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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Nanostructured thermoelectric kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4

Isotta, Eleonora 07 September 2021 (has links)
To support the growing global demand for energy, new sustainable solutions are needed both economically and environmentally. Thermoelectric waste heat recovery and energy harvesting could contribute by increasing industrial process efficiency, as well as powering stand-alone devices, microgenerators, and small body appliances.The structural complexity of quaternary chalcogenide materials provides an opportunity for engineering defects and disorder, to modify and possibly improve specific properties. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS, often kesterite), valued for the abundance and non-toxicity of the raw materials, seems particularly suited to explore these possibilities, as it presents several structural defects and polymorphic phase transformations. The aim of this doctoral work is to systematically investigate the effects of structural polymorphism, disorder, and defects on the thermoelectric properties of CZTS, with particular emphasis to their physical origin. A remarkable case is the order-disorder transition of tetragonal CZTS, which is found responsible for a sharp enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient due to a flattening and degeneracy of the electronic energy bands. This effect, involving a randomization of Cu and Zn cations in certain crystallographic planes, is verified in bulk and thin film samples, and applications are proposed to exploit the reversible dependence of electronic properties on disorder. Low-temperature mechanical alloying is instead discovered stabilizing a novel polymorph of CZTS, which disordered cubic structure is studied in detail, and proposed deriving from sphalerite-ZnS. The total cation disorder in this compound provides an uncommon occurrence in thermoelectricity: a concurrent optimization of Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity. These findings, besides providing new and general understanding of CZTS, can cast light on profitable mechanisms to enhance the thermoelectric performance of semiconducting chalcogenides, as well as delineate alternative and fruitful applications.
112

Einfluss von Oberflächeneigenschaften auf die thermoelektrischen Transporteigenschaften einzelner einkristalliner Nanodrähte

Kojda, Sandrino Danny 16 March 2016 (has links)
Diese Arbeit demonstriert die vollständige thermoelektrische Charakterisierung einzelner einkristalliner Bismuttellurid- und Silbernanodrähte und deren anschließende lokale strukturelle und chemische Charakterisierung mittels analytischer Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie. Die lokale strukturelle, chemische und morphologische Charakterisierung entlang der Nanodrähte trägt essentiell zum Verständnis des thermoelektrischen Transportes bei und bestätigt die Korrelation zwischen Oberflächen- und den thermoelektrischen Eigenschaften. Für durchmesservariierte Bismuttelluridnanodrähte wird der Einfluss der Morphologie auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei Raumtemperatur quantifiziert. Im Vergleich zu einem glatten Referenznanodraht zeigt der durchmesservariierte Nanodraht gleicher Zusammensetzung und Kristallorientierung eine Reduktion der Wärmeleitfähigkeit um 55 %. Diese Reduktion kann durch Phononenrückstreuung an der eingekerbten Oberfläche erklärt werden. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit und der Seebeckkoeffizient der Bismuttelluridnanodrähte deuten auf einen topologischen Oberflächenzustand hin. Für Silbernanodrähte werden die elektrische Leitfähigkeit und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Temperaturbereich von 1,4 K bis 300 K gemessen. Mit fallender Temperatur steigt die relative Reduktion der Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Verhältnis zur elektrischen Leitfähigkeit stärker, sodass die Lorenzzahl die klassische Wiedemann-Franz-Relation nicht erfüllt und eine Funktion der Temperatur darstellt. Der Temperaturverlauf der Lorenzzahl der Silbernanodrähte entspricht der 1938 von Makinson aufgestellten Theorie für hochreine Metalle und ist im Tieftemperaturbereich um bis zu zwei Größenordnungen zum Sommerfeldwert reduziert. / This work demonstrates the full thermoelectric characterisation of individual single crystalline bismuth telluride and silver nanowires and their subsequent local structural and chemical characterisation via analytical transmission electron microscopy along the whole nanowires. Therefore, the correlation between the structure, in particular the surface morphology, and the thermoelectric transport properties is unambiguously shown. For diameter varied bismuth telluride nanowires the influence of the morphology on the thermal conductivity is quantified at room temperature. The diameter varied nanowire shows a reduction of 55 % with respect to the smooth nanowire of the same chemical composition and structural orientation. This reduction can be explained by phonon backscattering at the indents. The electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient indicate the presence of a topological surface state. For silver nanowires the electrical and thermal conductivity are determined in the temperature range between 1.4 K and 300 K. With decreasing temperature the relative reduction of the thermal conductivity is higher than the reduction of the electrical conductivity resulting in a temperature-dependent Lorenz number, so that the classical Wiedemann-Franz relation is not fulfilled. The temperature characteristic of the silver nanowires'' Lorenz number is in agreement with the theory Makinson established for highly pure metals in 1938 and is reduced by two orders of magnitude with respect to the Sommerfeld value in the low temperature regime.

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