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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Eicosanoid-mediated repellent signaling in the nerve growth cone : a role for the PKC substrate MARCKS /

Gatlin, Jesse C., January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. in Cell and Developmental Biology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-141). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
32

Elucidation of Membrane Protein Interactions Under Native and Ligand Stimulated Conditions Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Christie, Shaun Michael 25 August 2020 (has links)
No description available.
33

Neuron-Derived Semaphorin 3A is an Early Inducer of Vascular Permeability in Diabetic Retinopathy

Cerani, Agustin 12 1900 (has links)
La détérioration de la barrière hémato rétinienne et l'oedème maculaire consécutif est une manifestation cardinale de la rétinopathie diabétique (RD) et la caractéristique clinique la plus étroitement associée à la perte de la vue. Alors que l'oedème maculaire affecte plus de 25% des patients souffrant de diabète, les modalités de traitement actuellement disponibles tels que les corticostéroïdes administrés localement et les thérapies anti-VEGF récemment approuvés présentent plusieurs inconvénients. Bien que le lien entre une rupture de l’unité neuro-vasculaire et la pathogénèse de la RD ait récemment été établi, l’influence de la signalisation neuro-vasculaire sur la vasculopathie oculaire diabetique a jusqu’à présent reçu peu d’attention. Ici, à l’aide d’ètudes humaines et animales, nous fournissons la première preuve du rôle essentiel de la molécule de guidage neuronale classique Sémaphorine 3A dans l’instigation de la perméabilité vasculaire maculaire pathologique dans le diabète de type 1. L’étude de la dynamique d’expression de Sémaphorine 3A révèle que cette dernière est induite dans les phases précoces hyperglycèmiques du diabète dans la rétine neuronale et participe à la rupture initiale de la fonction de barrière endothéliale. En utilisant le modèle de souris streptozotocine pour simuler la rétinopathie diabétique humaine, nous avons démontré par une série d’approches analogue que la neutralisation de Sémaphorine 3A empêche de façon efficace une fuite vasculaire rétinienne. Nos résultats identifient une nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour l’oedème maculaire diabétique en plus de fournir d’autres preuves de communication neuro-vasculaire dans la pathogènese de la RD. / The deterioration of the blood retinal barrier and consequent macular edema is a cardinal manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the clinical feature most closely associated with loss of sight. While macular edema affects over 25% of patients suffering from diabetes, currently available treatment modalities such as locally administered corticosteroids and recently approved anti-VEGF therapies, present several drawbacks. Although recent insight on the pathogenesis of DR points to a breakdown in the neurovascular unit, neurovascular cross-talk and its influence on diabetic ocular vasculopathy has thus far received limited attention. Here we provide the first evidence from both human and animal studies for the critical role of the classical neuronal guidance cue Semaphorin3A in instigating pathological macular vascular permeability in type I diabetes. Investigation of the dynamics of expression reveal that Semaphorin3A is induced in the early hyperglycemic phases of diabetes within the neuronal retina and precipitates initial breakdown of endothelial barrier function. Using the streptozotocin mouse model as a proxy for human diabetic retinopathy, we demonstrate by a series of orthogonal approaches (gene silencing or treatment with soluble Neuropilin-1 employed as a Semaphorin3A trap), that neutralization of Semaphorin3A efficiently prevents retinal vascular leakage. Our findings identify a new therapeutic target for DME and provide further evidence for neurovascular cross-talk in pathogenesis of DR.
34

Les récepteurs des Sémaphorines de classe 3 : spécificité d'assemblage et de fonction / Deciphering Cell surface assembly and function of Class 3 semaphorin receptors

Jourdan, Carole 29 November 2013 (has links)
Les Sémaphorines de classe 3 modulent de nombreux comportement neuritiques lors de la formation du système nerveux central. Leur liaison sur des complexes récepteurs composés de la sous unité obligatoire de liaison au ligand, les Neuropilines1,2 (Nrp1,2) et de la sous unité de signalisation, les PléxinesA1-4, permet d'assurer la spécificité fonctionnelle. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant la formation de ces complexes récepteurs ne sont pas connus. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai étudié l'assemblage des complexes récepteurs des Sémaphorines de classe 3 par une approche FRET. J'ai pu montrer que Nrp1,2 forment des homo et hétéro-oligomères à la membrane plasmique. Nrp1 peut former des hétero-oligomères avec les PléxinesA1,2 et 4 mais apparemment pas avec PléxineA3. La délétion du domaine Séma de PléxineA3 (PléxinesA3∆sem) suffit pour induire la formation d'hétéro-complexes Nrp1-PléxinesA3∆sem. Ces résultats suggèrent que le domaine Séma de PléxineA3 adopte une conformation différente des autres PléxinesA et empêche l'interaction entre PléxineA3 et Nrp1. De plus, toutes les PléxinesA peuvent former des homo-oligomères de manière indépendante du domaine Séma. Ces résultats suggèrent que les récepteurs des Sémaphorines de classe 3 pourraient former des complexes oligomériques plus important, composés d'homo-dimères de Nrps et de PléxinesA. Dans la deuxième partie de ma thèse, j'ai étudié la spécificité de signalisation des PléxinesA dans les interneurones GABAergiques du cervelet. Au laboratoire, nous avons montré que Séma3A induit la formation de branches des interneurones GABAergiques du cervelet par l'intermédiaire de Fyn. Mais l'identité des complexes récepteurs Séma3A impliquée dans ce processus n'était pas connue. Nous avons montré que les interneurones GABAergiques expriment PléxineA1,A2 A3 mais pas A4. Alors que les PléxinesA1,2 et 3 interagissent avec la protéine Fyn, seule l'activation des voies de signalisation de PléxineA1 et A2 induit la formation de branches in vitro. De manière intéressante, Fyn interagit avec les PléxinesA1 et A2 via son domaine SH3 alors qu'elle utilise son domaine SH2 pour l'interaction avec PléxineA3, suggérant l'importance du mode d'interaction de Fyn avec les PléxinesA pour sa fonction. Enfin nous avons pu montrer que PléxineA1 est la seule Pléxine in vivo capable d'induire un défaut de formation de branches des interneurones GABAergiques du cervelet. / Secreted class 3 Semaphorin (Sema3) modulates a wide variety of axon behavior during central nervous system formation. Sema3 family functions are triggered through binding to specific receptor complexes that include the obligate binding subunit Neuropilins-1 and 2 (Nrp1-2) and the signalling subunit plexin-A1-4. Yet, the exact mechanism controlling Sema3 receptor complex formation is not known. Here, we investigate Sema3 cell surface receptor formation using a time resolved FRET approach. We showed that Nrp-1 and 2 formed homo and hetero-oligomers at the cell surface of leaving cells. Nrp-1 can form hetero-oligomers with PlexinA1, A2 and A4 but not with PlexinA3. Deletion of the Plexin-Sema domain of PlexinA3 (PlexinA3∆sem) induced the formation of Nrp1 and PexinA3∆sem hetero-complexes. These results showed that PlexinA3-sema domain adopts a different conformation from the other PlexinAs and inhibited the interaction with Nrp1. Furthermore, PlexinAs can form homo-oligomers independently of the Plexin-Sema domain. These results further suggest that Sema3 receptors could form higher oligomeric complex that include homodimers of both neuropilins and PlexinAs. Understanding the basic principles of Sema3 receptor assembly will be pivotal to decipher how ligand binding translates into specific pathways of cellular signaling. In the second part of my thesis we investigated PlexinA specific signaling in cerebellar GABAergic interneurons. Sema3A induced GABAergic axonal branching in cerebellar cortex in a Fyn dependent manner (Cioni et al.,2013). However the identity of Sema3A receptor complexes involved in this process needed further investigation. We showed that PlexinA1, A2 and A3, but not PlexinA4, are expressed in GABAergic interneurons. While PlexinA1-3 are associated with FYN, only PlexinA1 and A2 induced axon branching. Interestingly, Fyn interaction with PlexinA1 and A2 is mediated via the SH3 domain while the interaction with PlexinA3 is through the SH2 domain, suggesting that the binding mode of Fyn to PlexinA is important. These results were further supported by in vivo characterization of PlexinA1-4 deficient mice that showed GABAergic axon branch deficit only in PlexinA1 mutant.
35

Geração de \"Etiquetas de sequências expressas\" dirigidas para porções codificadoras dos genes (Orestes): identificação de novos genes humanos expressos em câncer de mama / Generation of \"Expressed sequence labels\" directed to coding portions of genes (Ores): identification of new human genes expressed in breast cancer

Corrêa, Ricardo Garcia 16 February 2001 (has links)
Etiquetas de sequências expressas (ESTs) são fundamentais para a identificação de genes no genoma humano e para definir características de expressão gênica. Neste trabalho, descrevemos uma nova abordagem para a geração de bibliotecas de cDNA, utilizando iniciadores arbitrários para a produção, por PCR, de mini-bibliotecas a partir de mRNA derivado de câncer de mama. Clones destas bibliotecas foram sequenciadas para gerar 6029 ESTs. Utilizando esta abordagem, foi possível observar uma significante normalização das diferentes sub-populações de mRNA e amplificação preferencial de porções centrais dos genes. Análise bioinformática destas sequências mostra que 3.350 ESTs (56%) tem similaridade significante a sequências de DNA e/ou cDNA já conhecidas (sequências anotadas) descritas em diferentes organismos, e 1509 ESTs (25%) não possuem qualquer similaridade a diferentes bancos de dados. Dentre as sequências anotadas, identificamos algumas sequências com alta similaridade a genes conhecidos em diferentes organismos, indicando a descoberta de alguns genes homólogos possivelmente envolvidos com processos carcinogênicos. Como exemplo, isolamos e caracterizamos parcialmente (i) uma nova isoforma do gene NABC1 (novel amplified sequence in breast carcinoma 1), o qual é pouco expresso em tumores coloretais, (ii) um novo gene da família de semaforinas (moléculas de motilidade axonal) que apresenta uma baixa expressão em linhagens celulares de glioblastoma tratadas com ácido retinóico, um agente antitumoral e (iii) o gene ortólogo humano Notch 2, aparentemente superexpresso em tumores mamários com maior malignidade. / Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are of fundamental importance for the identification of genes within the human genome and defining gene expression characteristics. In this work, we describe a new approach for generating cDNA libraries using essentially arbitrary primers to construct PCR-based minilibraries from breast tumor mRNA. Clones from these libraries were sequenced to generate 6,029 ESTs. Using this approach, we were able to observe a significant normalization of the different mRNA subpopulations and a preferential amplification of the central portions of the genes. Bioinformatic analysis of these sequences shows that 3,350 ESTs (56%) have significant similarity to known DNA and/or cDNA sequences (annotated sequences) from different organisms and 1,509 ESTs (25%) show no similarity to any sequences on different databases. From the annotated sequences, we have identified some sequences with high similarity to known genes from different organisms, indicating the discovery of some homologous genes possibly correlated with carcinogenic processes. For instance, we have isolated and partially characterized (i) a new NABC1 (novel amplified sequence in breast carcinoma 1) isoform which is downregulated in colorectal tumors, (ii) a novel semaphorin member of axon guidance molecules that is down-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines treated with all-trans-retinoic acid, an anti-tumor agent and (iii) the ortolog Notch 2 human gene, apparenty overexpressed in breast tumors with higher malignancy.
36

Implication de la VE-cadhérine dans la plasticité endothéliale des tumeurs / Role of VE-cadherin in tumor endothelial plasticity

Le Guelte, Armelle 16 October 2012 (has links)
La barrière hémato-encéphalique (BHE) régule le transport des molécules et des cellules du compartiment sanguin vers le système nerveux central. Pour assurer cette fonction, l’endothélium microvasculaire cérébral bénéficie d’un système particulier d’enzymes, de pompes d’efflux et de jonctions cellulaires spécialisées, qui ensemble contrôlent scrupuleusement le passage des molécules plasmatiques et des cellules circulantes. La VE-cadhérine est une molécule d’adhérence qui occupe une position unique dans l’organisation des jonctions endothéliales et le maintien de l’intégrité vasculaire. Cependant, même si le rôle de la VE-cadhérine est décrit comme fondamental au cours du développement du réseau vasculaire, sa participation dans l’intégrité de la BHE nécessite d’être explorée plus en détail. Le glioblastome, la tumeur cérébrale la plus agressive et la plus létale, est associée à une vascularisation hautement perméable. En outre, ces tumeurs renferment une sous-population de cellules souches gliomateuses (CSG) dérivant d’une fraction de cellules transformées à caractère souche, qui joueraient un rôle dans l’initiation et la progression tumorales, ainsi que dans la résistance aux thérapies conventionnelles. Plus particulièrement, ces cellules ont été retrouvées in situ en interaction directe avec les cellules endothéliales cérébrales. Néanmoins, l’implication des CSG dans la plasticité des cellules endothéliales cérébrales, et notamment la perméabilité vasculaire, n’a pas été étudiée. Au sein de notre équipe, nous avons démontré que les CSG sécrètent la Sémaphorine 3A (S3A), une molécule de répulsion caractérisée par une activité antiangiogénique et pro-perméabilité. La S3A induit une augmentation de la phosphorylation et de l’internalisation de la VE-cadhérine, conduisant à une perte de la fonction de barrière des cellules endothéliales cérébrales. Au niveau moléculaire, nous avons montré que Src, une tyrosine kinase, et Set, un inhibiteur naturel de PP2A, coopèrent pour inhiber l’activité phosphatase de PP2A en réponse à la S3A. Plus particulièrement, PP2A interagit avec la VE-cadhérine bloquant sa phosphorylation, son internalisation et l’ouverture de la barrière endothéliale. PP2A confère ainsi une stabilité à la VE-cadhérine, qui serait perturbée par la S3A produite localement par les CSG. Ce mécanisme pourrait jouer un rôle clé dans les défauts des vaisseaux irriguant les glioblastomes, et d’une manière générale dans la perméabilité vasculaire tumorale. L’ensemble de ces résultats nous permet de mieux caractériser les mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu au cours de l’angiogenèse tumorale et d’envisager à long terme des molécules à visée thérapeutique, en ciblant par exemple la voie de signalisation activée par la S3A / The blood brain barrier (BBB) regulates the transport of molecules and cells from blood into the central nervous system. This implies that the cerebral microvascular endothelium has developed a particular system of enzymes, efflux pumps and specialized cell junctions, which together carefully control the passage of plasma molecules and circulating cells. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an adhesion molecule that occupies a unique position in the organization of endothelial junctions and the maintenance of vascular integrity. In particular, phosphorylation and internalization of VE-cadherin destabilizes cell-cell contacts and increases permeability. However, though VE-cadherin is fundamental in the development of the vascular network, its participation in the integrity of the BBB needs to be further explored. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and the most lethal brain tumor, which is characterized by a highly leaky vasculature. Furthermore, these tumors contain a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSC), which derive from a fraction of transformed stem cells. GSCs play a role in the tumor initiation, progression and resistance to conventional therapies. Notably, these cells were found in direct interaction with cerebral endothelial cells in situ. However, the involvement of GSCs in the plasticity of cerebral endothelial cells, including vascular permeability, has not been studied. Our team has demonstrated that GSCs secrete semaphorin 3A (S3A), a repulsive molecule characterized by anti-angiogenic and pro-permeability activity. S3A increased phosphorylation and internalization of VE-cadherin in cerebral endothelial cells, leading to a loss of barrier integrity. At the molecular level, Src, a tyrosine kinase, and Set, a natural inhibitor of PP2A, cooperate to inhibit the phosphatase activity of PP2A, in response to S3A. Specifically, we demonstrated that PP2A interacts with VE-cadherin at the basal level. This interaction blocks VE-cadherin phosphorylation and internalization and thereby prevents opening of the endothelial barrier. Thus, PP2A stabilizes VE-cadherin, and we further showed that this complex could be disrupted by S3A produced by GSCs. This mechanism could play a key role in the dysfunctions of the vessels supplying glioblastoma, and in tumor vascular permeability in general
37

Neuron-Derived Semaphorin 3A is an Early Inducer of Vascular Permeability in Diabetic Retinopathy

Cerani, Agustin 12 1900 (has links)
La détérioration de la barrière hémato rétinienne et l'oedème maculaire consécutif est une manifestation cardinale de la rétinopathie diabétique (RD) et la caractéristique clinique la plus étroitement associée à la perte de la vue. Alors que l'oedème maculaire affecte plus de 25% des patients souffrant de diabète, les modalités de traitement actuellement disponibles tels que les corticostéroïdes administrés localement et les thérapies anti-VEGF récemment approuvés présentent plusieurs inconvénients. Bien que le lien entre une rupture de l’unité neuro-vasculaire et la pathogénèse de la RD ait récemment été établi, l’influence de la signalisation neuro-vasculaire sur la vasculopathie oculaire diabetique a jusqu’à présent reçu peu d’attention. Ici, à l’aide d’ètudes humaines et animales, nous fournissons la première preuve du rôle essentiel de la molécule de guidage neuronale classique Sémaphorine 3A dans l’instigation de la perméabilité vasculaire maculaire pathologique dans le diabète de type 1. L’étude de la dynamique d’expression de Sémaphorine 3A révèle que cette dernière est induite dans les phases précoces hyperglycèmiques du diabète dans la rétine neuronale et participe à la rupture initiale de la fonction de barrière endothéliale. En utilisant le modèle de souris streptozotocine pour simuler la rétinopathie diabétique humaine, nous avons démontré par une série d’approches analogue que la neutralisation de Sémaphorine 3A empêche de façon efficace une fuite vasculaire rétinienne. Nos résultats identifient une nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour l’oedème maculaire diabétique en plus de fournir d’autres preuves de communication neuro-vasculaire dans la pathogènese de la RD. / The deterioration of the blood retinal barrier and consequent macular edema is a cardinal manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the clinical feature most closely associated with loss of sight. While macular edema affects over 25% of patients suffering from diabetes, currently available treatment modalities such as locally administered corticosteroids and recently approved anti-VEGF therapies, present several drawbacks. Although recent insight on the pathogenesis of DR points to a breakdown in the neurovascular unit, neurovascular cross-talk and its influence on diabetic ocular vasculopathy has thus far received limited attention. Here we provide the first evidence from both human and animal studies for the critical role of the classical neuronal guidance cue Semaphorin3A in instigating pathological macular vascular permeability in type I diabetes. Investigation of the dynamics of expression reveal that Semaphorin3A is induced in the early hyperglycemic phases of diabetes within the neuronal retina and precipitates initial breakdown of endothelial barrier function. Using the streptozotocin mouse model as a proxy for human diabetic retinopathy, we demonstrate by a series of orthogonal approaches (gene silencing or treatment with soluble Neuropilin-1 employed as a Semaphorin3A trap), that neutralization of Semaphorin3A efficiently prevents retinal vascular leakage. Our findings identify a new therapeutic target for DME and provide further evidence for neurovascular cross-talk in pathogenesis of DR.
38

Geração de \"Etiquetas de sequências expressas\" dirigidas para porções codificadoras dos genes (Orestes): identificação de novos genes humanos expressos em câncer de mama / Generation of \"Expressed sequence labels\" directed to coding portions of genes (Ores): identification of new human genes expressed in breast cancer

Ricardo Garcia Corrêa 16 February 2001 (has links)
Etiquetas de sequências expressas (ESTs) são fundamentais para a identificação de genes no genoma humano e para definir características de expressão gênica. Neste trabalho, descrevemos uma nova abordagem para a geração de bibliotecas de cDNA, utilizando iniciadores arbitrários para a produção, por PCR, de mini-bibliotecas a partir de mRNA derivado de câncer de mama. Clones destas bibliotecas foram sequenciadas para gerar 6029 ESTs. Utilizando esta abordagem, foi possível observar uma significante normalização das diferentes sub-populações de mRNA e amplificação preferencial de porções centrais dos genes. Análise bioinformática destas sequências mostra que 3.350 ESTs (56%) tem similaridade significante a sequências de DNA e/ou cDNA já conhecidas (sequências anotadas) descritas em diferentes organismos, e 1509 ESTs (25%) não possuem qualquer similaridade a diferentes bancos de dados. Dentre as sequências anotadas, identificamos algumas sequências com alta similaridade a genes conhecidos em diferentes organismos, indicando a descoberta de alguns genes homólogos possivelmente envolvidos com processos carcinogênicos. Como exemplo, isolamos e caracterizamos parcialmente (i) uma nova isoforma do gene NABC1 (novel amplified sequence in breast carcinoma 1), o qual é pouco expresso em tumores coloretais, (ii) um novo gene da família de semaforinas (moléculas de motilidade axonal) que apresenta uma baixa expressão em linhagens celulares de glioblastoma tratadas com ácido retinóico, um agente antitumoral e (iii) o gene ortólogo humano Notch 2, aparentemente superexpresso em tumores mamários com maior malignidade. / Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are of fundamental importance for the identification of genes within the human genome and defining gene expression characteristics. In this work, we describe a new approach for generating cDNA libraries using essentially arbitrary primers to construct PCR-based minilibraries from breast tumor mRNA. Clones from these libraries were sequenced to generate 6,029 ESTs. Using this approach, we were able to observe a significant normalization of the different mRNA subpopulations and a preferential amplification of the central portions of the genes. Bioinformatic analysis of these sequences shows that 3,350 ESTs (56%) have significant similarity to known DNA and/or cDNA sequences (annotated sequences) from different organisms and 1,509 ESTs (25%) show no similarity to any sequences on different databases. From the annotated sequences, we have identified some sequences with high similarity to known genes from different organisms, indicating the discovery of some homologous genes possibly correlated with carcinogenic processes. For instance, we have isolated and partially characterized (i) a new NABC1 (novel amplified sequence in breast carcinoma 1) isoform which is downregulated in colorectal tumors, (ii) a novel semaphorin member of axon guidance molecules that is down-regulated in glioblastoma cell lines treated with all-trans-retinoic acid, an anti-tumor agent and (iii) the ortolog Notch 2 human gene, apparenty overexpressed in breast tumors with higher malignancy.
39

Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Receptors Results in Defasciculation of the Trigeminal Nerve in Xenopus laevis

Thompson, Jeremy 09 May 2013 (has links)
The anatomy of the cranial peripheral nervous system has been studied for over a century, yet surprisingly little is known about how the nerves are guided to their targets. The study of the development of these nerves has important implications for our understanding of craniofacial anomalies and possible treatments for both injury and genetic disorders of nerve development such as Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome. We have discovered that retinoic acid (RA) may play a role in the development of the trigeminal nerve. Inhibition of retinoic acid receptors (RAR) results in trigeminal nerves that become unbundled or defasciculated in the eye region. To further understand how RA is affecting trigeminal development we searched for genes downregulated in response to RAR inhibition by the inhibitor BMS-453 and have identified neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and Semaphorin 4B (Sema4B). We have analyzed the expression patterns of Sema4B and NT-3 by in situ hybridization and have found NT-3 expression in the eye and Sema4B in the embryonic target of the trigeminal nerve, lens of the eye and in the pharyngeal arches. ALCAM has been analyzed via qRT-PCR and its transcription is downregulated just prior to the observed defasciculation phenotype. The pattern of expression of these genes combined with known expression of NT-3 receptors allows us to suggest a model whereby RA signaling regulates Sema4B, ALCAM and NT-3, which support the survival, guidance and fasciculation of the trigeminal nerve. This work has the potential to better understanding of the complex nature of cranial nervous system development.
40

Nouveau rôle de la Sémaphorine 6D et de son récepteur Plexine-A1 dans le ciblage des axones rétiniens / Deciphering a new role for Semaphorin 6D and its receptor Plexin-A1 in retinal axon targeting

Prieur, Delphine 07 December 2018 (has links)
Durant le développement, l’innervation d’une zone précise du cerveau par certaines branches axonales est un mécanisme encore mal compris. Afin d’aborder cette question, je me suis intéressée aux axones rétiniens qui innervent deux cibles principales du système visuel : le corps genouillé latéral dorsal (CGLd) et le colliculus supérieur. J’ai étudié le rôle de la protéine de guidage Sémaphorine 6D et de son récepteur Plexine-A1 dans l’innervation spécifique du CGLd par les axones rétiniens. J’ai ainsi découvert que chez les souris Sema6D-/- et Plexine-A1-/-, le tractus optique (formé par les axones rétiniens) entre dans le CGLd au lieu de le contourner et certains axones rétiniens innervent des régions ectopiques de l’autre côté du tractus optique. De plus, l’analyse des souris simple ou double hétérozygotes indique que ces deux protéines interagissent avec un mécanisme dose-dépendant. Grâce à des expériences de perte et de gain de fonction par électroporation rétinienne in utero, j’ai pu montrer la nécessité de Sema6D et de Plexine-A1 dans la rétine pour l’innervation des axones rétiniens et ce via des effets non cellulaire autonomes. Ces résultats révèlent un mécanisme dose-dépendant dans lequel Sema6D et PlexineA1 interagissent et assurent une communication axone-axone permettant l’innervation précise du CGLd par une sous-population d’axones rétiniens. / During development, axons branch at precise points to innervate a specific brain target, yet the mechanisms at hand are still unclear. To address this question, I used retinal axons forming the optic tract that innervate two principal targets of the visual system: the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the superior colliculus. I investigated the role of the guidance receptor Plexin-A1and its ligand Semaphorin-6D (Sema6D) in this targeting process. Here I highlight a new type of phenotype in Plexin-A1-/- or Sema6D-/- mice. In these mice, the optic tract enters in the dLGN instead of circumscribing it and some retinal axons innervate ectopic regions at the other side of the optic tract. Furthermore, the analysis of simple or double heterozygotes mice reveals that Plexin-A1 and Sema6D interact together with a dose-dependent effect. Using loss and gain of function experiments (via retinal in utero electroporation), I showed that both are necessary in the retina for proper retinal innervation through non-cell autonomous effects. All these results reveal for the first time a dose-dependent mechanism, in which Sema6D and Plexin-A1 interact together. They monitor axon-axon communication to allow the correct innervation of the dLGN by a subpopulation of retinal axons.

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