O presente estudo propôs-se a pesquisar aspectos relacionados à automedicação que precede o atendimento público de urgência odontológica, na população em idade economicamente ativa de uma micro-área urbana da Cidade de São Paulo - SP. Foram analisados dados primários obtidos através de entrevista assistida junto aos usuários do Serviço de Urgências Odontológicas da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo entre setembro de 2007 e março de 2008. O protocolo de pesquisa deste estudo foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo e foi aprovado pelo parecer 75/2007. Buscou-se investigar as medidas de associação existentes entre determinantes sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e comportamentais (enquanto variáveis independentes) e o uso de automedicação (variável dependente). Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente pelo programa SPSS 13, negando-se as hipóteses experimentais para valores de p maiores que 0,05 (NC 95%). Os resultados indicaram que 85,6% dos participantes haviam feito uso preliminar de medicamentos. Dentre os que os utilizaram, 73,6% praticaram automedicação. Observou-se maior prevalência não só na faixa etária compreendida entre 17 e 44 anos, como também entre os participantes com atividade remunerada. Foram observadas associações positivas quando houve: a) maior lapso de tempo entre a percepção do problema e a procura pelo cuidado profissional; b) maior grau de interferência da condição bucal nas ocupações diárias; c) jornada de trabalho igual ou superior a 40 horas semanais. Tais resultados indicam que é significativa a influência de determinantes ocupacionais na prática da automedicação que precede o atendimento de urgências odontológicas. Além disso, essa pesquisa reforça a importância de sensíveis melhorias nas políticas e práticas de educação, monitoramento e promoção de saúde bucal. Entendemos que tais medidas lograrão melhor êxito se implementadas em conjunto com políticas e práticas sustentáveis em saúde e segurança ocupacional, as quais não podem prescindir de adequada abordagem odontológica. / This work aims at studying the issue of self medication that precedes the public dental urgent care, within the economically active population of a metropolitan microarea of São Paulo. The primary data were obtained through assisted interview with users of the Urgent Care Section of the University of São Paulo Faculty of Dentistry, between September 2007 and March 2008. The study, approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo Faculty of Dentistry report 75/2007, focused on the connection between demographic, occupational and behavioural factors (as independent variables) and self medication (dependent variable). The data were processed with the SPSS 13 software, assuming the null hypothesis for p values higher than 0.05 (CI 95%). The results indicated that 85.6% of the participants had previously used medicines 73.6% of them by self medication (65.6% of the whole sample). A larger prevalence of self medication was observed within the group between 17 and 44 years of age, and those with some kind of paid activity. Positive associations were observed when it happened: a) a larger time period between the perception of the problem and the search for professional care; b) a larger degree of interference of the oral condition onto the occupational practice; c) weekly labour journey equal or higher than 40 hours. Such results indicate that occupational factors do significantly influence on self-medication preceding urgent dental care. Moreover, this research emphasises the importance of improvements in educational practices, monitoring and oral health promotion. It is believed that such measures will be more effective if introduced together with sustainable policies in health and occupational safety, which cannot preclude the dentistry approach.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-02T12:15:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Fábio de Carvalho Oliveira.pdf: 2044062 bytes, checksum: 87977064b3d976aef7ad543713a9fe6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-02T12:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Fábio de Carvalho Oliveira.pdf: 2044062 bytes, checksum: 87977064b3d976aef7ad543713a9fe6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / Situação-problema: A automedicação é uma prática comum pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem e podem acarretar riscos a saúde quando não realizada de forma segura. O objeto de pesquisa é o uso da automedicação pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem no contexto da terapia intensiva oncológica. Objetivo geral: Conhecer os motivos e valores que levam os trabalhadores de enfermagem em terapia intensiva oncológica a utilizarem a automedicação. Objetivos específicos: Identificar as concepções sobre o uso da automedicação pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem em terapia intensiva oncológica; Analisar no discurso do sujeito coletivo o significado da adoção da automedicação; Criar estratégias de comunicação que atendam ao trabalhador e orientem o uso seguro da automedicação. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, com apoio da técnica de Análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os dados foram coletados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital do Câncer II – INCA-RJ. Os participantes foram 25 trabalhadores de enfermagem. A coleta de dados se deu a partir de um roteiro de entrevista e um questionário e os dados organizados através do software Qualiquantisoft. Resultados: A automedicação é realizada pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem e os medicamentos mais utilizados são os analgésicos e os anti-inflamatórios, apresentando reações adversas e revelando ainda o uso de drogas psicoativas. O acesso se dá entre outros pela facilidade de uso de medicamentos disponíveis no setor, uso de prescrições cedidas por médicos que trabalham nos hospitais ou com medicamentos cedidos por conhecidos. Aparecem como motivos para uso da automedicação o excesso de carga horária, o conhecimento desenvolvido com as medicações, a facilidade de obter os medicamentos além do hábito cultural da população brasileira, afirmando que trabalhar na enfermagem está diretamente relacionado com a prática da automedicação. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário uma revalidação do autocuidado, haja vista que a negligência do cuidado de si, abdicar do tempo para si em prol do trabalho, remete a preocupação com o uso indiscriminado da automedicação. Os fatores educacionais podem contribuir para a automedicação mais segura e para a redução dos riscos. Vemos a necessidade de desenvolver projetos de educação em saúde para redução dos agravos decorrentes da automedicação / Problem situation: Self-medication is a common practice by the nursing staff and may cause health risks if not held securely. The object of research is the use of self-medication by nursing staff in the context of oncology intensive care. Overall Objective: To know the reasons and values that lead workers in oncology nursing to use self-medication intensive care. Specific Objectives: To identify the conceptions of self-medication by nursing staff in oncology intensive care; Analyze the collective subject discourse the significance of the adoption of self-medication; Create communication strategies that meet the employee and guide the safe use of self-medication. Method: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, with support from technical analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse. Data were collected in the Intensive Care Unit of the Cancer Hospital II - INCA - RJ. Participants were 25 nursing workers. Data collection occurred from a structured interview and a questionnaire and data organized by Qualiquantisoft software. Results: Self-medication is carried out by nursing staff and medicines are the most widely used analgesic and anti -inflammatory, with adverse reactions and also revealing the use of psychoactive drugs. Access is among others the ease of use of medicines available in the industry, use of prescriptions sold by doctors working in hospitals or transferred by known drugs. Appear as reasons for self-medication excess workload, the knowledge developed with medications, the ease of obtaining drugs beyond the cultural habits of the population, claiming to work in nursing is directly related to self-medication. Conclusion: It is necessary revalidation of self-care, given that the neglect of self-care, time for you to abdicate in favor of labor, leads to concern about the indiscriminate use of self-medication. Educational factors may contribute to self-medication safer and to reduce risks. We see the need to develop projects in health education to reduce injuries resulting from self-medication

BASIC POSTULATES: It is common the people affected by ADHD consume addictive substances, seeking relief from their sensations of motorical unease and to disturb their rationalising and thinking. Using these substances subjectively improves their abilities, reducing the undesired and unpleasant sensations emanating from the ADHD, possibly even creating enjoyable and desirable moods. The resulting problem is, this self-medication causes troubles in many aspects, detectable only gradually after longer periods of consumption. What starts as an effort to paliate the undesirable symptoms of ADHD and other effects thereof, progressively becomes seeking a solution to harmful consumption of marihuana and, in extreme cases, additiction to cannabinoids. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this thesis is to find out what is the purpose of the people with ADHD diagnosis in taking cannabis. The focus as put on whether cannabis is used to treat the symptoms of ADHD or not (regardless of the diagnosis). It was also important to map what other addictive substances use if self-medication using cannabis. METHODS: Semi-structured was chosen for the purposes of research. The questionnaires were used from L. Adler ASRS -V1 Adler.1 - Report (Adult ADHD Self Scale). Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test (CUDIT) from...

The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining medication packaging, verbal and graphical feedback, and pill count probes on increasing medication compliance. Eight chronic adult outpatients were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (a) a regimen card medication packaging system, and (b) a 7- day baggie medication packaging system. A staggered group treatment design was used to ascertain whether either of the two special packaging systems was effective relative to baseline and reversal conditions (using the standard medication vial) in increasing medication compliance behavior among both over-and undercompliant outpatients. Results indicated that the use of the special packaging of medication in combination with the behavioral techniques of verbal and graphical feedback aided in improving compliance in 4 out of 8 noncompliant outpatients.

Les animaux sont constamment soumis à des variations de leur environnement auxquelles ils doivent s’adapter. Au sein des systèmes d’élevage qui reposent sur la stimulation de processus naturels réduisant les intrants requis pour la production, et dans une perspective agro-écologique, l’autonomie et les capacités d’adaptation des animaux apparaissent particulièrement importantes. Au pâturage, les petits ruminants sont confrontés au parasitisme par les nématodes gastro-intestinaux, qui représente une menace majeure notamment du fait du développement de résistance aux traitements anthelminthiques chimiques, et une alternative à ces traitements est l’utilisation de fourrages bioactifs contenant des composés secondaires tels que les tannins condensés. Dans ce contexte, nous avons exploré les capacités d’automédication des ovins et des caprins via l’utilisation d’aliments riches en tannins lorsque ceux-ci sont confrontés au parasitisme gastro-intestinal, en proposant plusieurs scénarios pour lesquels nous avons fait varier la complexité de l'environnement alimentaire et la charge parasitaire.Ainsi, nous avons dans un premier temps évalué les capacités des moutons à apprendre les bénéfices associés à l’ingestion d’un fourrage riche en tannins, le sainfoin, à l’aide d’une période de conditionnement, et à adapter leur sélection alimentaire suivant un changement de statut parasitaire. Dans un second temps, nous avons examiné les différences entre chèvres et moutons dans leur propension à sélectionner du sainfoin lorsque ceux-ci sont parasités, en supposant que les chèvres montreraient de meilleures capacités d’automédication. Enfin, dans une troisième expérimentation, nous nous sommes intéressés aux priorités qu’accordaient les ovins dans leur sélection alimentaire aux nutriments (énergie, protéines) et aux tannins selon leur statut parasitaire.Nos expérimentations s’accordent sur l’absence d’automédication curative. En effet, nous n’avons observé ni de sélection plus importante de l’aliment riche en tannins par les animaux parasités par rapport à ceux non parasités, ni d’augmentation de la sélection après infection. Comme nous nous y attendions, les chèvres ont montré une propension plus importante à consommer l’aliment riche en tannins que les moutons, mais n’ont néanmoins pas manifesté de meilleures capacités d’automédication. Enfin, les agneaux n’ont pas priorisé l’apport en composés bioactifs par rapport aux nutriments, mais ont considérablement augmenté leur apport en énergie après infestation. Il apparait que les niveaux de tannins que nous avons volontairement choisis modérés pour les aliments expérimentaux ont induit des bénéfices nutritionnels ayant potentiellement surpassé les effets anthelminthiques, qui étaient eux-mêmes modérés, et expliquant ainsi que les animaux parasités et les animaux sains ont sélectionné les tannins de façon similaire. Par ailleurs, des difficultés d’apprentissage peuvent également expliquer cette sélection, comme en témoigne la claire inversion de préférences pour l’aliment riche en tannins observée après que les animaux ont appris à associer l’aliment riche en tannins à ses conséquences post-ingestives, après la période de conditionnement. En ce qui concerne la flexibilité de la sélection alimentaire, les préférences alimentaires sont restées inchangées après déparasitage, probablement du fait de l’absence d’effets antinutritionnels des tannins, et du statut sécuritaire accordé aux aliments riches en tannins.Nous pensons que l’évaluation des capacités d’automédication des ruminants mérite des travaux complémentaires, notamment en explorant d’autres modèles que celui du parasitisme gastro-intestinal et des fourrages bioactifs. L’analyse de l’étiologie du comportement d’automédication, en s’intéressant à l’influence du modèle social par exemple, apparait également importante afin de favoriser un tel comportement au sein de pratiques d’élevage adaptées. / Animals are constantly facing variations in their environment to which they have to adapt. In breeding systems that rely on the stimulation of natural processes to reduce the inputs needed for production, under an agroecology perspective, animal's autonomy and adaptive abilities are particularly important. In grazing systems of small ruminants, parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes is a major threat notably due to worms' resistance to chemical anthelminthic, and one alternative is the use of bioactive forages containing secondary compounds such as condensed tannins. Within this context, we explored the abilities of sheep and goats to self-medicate through the selection of tannin-rich feeds while facing gastrointestinal parasitism, by proposing different scenarios in which we varied the complexity of the feeding environment.We assessed the abilities of sheep to learn about the benefits of the tannin-rich sainfoin, by carrying out a conditioning period, and to adapt their diet selection according to changes in parasitic load. Secondly, we evaluated the differences between sheep and goats in their willingness to select sainfoin when parasitized, assuming that goats would show greater self-medication abilities. Thirdly, we studied the interactions between nutrients and medicines on diet selection by analyzing the way sheep selected proteins, energy and condensed tannins depending on their parasitic status.Our experiments did not support evidence for curative self-medication as we did not observe a greater selection of the tannin-rich feeds in parasitized than non-parasitized animals, nor an increase in selection following infection. As expected, kids were more willing than lambs to consume the tannin-rich feed, but they did not show greater abilities to self-medicate. Lastly, lambs did not prioritize medicine over nutrients, but greatly increased their energy intake following infection. It appears that the levels of tannins we voluntarily chose moderate for the experimental feeds, induced nutritional benefits that may have outweighed the anthelminthic ones, which were moderate, making both parasitized and non-parasitized animals select tannins in a similar way. Furthermore, learning impairment may be involved as well, as indicated by the striking reversal of preferences for the tannin-rich feed we observed once animals were helped to associate the tannin-rich feed with its consequences via conditioning. Regarding diet selection flexibility, feed preferences remained unchanged after deworming, likely because of the absence of anti-nutritional effects of tannins, and the safe status attributed the tannin-rich feeds.We think that the investigation of self-medication abilities in ruminants deserves further work, notably by exploring other models than gastrointestinal parasitism and bioactive forages. The analysis of the etiology of self-medication, by investigating the influence of the social model for example, appears also important in order to favour such behaviour by adapted farming practices.

Self-medication impacts both negatively and positively the health of people, which has become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medicated drugs used for respiratory symptoms, as COVID-19 preventive, for its symptoms or once tested positive. To determine the perception of symptom relief and demographic variables that promote self-medication in Peru. We performed a cross-sectional, analytical, multicenter study in 3792 study respondents on the use, the reason for use, and perception of relief after the use of six drugs during the quarantine period. An online questionnaire was developed, pretested and submitted to the general public. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain factors that influence an individual's desire to self-medicate, associations were considered significant at p < 0.05 and using region (coast, mountain and jungle) as cluster group. The majority of respondents self-medicated with acetaminophen for respiratory symptoms and mainly because they had a cold or flu. It was observed that all the surveyed drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, azithromycin, penicillin, antiretrovirals and hydroxychloroquine) were consumed for various symptoms including: fever, fatigue, cough, sneezing, muscle pain, nasal congestion, sore throat, headache and breathing difficulty. Over 90% of respondents perceived relief of at least one symptom. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older people have a higher frequency of antiretroviral self-medication, respondents who currently have a job had a higher frequency of penicillin self-medication, and that respondents from the Andes consumed less acetaminophen, while the ones from the rainforest consumed it more. There were significant percentages of self-medication, including drugs without sufficient scientific evidence. Age, region where one lived and job status were variables associated with self-medication frequency. Continuous awareness and sensitization about the risks of self-medication are warranted. / Revisión por pares

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) often co-occur in adolescent patients. Previous research has shown that these patients differ from SUD patients without PTSD in terms of their substance use patterns. In this study, we aimed to test whether substance use in this population is related to an attempt to self-medicate PTSD-related symptoms. - Methods: German adolescent patients (aged 13–18 years) at an outpatient clinic for SUD treatment, n = 111 (43% female), completed a self-designed questionnaire on use motives, a measure of PTSD-related experiences, and underwent a standardized psychiatric interview including structured substance use questions. Participants were subsequently classified as ‘no traumatic experiences (‘noTEs’ but SUD), ‘traumatic experiences but no current PTSD diagnosis’ (‘TEs’ with SUD), and ‘PTSD’ with SUD. After establishing a self-designed motive measurement through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we calculated non-parametric group differences and a mediation analysis in a linear regression framework. - Results: The past-year frequency of MDMA use was highest in the PTSD group and lowest in the noTE group (H (2) = 7.2, p = .027, η² = .058), but no differences were found for frequencies of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, or stimulant use (all H ≤ 4.9, p ≥ .085, η² ≤ .033). While controlling for sex, the three groups showed a similar pattern (highest in the PTSD group and lowest in the noTE group) for coping scores (F (103) = 5.77, p = .004, η² = .101). Finally, mediation analyses revealed an indirect effect of coping score (b = 0.61, 95% CI [0.29, 1.58], p = .145) on the association between group membership and MDMA use frequency. - Conclusions: In adolescent SUD patients, we found an association of current PTSD and lifetime traumatic experiences with higher MDMA use that could be partially explained by substance use being motivated by an attempt to cope with mental health symptoms. This indicates a coping process involved specifically in MDMA use compared to the use of other psychoactive substances, possibly due to unique psychoactive effects of MDMA.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y factores sociodemográficos que se asocian a la automedicación para la prevención del COVID-19 en adultos atendidos en un hospital del distrito de Ferreñafe 2020 – 2021. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia realizado en el Hospital Agustín Arbulú Neyra. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado por expertos. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 345 adultos. El promedio de edad fue de 58,7 ± 12,4 años, mediana de 57, (rango: 40 a 94 años). La prevalencia de automedicación de forma preventiva contra el COVID-19 durante los primeros 6 meses de la pandemia fue el 38,8% y los últimos 6 meses del año 2021 fue del 1,4%. El medicamento más usado fue la ivermectina (65,7%). La fuente que mayor influencia generó en los pacientes fueron los medios de comunicación como la televisión o la radio (32,1%). Conclusiones: Se encontró una prevalencia de automedicación moderada. Tuvieron mayor frecuencia quieres se encontraban en la quinta década de su vida, procedentes de Pueblo Nuevo, con un nivel educativo mayor y que presentaban una comorbilidad. / Objective: To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with self-medication for the prevention of COVID-19 in adults treated at a hospital in the district of Ferreñafe 2020 - 2021. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenience non-probabilistic sampling method performed in Agustin Arbulu Neyra Hospital. A survey validated by experts was used. Results: 345 adults were interviewed. The mean age was 58,7 ± 12,4, median of 57; (range: 40 to 94 years). The frequency of self-medication as a preventive treatment for the first six months of the pandemic was 38,8% and for the last 6 months of 2021 was 1,4%. The most commonly used drug was ivermectin (65,7%). The most frequent source of information that influenced on people were television and radio (32,1%). Conclusions: A moderate prevalence of self-medication was found. They were more frequently found in the fifth decade of their life, coming from Pueblo Nuevo, with a higher educational level and presenting a comorbidity.

SITUATION: Multiple sclerosis belongs to the most common chronic neurological disease of the central nervous system. The disease is incurable, however it is treatable. Modern medicine has a variety of medications to relieve the symptoms and slowing the onset and progression. In many cases, however, treatment is not effective and often causes side effects. Cannabis and its products are used in the symptomatic and causal therapy of many diseases. The efficacy of cannabis treatment in multiple sclerosis is confirmed by several studies. Medical cannabis is a way how to relieve pain and muscle spasms. In 2013 in the Czech Republic there have been changes in laws allowing prescribing cannabis for medical treatment. OBJECTIVES: The study's goal is to describe the issues of self-medication using medical cannabis from the perspective of people suffering from multiple sclerosis. The primary objective is to map the following areas: introduction to cannabis and motivation to self- medication, frequency and methods of self-medication, therapeutic effects experienced during self-medication, side effects experienced during self-medication, perspectives of cannabis use in the future. METHODOLOGY: Self-selection in combination with snowball sampling method was used to obtain survey respondents. Data in this study...

This thesis is about clients who are in treatment in therapeutic communities for drug addicts and suffer with a mental illness alongside drug addiction. The theoretical part summarizes the definition and description of dual diagnosis, the prevalence of people with dual diagnosis and discusses the possibilities of therapeutic approaches to clients with these specific demands. Finally, attention is paid to the theory of self-medication for symptoms of mental illness through addictive substances which supports the theoretical model of addiction as a result of reactions to psychiatric illness. The research was carried out at the research group, which was formed by all clients currently in treatment in two therapeutic communities for drug addicts in July 2015. The research was conducted as a quantitative design through non-standardized questionnaire. This research shows that from the total number of respondents, 79% had a psychiatric diagnosis in addition to substance abuse. Most often these were methamphetamine users and multiple substance users. From psychiatric disorders were most strongly represented personality disorders, depressive disorders and disorders from psychotic spectrum. With respondents who reported substance abuse to suppress psychopathological symptoms occurred reduction of most of...