentaram aumentos nos níveis de força muscular (17% P = 0,067 e 54% P < 0,001 respectivamente) e na ASTM do quadríceps (P < 0,001; 6,6% e 7,9% respectivamente). O grupo controle não apresentou nenhuma alteração significativa dessas variáveis. Após o período de intervenção, a ASTF bem como a quantidade de CS e MIO presentes nas fibras musculares não apresentaram alterações estatisticamente significantes para nenhum dos grupos. Entretanto, no grupo controle foi observada uma queda na ASTF (tipo I = -10%; tipo II = -1%) e também na quantidade de CS e MIO presentes nas fibras (CS = -29,2%; MIO = -9,7%). Para o grupo TFR foi observado um aumento na ASTF tipo II de 13%, contudo um decréscimo de 6% na ASTF do tipo I. Na quantidade de CS o grupo TFR apresentou uma queda de 5% enquanto que para quantidade de MIO foi apresentado um acréscimo de 14,6%. Já o grupo TFAI apresentou uma elevação de 15% na ASTF para ambos os tipos de fibra, I e II. A quantidade de CS aumentou em 32,6% enquanto que a quantidade de MIO presente nas fibras musculares aumentou 3,6%. Os achados do presente estudo mostram adaptações similares nos ganhos de força e hipertrofia muscular entre o TFR e o TFAI, sendo ambos efetivos em reverter os efeitos deletérios do envelhecimento nessas variáveis, consolidando assim o TFR como uma possível alternativa ao TFAI. Quanto à modulação da ASTF bem como da quantidade de CS e MIO por fibra muscular, se comparado ao controle, que apresentou queda nos níveis dessas variáveis, ambos os treinos TFR e TFAI foram capazes de retardar o efeito do envelhecimento sobre essas variáveis, sendo o TFAI mais efetivo em modular a ASTF do tipo I e a quantidade de CS por fibra em dozes semanas de treinamento, realizados duas vezes na semana. Já para modulação da quantidade de MIO por fibra, o TFR apresentou uma ligeira vantagem frente ao TFAI. Dessa forma, em nível celular, no que diz respeito à ASTF, CS e MIO ambos os treinos, após 12 semanas com uma frequência de treinamento baixa, parecem capazes de preservar os níveis dessas variáveis frente ao processo de envelhecimento / The low load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) emerged as an alternative training mode to traditional resistance training (RT), with moderate to high intensities, mainly to elderly, with some limitations or losses, unable to exercise the traditional RT. Thus, the aim of the present study was comparing the effectiveness of BFR to promote strength gains, increases in the muscle and fibers cross sectional area (CSAm and CSAf in that order) as well as an augment in the muscle satellite cells (SC) and myonucleous (MYO) contents in elderly with RT results in these variables. Thirty elderly individuals were ranked in quartiles according to their initial quadriceps CSA and then randomly allocated into one of the following groups: control (CG), low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction group (BFR) and high-intensity resistance training (HRT). After 12 weeks of training, twice a week, using the Leg Press exercise, both groups, BFR and HRT presented increases to muscle strength (17% P = 0,067 e 54% P < 0,001 respectively) and CSAm (P < 0,001; 6,6% e 7,9% respectively). The CG did not present any significantly alteration in these variables. After the intervention, the CSAf as well as the SC and MYO contents did not show any significantly alteration for the three groups. However in the CG was observed a CSAf decreases (type I = -16%; type II = -12%) even as in the SC and MYO (CS= -29,2; MYO = -9,7%). To the BFR group was observed an increase of 13% in the type II CSAf while type I presented a decrease of 6%. The CS content decreases 5% whereas MYO content show a increase of 14,6%. To the HRT, both fibers type, I and II, presented an increase in the CSAf (type I = 1%; type II = 12%). To CS and MYO contents HRT showed an augment of 32,6% and 3,6 % respectively. These finds indicate similar strength and hypertrophy gains between BFR and HRT, being both training capable to offset age-related loss in muscle strength and mass, placing the BFR as a surrogate approach to HRT. Comparing the CSAf as well as SC and MYO modulation after intervention in both groups with the control group, BFR and HRT seems capable to break the aging impact on these variables, being the HRT slightly more effective to increase the type I CSA and CS contents while BFR seems slight more effective to increase MYO contents after 12 weeks of training twice a week. On this way both training, BFR and HRT, showed able to preserve CSAf levels even as CS and MYO content during aging

We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the anxiety, distress, and turnover intention (likelihood to leave their current job) of healthcare workers in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results reported that 21.7% healthcare workers in Peru experienced severe anxiety, whereas 26.1% of them experienced severe mental distress. A higher level of education related with a lower level of anxiety. Younger workers had a higher level of turnover intention than their older colleagues did. Healthcare workers in the private sector had a higher turnover intention than those in the public sector. Most importantly, people who were geographically far from Lima, the epicenter in Peru, during the outbreak experienced less anxiety and mental distress, corroborating the ripple effect and disconfirming the typhoon eye theory. However, the direction of these relationships can change depending on the type of institutions (public versus private) and the type of employees' contract (full time versus part time). Our research helps provide insights for clinical professionals in identifying the vulnerable groups to mental disorders in Peru. This is the first study to assess anxiety, mental distress, and turnover intention in healthcare workers in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright