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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An interrogation of the selfishness paradign in sociobiology including its explanations of altruism and a response to its interpretation of New Testament love

Goddard, Lisa Marguerite Denise January 2007 (has links)
This thesis is a response to the sociobiological paradigm which sees all aspects of life as fundamentally 'selfish'. This view is built upon two concepts, firstly, that the evolutionary process of natural selection leads to a world characterised by 'selfish' genes and 'selfish' individual organisms. Secondly, that all aspects of human nature, including benevolence, are defined by natural selection and are consequently selfish in motivation also. In Chapter 2, the first of these ideas is shown as inappropriate, not least, because selection favours genes that 'cooperate' and individuals that 'sacrificially' expend themselves in producing offspring. In Chapter 3, the second concept is discounted as only some aspects of human behaviour and culture can be explained in terms of natural selection. These points are central to the discussions on 'altruism' in Chapters 4-6. While sociobiologists have rightly noted that kin and reciprocal forms of 'altruism' occur in nature and in human society, their rendering of them in terms of genetic and individual 'selfishness' is again entirely misleading. The arguments of some sociobiologists for group selected forms of 'altruism' in nature and human culture are shown as unconvincing. Further, the sociobiological contention that human benevolence is constrained to the aiding of kin, reciprocal partners and group members is also countered. Humans exhibit the capacity to care for those outside of these sociobiological categories. Moreover, rather than being primarily selfish in motivation, humans are both more altruistic and more egoistic than the sociobiological view can accommodate. Chapter 7 considers the sociobiological interpretation of the New Testament (NT) teachings on love as selfishly concerned only with the care of kin, reciprocators and group members. This view is largely acceded to by the theologian, Stephen Pope, while another, Patrfcia Williams, has argued that the NT directly strives to counter such innate forms of behaviour. Chapters 8-10 investigate some of the NT teachings on love and argue for a more profound and complex altruism than any of these views. Chapter 8 contends that NT love is a deeply humble and sacrificial altruism where the needs of the other are placed before those of the self; one that is patterned after the example of Christ. It is a radical altruism, which as Chapter 9 argues, encompasses kin but also goes beyond this category in the requirement to love the new family of believers. This love of the group, the church, is itself transcended in a love for all others. Chapter 10 argues that this NT altruism is not bound by reciprocity for it prioritises the care of the weak, those who cannot reciprocate; and extends love to enemies, those who will not reciprocate. The view that such a love is ultimately reciprocal on the grounds of its heavenly reward is countered, as the NT reward of love is the promise that the believer's capacity for self-giving love will be perfected.
2

Nietzsche: da casuística do egoísmo ao amor fati / Nietzsche: from the casuistry of egoism to amor fati

Carvalho Neto, Stelio de 15 March 2018 (has links)
O que pretendemos com esse trabalho é estabelecer um entendimento mais claro sobre o tratamento dado por Nietzsche para os temas do egoísmo e da dadivosidade. A questão se colocou a partir da leitura do canto Da Virtude Dadivosa, de Assim Falou Zaratustra. Nele, Nietzsche faz a exaltação de um egoísmo sadio e sagrado, que deve ser distinguido de um outro egoísmo, demasiado pobre, faminto, que sempre deseja furtar, o egoísmo dos doentes, o egoísmo doente. Ao egoísmo sadio é vinculada a busca por uma virtude que se predica dos atributos de um metal precioso, o ouro: Incomum é a virtude mais alta, e inútil, reluzente e de brilho suave, uma virtude dadivosa é a virtude mais alta. A ideia em princípio paradoxal de um egoísmo dadivoso foi o que ensejou nosso trabalho. Como conciliar egoísmo e doação? A resposta está no próprio Zaratustra: tornando-se dádiva. Encontramos aí uma primeira pista para a solução do nosso problema: a relação entre o egoísmo e o tornar-se ou, assumindo os termos que usaremos em nossa dissertação, entre o egoísmo e o vir a ser. Suspeitamos que o egoísmo sadio é o mesmo que o amor de si (suspeita autorizada pela etimologia do termo alemão Selbstsucht, que pode significar tanto um vício de si, quanto uma procura de si). Esse egoísmo deve ser condição para que alguém venha a ser dádiva. Verificaremos essa suspeita nos três capítulos planejados para a nossa dissertação: 1) Egoísmo do mercador e egoísmo refinado em Schopenhauer como educador; 2) Egoísmo sadio, egoísmo doente e a virtude dadivosa em Assim Falou Zaratustra; 3) Ecce Homo: da casuística do egoísmo ao amor fati. / Our aim with this work is to establish a clearer understanding of Nietzsche\'s approach to the themes of selfishness and generosity. The problem appeared in our reading of the chant The Bestowing Virtue, from Thus Spoke Zarathustra. There, Nietzsche praises a healthy and holy selfishness that has to be distinguished from another kind of selfishness, an all-too-poor, a hungry selfishness that always want to steal, that selfishness of the sick, the sick selfishness. To the holy selfishness is related the search for a virtue that predicates itself of the attributes of a rare and precious metal, the attributes of gold: The highest virtue is uncommon and useless, it is shining and mellow in lustre: the highest virtue is a bestowing virtue. The idea of a generous selfishness, paradoxical at first, gave rise to our work. How to reconcile selfishness and bestowal? The answer seems to be in Zarathustra: becoming a gift. There we found a fist clue to the resolution of our problem: the relation between selfishness and becoming. We suspect that the healthy selfishness is the same as care of the self (suspicion allowed by the etymology of the German noun Selbstsucht, which meaning can be either a lust for oneself, or a search for oneself). This selfishness seems to be a condition for one to become a gift. We will verify our hypotheses in the three chapters planned for our dissertation: 1) Egoism of the moneymaker and refined egoism in Schopenhauer as educator; 2) Healthy selfishness, sick selfishness and the bestowing virtue in Thus spoke Zarathustra; 3) Ecce Homo: from the casuistry of egoism to amor fati.
3

Nietzsche: da casuística do egoísmo ao amor fati / Nietzsche: from the casuistry of egoism to amor fati

Stelio de Carvalho Neto 15 March 2018 (has links)
O que pretendemos com esse trabalho é estabelecer um entendimento mais claro sobre o tratamento dado por Nietzsche para os temas do egoísmo e da dadivosidade. A questão se colocou a partir da leitura do canto Da Virtude Dadivosa, de Assim Falou Zaratustra. Nele, Nietzsche faz a exaltação de um egoísmo sadio e sagrado, que deve ser distinguido de um outro egoísmo, demasiado pobre, faminto, que sempre deseja furtar, o egoísmo dos doentes, o egoísmo doente. Ao egoísmo sadio é vinculada a busca por uma virtude que se predica dos atributos de um metal precioso, o ouro: Incomum é a virtude mais alta, e inútil, reluzente e de brilho suave, uma virtude dadivosa é a virtude mais alta. A ideia em princípio paradoxal de um egoísmo dadivoso foi o que ensejou nosso trabalho. Como conciliar egoísmo e doação? A resposta está no próprio Zaratustra: tornando-se dádiva. Encontramos aí uma primeira pista para a solução do nosso problema: a relação entre o egoísmo e o tornar-se ou, assumindo os termos que usaremos em nossa dissertação, entre o egoísmo e o vir a ser. Suspeitamos que o egoísmo sadio é o mesmo que o amor de si (suspeita autorizada pela etimologia do termo alemão Selbstsucht, que pode significar tanto um vício de si, quanto uma procura de si). Esse egoísmo deve ser condição para que alguém venha a ser dádiva. Verificaremos essa suspeita nos três capítulos planejados para a nossa dissertação: 1) Egoísmo do mercador e egoísmo refinado em Schopenhauer como educador; 2) Egoísmo sadio, egoísmo doente e a virtude dadivosa em Assim Falou Zaratustra; 3) Ecce Homo: da casuística do egoísmo ao amor fati. / Our aim with this work is to establish a clearer understanding of Nietzsche\'s approach to the themes of selfishness and generosity. The problem appeared in our reading of the chant The Bestowing Virtue, from Thus Spoke Zarathustra. There, Nietzsche praises a healthy and holy selfishness that has to be distinguished from another kind of selfishness, an all-too-poor, a hungry selfishness that always want to steal, that selfishness of the sick, the sick selfishness. To the holy selfishness is related the search for a virtue that predicates itself of the attributes of a rare and precious metal, the attributes of gold: The highest virtue is uncommon and useless, it is shining and mellow in lustre: the highest virtue is a bestowing virtue. The idea of a generous selfishness, paradoxical at first, gave rise to our work. How to reconcile selfishness and bestowal? The answer seems to be in Zarathustra: becoming a gift. There we found a fist clue to the resolution of our problem: the relation between selfishness and becoming. We suspect that the healthy selfishness is the same as care of the self (suspicion allowed by the etymology of the German noun Selbstsucht, which meaning can be either a lust for oneself, or a search for oneself). This selfishness seems to be a condition for one to become a gift. We will verify our hypotheses in the three chapters planned for our dissertation: 1) Egoism of the moneymaker and refined egoism in Schopenhauer as educator; 2) Healthy selfishness, sick selfishness and the bestowing virtue in Thus spoke Zarathustra; 3) Ecce Homo: from the casuistry of egoism to amor fati.
4

青少年的自私行為及其相關背景因素之探討

黃鈺婷, Huang, Yu-Ting Unknown Date (has links)
為瞭解青少年自私行為表現與利社會行為表現的關係,以及青少年自私行為表現與人口變項(年級、性別、出生序、家庭信仰、家庭社經地位)、家庭變項(家庭結構、親子互動關係類型、父母親管教方式類型)、個人變項(同理心)等背景變項的關係,乃以國中學生491人為研究對象,再採用個人基本資料表、家庭社經地位調查表、自私行為量表、日常利社會行為自陳量表、父母管教方式量表、親子互動關係量表、及同理心量表等研究工具,獲得所需資料,再以Pearson積差相關、平均數差異t考驗、單因子變異數分析、二因子變異數分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。結果發現: 1.青少年的自私行為表現與利社會行為表現間存有負相關的關係。 2.年齡(年級)不同青少年的自私行為表現,沒有顯著差異。 3.男生比女生顯得較為自私。 4.出生序不同青少年的自私行為表現,沒有顯著差異。 5.家庭信仰的有無,青少年的自私行為表現,沒有顯著差異。 6.來自中下家庭社經地位的青少年,自私行為表現顯著多於來自中等以上家庭社經地位者。 7.雙親家庭青少年的自私行為表現,顯著少於單親家庭青少年,顯得較不自私。 8.來自親子(父子、母子)互動關係類型為「聚頻心繫」家庭的青少年,自私行為表現顯著少於親子互動關係類型為「聚疏心繫」、或「聚疏心離」者。 9.父親採用管教方式(專制權威、寬鬆放任、忽視冷漠、開明權威)的不同,青少年的自私行為表現,沒有顯著的差異存在。 10.父母親採用管教方式(專制權威、寬鬆放任、忽視冷漠、開明權威、不一致)的不同,青少年的自私行為表現,沒有顯著的差異存在。 11.母親採用「專制權威」管教方式,青少年的自私行為表現顯著少於母親採用「寬鬆放任」、或「忽視冷漠」方式者。 12.同理心(包括觀點取替與同情關懷能力)愈高的青少年,表現的自私行為愈少。 13.家庭社經地位及父母親管教方式類型(寬鬆放任、忽視冷漠、開明權威),不會交互影響青少年的自私行為表現。 14.家庭結構及父母親管教方式類型(寬鬆放任、忽視冷漠、開明權威), 不會交互影響青少年的自私行為表現。 15.家庭結構及親子互動關係類型(聚頻心繫、聚疏心繫、聚頻心離、聚 疏心離),不會交互影響青少年的自私行為表現。 16.「性別」、「高同理心」、「聚頻心繫的母子互動關係類型」、「聚頻心繫的父子互動關係類型」、「專制權威的母親管教方式類型」、「雙親家庭」、「社經中上」等七個變項,能有效預測全體青少年的自私行為表現,預測力為16.9%。 17.「高同理心」、「有家庭信仰」、「聚頻心繫的母子互動關係類型」等三個變項,能有效預測男性青少年的自私行為表現,預測力為7.7%;而「聚頻心繫的母子互動關係類型」、「高同理心」、「雙親家庭」、「專制權威的母親管教方式類型」、「社經中下」等五個變項,能有效預測女性青少年的自私行為表現,預測力為15.7%。 18.「性別」、「高同理心」、「聚頻心繫的母子互動關係類型」、 「專制權威的母親管教方式類型」、「聚頻心繫的父子互動關係類型」、「雙親家庭」、「社經中上」等五個變項,能有效預測雙親家庭青少年的自私行為表現,預測力為15.4%。「同理心」能有效預測單親家庭青少年的自私行為表現,預測力為7.2%。 本研究根據上述研究結果加以討論,並針對家庭教育、學校教育、社會教育、及未來研究等四方面,提出數點建議,以供後續研究與預防青少年自私行為表現方案規劃的參考。
5

A questão do indivíduo em Max Stirner / The matter of the self in Max Stirner

Rodrigues, Sandro Soares January 2015 (has links)
RODRIGUES, Sandro Soares. A questão do indivíduo em Max Stirner. 2015. 111f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-14T15:31:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ssrodrigues.pdf: 481086 bytes, checksum: b1679ddd7a1c7e5a6db4aa8ea8c448f7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-14T16:56:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ssrodrigues.pdf: 481086 bytes, checksum: b1679ddd7a1c7e5a6db4aa8ea8c448f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-14T16:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_ssrodrigues.pdf: 481086 bytes, checksum: b1679ddd7a1c7e5a6db4aa8ea8c448f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The objective of this study is about the individual within Max Stirner from the immanent reading of his main work The Ego and Its Own (1844). The theme involving the individual is central in Stirner's work, yet so little is known and studied. Stating in an objective way, the individual for Stirner possesses an unconditional, entirely free existence, occupying a central spot, singular, unique in the world. In other words, the individual is in a Stirnerian sphere in which nothing is before or after him, where no power is imposed, no conditioning restricts him, he is free from any constraints, obligations or duties. The novelty presented by Stirner consists, apart from a defense of the individual, especially a defense of his individuality. For Stirner, the constitutive character of individuality is not social, but natural, whereas since the first contact with the world, the individual struggles to affirm himself, to the point where he becomes aware of himself as a purely selfish existence. Stirner intends to create conditions for each individual to rebel against all entities that try to suppress the power and the individual strength. Our philosopher will make use of terms like Ego or Its-own to designate this example of irreducible individuality, unrepeatable and owner of himself and the world. As Stirner's thinking was forgotten for a long time, or misrepresented by most of his critics, we chose to perform an immanent reading of the featured work without, however, discard those contributions who preceded us in the subject of this study. / O objetivo desta dissertação consiste no estudo acerca da questão do indivíduo em Max Stirner a partir da leitura imanente de sua principal obra O Único e sua Propriedade (1844). A temática envolvendo o indivíduo é central na obra stirneriana, contudo, pouco conhecida e estudada. De forma objetiva, o indivíduo para Stirner goza de uma existência incondicionada, inteiramente livre, ocupando um lugar central, singular, única no mundo. Em outros termos, o indivíduo stirneriano encontra-se numa esfera na qual nada lhes é anterior ou posterior, em que nenhum poder se lhe impõe, nenhum condicionamento o restringe, sendo livre de quaisquer constrangimentos, imposições ou deveres. A novidade apresentada por Stirner consiste, para além de uma defesa do indivíduo, principalmente uma defesa de sua individualidade. Para ele, o caráter constitutivo da individualidade não é social, mas natural, ao passo que, desde o primeiro contato com o mundo, o indivíduo luta para se afirmar, até o ponto no qual toma consciência de si, como existência puramente egoísta. Stirner intenta criar condições para que cada indivíduo se revolte contra todas as entidades que tentam reprimir o poder e a força individuais. Nosso filósofo fará uso dos termos Único ou Eu-proprietário para designar este exemplar de individualidade irredutível, irrepetível e proprietária de si e do mundo. Como o pensamento de Stirner fora esquecido por muito tempo, ou deturpado pela maioria de seus críticos, optamos pela realização de uma leitura imanente da obra em destaque sem, no entanto, descartarmos as contribuições daqueles que nos antecederam no estudo da temática em questão.
6

Självutveckling mot narcissism? : En studie av svensk självhjälpslitteratur och dess budskap / Self-development towards narcissism? : A study of Swedish self-help literature and its message

Nyström Campos, Jennifer, Gussman Lennström, Elin January 2013 (has links)
Uppsatsens syfte har varit att undersöka om det i ett urval av storsäljande självhjälpslitteratur med fokus på självutveckling förmedlas narcissistiska budskap. Studien grundar sig i tidigare forskning som behandlat narcissism utifrån både ett psykologiskt-, och ett samhällsperspektiv. Därutöver har forskning om självhjälpslitteratur utgjort en del av referensramen för studien. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys har applicerats på materialet. Det empiriska urvalet har bestått av tre svenska självhjälpsböcker som figurerat på topplistor för större återförsäljare av litteratur på internet. Materialet har analyserats ur ett samhällsperspektiv med hjälp av Eric Fromms teorier om frihet, individuationsprocessen, själviskhet och ideal samt delar av Erving Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv. Resultatet visade att självhjälpslitteraturen som studerats förmedlar budskap som var och ett för sig kan uppfattas som sunda och rimliga. Läsaren uppmanades sätta sig själv främst, vara målmedveten, lära sig att hantera relationen till sig själv och andra samt hantera sina svagheter. Texterna förmedlade att självrespekt och empati var förutsättningar för lycka. Sammanfattningsvis har vissa budskap återfunnits som i samspel med varandra kan ses som narcissistiska. Studiens slutsats var att litteraturen förmedlade narcissistiska budskap, där gränsen mellan det sunda och osunda i hur läsaren uppmanades sätta sig själv i fokus, använda relationer, sätta egna mål samt sträva efter lycka och framgång, inte var självklar. / The purpose of this study was to investigate if a selection of best-selling self-help literature focusing on self-development contained narcissistic messages. The study is based on previous studies which analyzed narcissism from a psychological as well as a sociologic perspective. Research concerning self-help literature has also been used in the study. Content analysis has been applied to the material. The empiric selection consisted of three popular Swedish self-help books. The material has been analyzed from a sociologic perspective by using Eric Fromm’s theories on freedom, the individuation process, selfishness and ideals as well as Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective. The result showed that the chosen self-help literature contained messages that on their own could be interpreted as rational and sound. The reader was encouraged to focus on itself, be goal-oriented and learn how to manage the own self and its weaknesses. The texts conveyed that self-respect and empathy were necessary conditions for achieving happiness. In summary, some messages that in interplay encouraged narcissism were found. In the end it was concluded that the literature conveyed narcissistic messages, where the line between healthy and unhealthy in how the readers were encouraged to put themselves first, use relations, set their own goals as well as pursuing happiness and success, wasn’t obvious.
7

Nietzsche on Naturalism, Egoism and Altruism

Nantz, Derrick Phillip 06 November 2007 (has links)
In this thesis I provide an overview of Nietzsche's ethics with an emphasis on showing how his naturalistic approach to ethics leads him to advance an egoistic moral code. I argue that this, though radical in the light of conventional morality, is not irrational, unprincipled, or proscriptive of other-regarding moral considerations. On the contrary, it demands the highest degree of foresight and integrity. While Nietzsche's writings are meant for a select group of people, namely "higher men," whose flourishing may be undercut by their unwitting acceptance of a self-destructive morality. I explain that Nietzsche places the highest degree of value on the life of these individuals, the development of their character, and their flourishing. Further, I explain that Nietzsche extols as a great virtue "bestowing" or "gift-giving," and that he takes generosity to be more frequently practiced under an ethics of egoism.
8

Self fish /

Rogers, Douglas E. January 2010 (has links)
Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2010. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30).
9

The evolution of self-limiting behavior strategies

Eldakar, Omar Tonsi. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Biological Sciences, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.
10

Como alguém se torna o que é: ecce homo e a auto-realização, segundo Nietzsche / How one becomes what one is: ecce homo and self realization, according to Nietzsche

Vasconcelos Júnior, José Wilson January 2008 (has links)
VASCONCELOS JÚNIOR, José Wilson; MACIEL, Mirtes Mirian Amorim. Como alguém se torna o que é: ecce homo e a auto-realização, segundo Nietzsche. 2008. 128f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2008. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-21T15:25:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwvasconcelosjunior.pdf: 1003787 bytes, checksum: 760f2041845843d9dd707ba7122628cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-23T14:55:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwvasconcelosjunior.pdf: 1003787 bytes, checksum: 760f2041845843d9dd707ba7122628cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-23T14:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_jwvasconcelosjunior.pdf: 1003787 bytes, checksum: 760f2041845843d9dd707ba7122628cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Nesta dissertação objetiva-se analisar a realização humana segundo a perspectiva do filósofo Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). Considera-se, para tanto, o processo vital circunscrito pelo subtítulo dado à autobiografia: “como alguém se torna o que é”. Privilegiando os temas tratados em Ecce Homo, intermedeiam-se as discussões com o cotejamento daqueles assuntos abordados por outras obras do Filósofo. Tornar-se o que se é constitui não apenas um cume perseguido, mas igualmente uma sobredeterminação inapelável para a filosofia de Nietzsche. Nesse caminho, ele valorizou, contra a tradição filosófica e religiosa, o cultivo de si e o amor de si como propiciadores do grande e fecundo egoísmo. Apontou para a superação de tudo aquilo que amesquinha e enfraquece o homem, elogiando o que fortalece e plenifica a vida compreendida por ele como vontade de poder em expansão. O cultivo da grande individualidade surge como contraposição, nessa filosofia, à massificação do homem pelas forças gregárias que arrebanham os “seres supérfluos” em igrejas, povos e estados. Percorrem-se, então, as ponderações de Nietzsche sobre o que ele nomeou de “casuística do egoísmo”, sua pretensa extemporaneidade, bem como se delimita aquilo designado pelo Filósofo como die Wohlgeratenheit, “a vida que vingou”. São trabalhadas, a seguir, as relações dessa vida bem lograda com as teses de Nietzsche sobre a razão, a subjetividade, o cultivo de si mediante a disciplina do guerreiro — ele próprio entendia-se como um filósofo guerreiro. Por fim, apresenta-se sua compreensão acerca do que é a máxima auto-realização depois que o último homem se configurou no niilismo característico da contemporaneidade: a figura de Zaratustra como super-homem, mestre do eterno retorno e amante do destino.

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