Orientador: Eni Puccinelli Orlandi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T22:10:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lagazzi_Suzy_D.pdf: 3615432 bytes, checksum: 69e1387e2c2e081bf94cffd6c25bbe5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Résumé: Mon travail cherche à comprendre le fonctionnement de Ia résistance du sujet tant qu'il y a Ia possibilité de changement. Pour cela je prends l' "assentamento" comme mon espace discursif et l' Analyse du Discours de. Ia ligne française comme mon référentiel théorico-analytique. A partir des entrevues réalisées avec les "assentados" à Fazenda Ipanema, en Iperó (SP), j' analyse le discours sur Ia coopérative dans le contrepoint avec le discour du leader du "Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra" dans I' "assentamento". Tout au long de l'analyse ce fut fondamental de comprendre que l'espace de l'''assentamento'' délimite le dehors e le dedans et que cette délimitation est discursivement organisée. Aussi, qu'il n'y a pas de coincidence entre le discours de l"'assentado" et le discours du "MST", étant donné que ce dernier emmene le politique à l' intérieur de I "'assentamento". Dans Ia discussion de ce qu'est le politique, je critique Ia typologie et je montre le besoin de ne pas réduire l.e politique à Ia politique. De même ce fut important de comprendre qu~ Ia réflexion sur le politique dans I "'assentamento" doit être faite dans I' imbrication avec le juridique, em raison dú déplacement dans le discours de l~ propriétéqui se manifeste dans Ia relation de l"'assentamento" avec le dehors.., J'affirme que l'''assentamento'' configure um fait juridique qui se marque par Ia déstabilisation dans le sens de Ia contravention, constituant un espace de' résistance politique. L' analyse du discours sur Ia coopérative a donné Ia visibilité à un processus que j' ai dénommé transitivité temporelle et qui définit les relations imaginaires dans l'''assentamento'' en permettant que les sens s'entrecroisent dans un parcours de re-signification symbolique qui détermine Ia recherche par de nouvelles possibilités, parcours dans lequel se montre le travail de Ia résistance / Resumo: Neste trabalho busco compreender o funcionamento da resistência do sujeito enquanto possibilidade de mudança. Para isso, tomo o assentamento como meu espaço discursivo e a Análise do Discurso de linha francesa como meu referencial teórico-analítico. A partir de entrevistas realizadas com os assentados da Fazenda Ipanema, em Iperó (SP), analiso o discurso sobre a cooperativa no contraponto com o discurso da liderança do MST no assentamento. No percurso da análise, foi fundamental compreender que o espaço do assentamento delimita o 'fora' e o 'dentro' e que essa demarcação é discursivamente definida. Também, que não há coincidência entre o discurso do assentado e o discurso do 'MST, sendo que este último traz o político para dentro do assentamento. Na discussão do que é o político, critico a tipologização e mostro a necessidade de não reduzirmos o político à política. Foi igualmente importante compreender que a reflexão sobre o político no assentamento precisa ser feita na imbricação com o jurídico, dado o deslocamento no discurso da propriedade que se manifesta na relação do assentamento com o fora. O assentamento configura um fato jurídico que se, marca pela desestabilização no sentido da contravenção, constituindo um espaço de resistência política. A análise do discurso sobre a cooperativa deu visibilidade a um processo que denominei transitividade temporal e que define as relações imaginárias no assentamento, permitindo que os sentidos se entrecruzem num percurso de ressignificação simbólica que determina a busca por novas possibilidades. Nesse percurso se mostra o trabalho da resistência / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-09-27T22:19:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Cleiton Ferreira da Silva.pdf: 7339346 bytes, checksum: 948a4eefb261d957f09849058d5fdc16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-11-19T22:34:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Cleiton Ferreira da Silva.pdf: 7339346 bytes, checksum: 948a4eefb261d957f09849058d5fdc16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-19T22:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Cleiton Ferreira da Silva.pdf: 7339346 bytes, checksum: 948a4eefb261d957f09849058d5fdc16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / O presente trabalho analisa a base social e a atuação de um movimento sem-teto, o Movimento de Luta nos Bairros, Vilas e Favelas (MLB), em seus núcleos de ocupação e núcleos que se tornaram conjuntos habitacionais, localizados nas cidades do Recife e Jaboatão dos Guararapes. Através do acompanhamento sistemático das ações do movimento junto ao Estado e, em especial às famílias, pretendemos reacender o debate nas Ciências Humanas em torno das classes sociais, analisando, sobretudo, o aspecto social das famílias, num período de mudanças profundas no campo do trabalho, com a emergência da era Pós-Fordista, onde a cidade torna-se o lócus privilegiado da produção e reprodução da força de trabalho, amparado pelo poder público local em consonância com o capital rentista, especulativo e latifundiário. A conjuntura interna (nos últimos anos) do aumento do consumo e da renda tem provocado a discussão, sobre a ascensão de uma "nova classe média", ao mesmo tempo em que várias críticas são tecidas em torno da ascensão desta classe quando se leva em consideração o aspecto econômico, ou ainda, quando a classifica, utilizando o substrato único da posição no sistema produtivo. Diante deste debate e das mudanças provocadas no campo do trabalho e da economia, colocamos em evidência neste estudo, a possibilidade de conhecer estes "novos" sujeitos coletivos precarizados, analisando não apenas o aspecto objetivo (renda, escolaridade, ocupação), mas em confluência a outros mecanismos de análise: o estilo de vida, a forma de socialização que singulariza a classe, os mecanismos de uso do espaço pelos indivíduos e a dimensão subjetiva (emoção, ideias, crenças, paixões). Nesta amplitude de critérios e dos mecanismos de atuação do MLB na intermediação junto ao Estado, é fundante imaginar numa ação classista do movimento juntamente com as famílias num espaço urbano cada dia mais desigual. Para isso, este trabalho traçou o perfil das famílias e do movimento que as "organizam", por meio do levantamento de campo e tratamento dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos, analisando a base social deste agrupamento que aqui denominamos de Mobilizadores Precários, exprimindo estratégias de transformação socioespacial, além de tematizarmos os seus respectivos limites e perspectivas. / The present work analyzes the social base and the action of a homeless movement, the Movimento de Luta nos Bairros, Vilas e Favelas (MLB), in its core of occupation and core that became residential groups, located in the cities of Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes. Through the systematic monitoring of the actions of the movement with the State and especially families, we intend to rekindle the debate in the Human Sciences around social classes, analyzing, above all, the social aspect of families, in a period of profound changes in the field of work , With the emergence of the Post-Fordist age, where the city becomes the privileged locus of production and reproduction of the labor force, supported by the local public power in line with the rentier, speculative and landowner capital. The internal (in recent years) of the increase in consumption and income has provoked a discussion about the rise of a "new middle class", at the same time that several critics are woven around the rise of this class when Considering the economic aspect, or even when classifying it, using the unique substrate of the position in the productive system. Faced with this debate and the changes brought about in the field of work and economics, we highlight the possibility of knowing these "new" precarious collective subjects, analyzing not only the objective aspect (income, schooling, occupation), but also at confluence to other mechanisms of analysis: the way of life, the form of socialization that distinguishes the class, the mechanisms of the use of space by individuals and the subjective dimension (emotion, ideas, beliefs, passions). In this range of criteria and the mechanisms of action of the MLB in the intermediation with the State, it is fundamental to imagine in a class action of the movement together with the families in an urban space each day more unequal. For this purpose, this work traced the profile of the families and the movement that "organize" them, by means of the field survey and the treatment of quantitative and qualitative data, analyzing the social base of this grouping that we call here the Precarious Mobilizers, expressing strategies of socio-spatial transformation, in addition to thematizing their respective limits and perspectives.

A formação de biofilmes em superfícies que entram em contato com alimentos pode resultar em contaminação em qualquer parte do processo produtivo, podendo assim, ser causa de doenças transmitidas por alimentos. A formação de biofilmes por Staphylococcus ssp. é uma das grandes preocupações na indústria de lácteos, e também na área da medicina veterinária. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de formação de biofilmes de Staphylococcus spp. isolados de laticínios produtores de queijo Minas Frescal e de leite de vacas com mastite subclínica. O estudo foi realizado em 3 fases, sendo a primeira uma caracterização fenotípica de 150 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. pelo teste do Ágar Vermelho Congo (AVC). Na segunda fase, foi realizada uma caracterização genotípica dos isolados de Staphylococcus spp., pesquisando os genes icaA, icaD, bap, bbp, cna, ebpS, eno, fib, fnbA, fnbB, clfA e clfB. Na terceira fase foram selecionadas 10 cepas com diferentes perfis genotípicos e três cepas padrão de Staphylococcus spp., para avaliação da capacidade de formação de biofilmes. Foi avaliada a capacidade de formação de biofilmes das 13 cepas em três tempos (12h, 48h e 96h), duas temperaturas (5°C e 25°C) e duas superfícies de contato (aço inoxidável 304 e polipropileno) tendo como primeira variável resposta a densidade óptica a 600 nm obtida utilizando metodologia do cristal violeta e a segunda variável resposta foi a contagem microbiológica de células viáveis (log10UFC cm-2) aderidas nas superfícies testadas. Foi utilizado um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC) com fatorial de 13x3x2x2. No AVC 38,7% (n=58) dos 150 isolados foram positivos para formação de biofilme. Observou-se que 93,3% (n=140) dos 150 isolados possuíam o gene clfA, 87,3% (n=131) o eno, 62,7% (n=94) o ebpS, 54,7% (n=82) o fib, 54% (n=81) o fnbA, 53,3% (n=80) o icaD, 47,3% (n=71) os genes icaA e clfB, 43,3% (n=65) o fnbB, 17,3% (n=26) o bap, 8% (n=8) o cna e 4% (n=40) o gene bbp. Pelo Teste de Friedman (&alpha;=0,05) os fatores cepa, temperatura e superfície foram significativos (p<0,0001) para as duas variáveis resposta na formação de biofilmes, enquanto que, entre os tempos de avaliação não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05). A maior produção de biofilme (avaliada por densidade óptica) foi observada a 25°C no aço inoxidável, sendo que as cepas S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 e S. aureus 119 foram as cepas que apresentaram maior formação de biofilme. Nas superfícies testadas foram observadas contagens microbiológicas na faixa entre 6,5 e 7,6 log10UFC cm-2 que sugerem formação de biofilme. Foram selecionadas 6 cepas para realizar a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), as quais confirmaram a formação de biofilme em aço inoxidável e polipropileno em 5°C e 25°C sendo avaliadas á 12 e 96 horas. / The biofilm formation on surfaces, which are contact with food, can result in contamination in any part of the food processing, causing foodborne illness. The biofilm formation by Staphylococcus ssp. is one of the main concern in the dairy industry, and in the veterinary medicine field. This research aimed to evaluate the biofilm formation capacity of Staphylococcus spp., isolated from dairy producers of \"Minas Frescal\" cheese and cows with subclinical mastitis. The study was conducted in three stages, being the first a phenotypic characterization of 150 Staphylococcus spp. strains using the Congo Red Agar (AVC) test. In the second stage, the genotypic characterization with the screening of the gens icaA, icaD, bap, bbp, cna, ebpS, eno, fib, fnbA, fnbB, cIfA and clfB was performed. In the third stage, 10 strains with different genotypic profiles and 3 standard strains of Staphylococcus spp. were selected to evaluate the biofilm formation capacity. The biofilm formation capacity of 13 strains at three times (12h, 48h and 96h), two temperatures (5 °C and 25 °C) and two contact surfaces (stainless steel 304 and polypropylene) was evaluated. As a result, the optical density at 600 nm obtained by the methodology of crystal violet and the microbiological count of viable cells (log10UFC cm-2) (adhered to the tested surfaces) was analyzed. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial 13x3x2x2. In AVC agar, 38.7% (n = 58) of the 150 isolates were positive for biofilm formation. The 93.3% (n = 140) of the 150 isolates had the cIfA gene, 87.3% (n = 131) the eno, 62.7% (n = 94) the ebpS, 54.7% ( n = 82) fib, 54% (n = 81) the fnbA, 53.3% (n = 80) the icaD, 47.3% (n = 71) icaA and clfB gens, 43.3% (n = 65) the fnbB, 17.3% (n = 26) bap, 8% (n = 8) the cna and 4% (n = 40) bbp gene. The factors strain, temperature and surface were significant (Friedman test p <0.0001) for both response variables in the formation of biofilms, while, time did not have significant difference (p> 0.05). The increased production of biofilm (assessed by optical density) was observed at 25 °C in stainless steel surfaces. The strains S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 and S. aureus 119 were the strains that showed the highest production of biofilm. In the tested surfaces, microbiological counts were observed in the range between 6.5 and 7.6 log10CFU m-2 suggesting biofilm formation. The formation of biofilms in 6 evaluated strains has been confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on stainless steel and polypropylene on 5°C and 25°C with 12 and 96 h of incubation.

Decades of archaeological research have established the chronology of the history of culture by farmers in northern South Africa from the beginning of the first millennium AD to the recent past (1900). This thesis sought to explore the archaeology and archaeometallurgy of the early inhabitants of the Lowveld region. Rigorous methodological and theoretical approaches, which include Ethno-Historical, archaeological and archaeometallurgical studies, were employed to acquire the relevant information required to address research problems. Ceramic typology and settlement pattern studies were used to establish the culture-history to contextualise Iron Age sites, while Optical Microscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the metallurgical remains to understand metal production technology. Both Mutoti and Thomo sites share several similarities, namely, they are situated near the perennial streams, the presence of metal-production sites and the predominant pottery types, consisting of short and long neck vessels dominated by comb stamping, incision and punctate decorations on the rim, neck and shoulder of the vessels. Ceramic tradition analysis revealed that both Mut 2 and Thomo combine ceramic designs and attributes that appeared in the region near the beginning of the first Millennium AD, that is the Urewe and the Kalundu traditions. Garonga Phase tradition developed from the Urewe tradition which represent the first facie, represented by the Silver Leaves sites of the Kwale branch ceramic tradition which dates to AD 280- 420 and the Kalundu tradition (which starts from Happy Rest and progresses to Diamant - Phase 2) which dates from the sixth century AD, both traditions share distinctive ceramics styles and decoration attributes (Burrett, 2007; Huffman, 2007). The radiocarbon-based chronology suggests that Mut 2 and Thomo sites were occupied contemporaneously and dated to AD 650-850. Analysis of the distribution of materials objects across Mut 2 site revealed active participation in both local and international trade network (Soapstone and Islamic ceramics) operated at a village status. Some of the craft production related evidence include metal production, eggshell beads and cloth manufacturing. Metal production was regarded as signature of power and authority in Iron Age period (Herbert, 1996). More research may strengthen this observation.

This work deals with bioceramic materials based of hydroxyapatite, bioglass and their composites. These materials are commonly used in medicine, especially as hard tissue substituents. They can be prepared by different types of syntheses, from which the most common were picked for this work – precipitation of hydroxyapatite and sol-gel method for bioglass. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were used for characterization of prepared powders. This thesis studies mostly their features within the composite materials, which were foamed for better bone stimulation. Properties and possibility in bio application of materials is firstly studied through their interaction in simulated body fluids, which mimics ionic concentration of human plasma. Experimental part covers synthesis of ceramic powders, their characterization, preparation of mixtures and scaffolds foamed through in situ foaming, their sintering at ideal temperatures, characterization of porosity and phase changes due to sintering. Basic tests of apatite formation ability were provided by incubation of prepared scaffolds in simulated body fluid for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days and their assay in scanning electron microscopy. Changes in concentration of Ca2+ a PO4 3- ions as well as in weight of the specimen were tracked within the incubation period.

The diploma thesis deals with the combined use of SEM and SPM techniques using optical fiber, which is used to collect the cathodoluminescent signal in close proximity to the sample. The thesis also includes a research section, which lists description of CPEM technique, the techniques used to modify the optical fiber, theoretical introduction to cathodoluminescence and techniques used to measure it. The practical part discusses the obtained measurement results and the problems that occurred in the process of modification of the optical fiber, its use as an SPM probe and in the measurement of cathodoluminescence active materials.

This master thesis deals with conventional methods of bacterial cell analysis, polyhydroxyalkanoates, Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy in the theoretical part. The production of polyhydroxybutyrate by selected thermophilic bacteria and their analysis by gas chromatography, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy is described in the experimental part. The chosen sample was analyzed by a transmission electron microscope. Comparing the results from previous mentioned methods it was found that the bacteria Schlegelella thermodepolymerans accumulated the highest amount of PHB. The lowest amount of PHB was obtained by bacteria Rubrobacter xylanophilus. The assumption that the PHB granules formed so-called needle-like plastic deformations during freeze-fracturing was affirmed by cryo-SEM photos analysis. Moreover, it was found that the bacterial cell characterization deduced from microscopic observation of samples corresponded to the description in the literature. TEM provided better resolution photos and in consequence the cells and PHB are more visible. The thesis is also focused on chemical fingerprint analysis of cells by Raman spectroscopy. Several biomolecules were identified by measured Raman spectra for the particular samples.

Emission of carbon dioxide gas has been a source of major concern for the construction industry. To curb this emission, geopolymer concrete has been deemed as a potential alternative in the recent studies. Previous research also indicates that silica and fibers provide strength benefits to ordinary Portland cement concrete OPC. This study was undertaken to recognize the benefits of adding silica and basalt fibers in Class F fly ash based geopolymer concrete and comparing it with OPC concrete. One OPC and four Geopolymer mixtures were prepared. The results show a tremendous potential of using geopolymer concrete in place of OPC concrete with Nano silica proving to be the most advantageous. Nano silica provided 28% increase in compressive strength, 8% increase in resistivity when compared with normal Fly ash based geopolymer concrete. The SEM analysis of geopolymer concrete indicates that nano silica improved the compactness of concrete providing a dense microstructure.

Blood vessels mimics (BVMs) are tissue-engineered blood vessels used to test vascular devices in an environment that mimics some simple anatomical factors of native blood vessels. It is important to accurately and consistently assess tissue-engineered blood vessels, although there is currently a lack of standardization in Cal Poly’s Tissue Engineering Lab and in the entirety of the field. The goal of this thesis was to develop and optimize imaging and image quantification techniques for tissue-engineered blood vessels. The first aim of this thesis optimized and compared imaging and assessment techniques for electrospun scaffolds. Images from different SEMs were compared to determine the benefits and drawbacks of each microscope. Several materials were also imaged using these microscopes to characterize polymers at the microscopic scale and to compare the quality of images from different SEMs. The second aim of this thesis validated and implemented a MATLAB-based automatic fiber diameter measurement tool. Fiber measurements were obtained from a manual ImageJ method, a semi-automatic DiameterJ method, and a new automatic MATLAB method and compared to evaluate accuracy and user variability of the MATLAB tool. The results of this aim validated the accuracy of the MATLAB tool and showed that it resulted in lower user variability as compared to other fiber diameter measurement methods. The third aim of this thesis developed imaging techniques for novel silicone BVMs at each stage of development. Evaluation techniques to quantify cell adhesion and coverage on silicone BVMs using SEM, widefield fluorescent imaging, and immunochemistry were developed. After refining those methods, they were applied and adapted to silicone BVMs with deployed devices. BBI, H&E, and PECAM-1 staining were all found to be effective assessment methods for silicone BVMs. Overall, the work described in this thesis increased the consistency, standardization, and accuracy of scaffold and BVM assessment in Cal Poly’s Tissue Engineering Lab.

This work is studying the layers of cerium oxide (doped with platinum) prepa- red by magnetron sputtering on different types of substrates. Attention is focused mainly on modes of growth and morfology of (Pt−)CeO2 layers. The study was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specimens (lamellas) were created by using focused ion beam (FIB) with respect to transparency for electron beam and material contrast. The emphasis was on elimination of redeposition and minimize the amorphous layer of lamella. Representation of elements was determined by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and electron-energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). 1