The global financial environment is constantly and rapidly shifting. This has resulted in changes to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In support of the developments in the global business environment and the swift changes in IFRS, the local financial regulators have had to follow with supporting changes in national regulations. Taking the above factors into consideration, the auditing and accounting professions all over the world face various challenges, and South Africa (SA) is no exception. Thus, it was imperative for these professions in SA to make the same radical alterations. One of the areas demanding attention was the process of becoming a Chartered Accountant (CA). Inter alia, one focus area was the final examination in the qualifying process. The Chartered Accountant Qualifying Examination Part One (QE Part 1) has been changed from a closed-book assessment to an open-book assessment. This change is relevant because of the importance of the examination itself and the apparent lack of intensive research on students’ perceptions of this type of assessment. In my research I explored the perceptions of taxation students on open-book assessment in the QE Part 1. My study commenced with a focus group (consisting of students that had no previous open-book assessment exposure). I used Interactive qualitative analysis (IQA) as qualitative research method. During this focus group, the students identified ten perceptions (also referred to as affinities) on open-book assessment. For each affinity the focus group provided a descriptive name and an explanatory definition. These affinities were: good preparation, back-up, encourage, general advantages, improve quality of answers, negative symptoms, negative environment, personal experience and hindrance, different approach and time management. This group of students also identified relationships between these different affinities. These relationships were summarized and reflected in a system interrelationship diagram (SID). Findings from this SID indicated that students perceive good preparation as the strongest driver for successful completion of an open-book assessment. The SID indicates three primary outcomes namely negative symptoms, a different approach and time management. The affinities as identified by the focus group were then used during the interviews (conducted with students who had previous open-book assessment exposure). During the IQA interviews, the students were asked to comment on the posed affinities and the possible relationships between them. These findings were summarized and reflected in an interview SID. This SID indicated that these students perceived the primary driver in the system to be a different approach with two primary outcomes - negative environment and improvement in quality of answers. The IQA method is in essence a theory–generating tool that assisted me in my understanding of a group and individual students’ perceptions, before and after exposure to an open-book assessment. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Taxation / unrestricted

Focusing on communication as an important means besides other efforts for conflict resolution in an asymmetric armed conflict in Afghanistan, this study looked for a rhetorical communication approach appropriate to Pashtun tribal setting in South-eastern (Loya Paktya region) Afghanistan. The study explored and found some perceived essentials of such persuasive communication by conducting face-to-face semi-structured in depth interviews with 17 participants. Thematic analysis was used to code and categorize data. Aristotle’s rhetorical theory provided a framework for this qualitative study by narrowing down the focus to exploring credibility of the communicator (ethos), the rationality of the message (logos), and the emotional appeals (pathos), particular for the south-eastern Pashtun tribal setting, during communication. In addition, considering the relation between rhetorical and soft power theories in influencing the choice of an audience, this project also asked participants if and how communication in their tribal setting could be framed as an influencing power by attraction rather than by coercion. Therefore, soft power of which persuasive communication is a crucial part was also used as a theoretical framework for this study. The findings show the significance of persuasive communication in future conflict resolution efforts in Afghanistan.

The work deals with the relationship of the relational model and XML schema document and its technological and pragmatic aspects. It defines the theoretical field of data modeling at conceptual level and the two mentioned possible implementation models at the physical level. The aim is to answer the question when in the design and development of application or system it is appropriate to proceed with one of these models. Furthermore, this work also provides a general procedure for mapping conceptual schema into XML schema structures and solutions to problems that can come across during the mapping process. The problem is solved by analyzing two real issues - timetables of public transportation and the information system of a swimming school, formalized through a mechanism of predicate logic. Unlike most works on a similar topic this one varies in a pragmatic view on the problem - the concept of data, their origin, their target user and structuring.

This thesis deals with the importance of social networks for marketing communications musical bands in the Czech republic. Firstly it deals with basic theoretical knowledge in the field of marketing communications, new media and social networks. Then describe the selected music band - Animé, Holden Caulfield, The Pooh and Republic of Two. Followed by analysis of the individual profiles on social networks selected music bands. Based on interviews do a comparison of views on the use of social networks for marketing communication among musicians and I will also look at the issue of fans through a questionnaire survey. In conclusion I will describe the own proposal how the musical band can promote.

The dissertation deals with the issue of a family entrepreneurship. Family businesses play a key role in GDP production and employment in our country and worldwide, which makes them the backbone of the economy. However, they were overlooked as a topic for studying and research for a long time. Lately a number of authors started to look into them and even in the Czech Republic they were brought to attention. Two distinct systems mix in these businesses, each one oriented towards different goals. Family business's practices are therefore influenced by the meshing of a family system and a business system, which sets them apart from other types of entrepreneurships. This theses is focused on specifics of small family business in the Příbramsko region. A suitable concept for explaining a specific behavior of family businesses seems to be a so called socio-emotional wealth. One of the goals of this thesis is to evaluate the importance of individual components of the socio-emotional wealth with the help of semi- structured interviews. Small family businesses are mostly viewed in a positive way and relationships, trust, a personalized approach, a good reputation, happiness of all personnel involved and quality of products and services provided are vital for them. A big administrative load and acquiring...

<p>The education field is experiencing a shortage of qualified teachers, especially in high-poverty schools. All school districts struggle to find ways to prevent the increasing turnover rates in their schools; however, school districts serving impoverished populations have to deal with the impact of teacher turnover more frequently. This qualitative study focused on the lived experiences of four elementary school teachers with ten or more years of experience in Steele Community Schools, a high-poverty school district. This study focused on factors that have led participants to remain in their teaching positions. Using the framework of Fredrick Herzberg’s two-factor theory, the researcher examined motivation and hygiene factors to determine which factors had the greatest impact in increasing a teacher’s likelihood to remain in the profession; more specifically in high-poverty schools. The results of this study provides an understanding of the factors that impact a teacher’s decision to remain in their position and may serve as a reference for school districts that continue to experience high teacher turnover. Through semi-structured interviews, data were collected from four veteran teachers with ten or more years of experience in their district. This study found that, of Herzberg’s motivation and hygiene factors, coworker relations, salary/benefits, and the work itself had the greatest impact on a teacher’s decision to remain in their teaching position in a high-poverty school. The study also brought to light a element outside of Herzberg’s theory which has had just as great of an impact on teacher retention; the outside community. Based on the findings of this of the qualitative study school district leaders could potentially take a deeper look at factors that have been referenced in this study as having had a positive impact on teachers’ decisions to remain in their positions in a high-poverty school and increase teacher retention.</p>

Thesis (Master of Nursing)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / In the fight against the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), one of the aspects to be taken into consideration is the self-esteem of pregnant women. Professional nurses in maternity settings need to support pregnant women, with a focus on providing balanced care to meet all of the women’s needs and build their self-esteem. Self-esteem reflects one’s subjective emotional evaluation of one’s worth. A decrease in the self-esteem of the individual with HIV/AIDS infections is common and professional nurses should advise patients on the appropriate ways to deal with HIV/AIDS. A supportive environment for HIV/AIDS women could enhance their self-esteem. The researcher overheard HIV/AIDS positive patients in a maternity unit express their feelings of worthlessness and wondered how he could support them to have self-worth. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the role of professional nurses in promoting a healthy self-esteem in hospitalised, pregnant women with HIV/AIDS in a maternity unit in a public hospital in Cape Town. The study was qualitative in nature, departing from assumptions of the theoretical framework of Eric Erikson. An exploratory, descriptive, contextual, qualitative design was followed when the semi-structured interviews were conducted. The accessible population comprised of 15 professional nurses working at the maternity unit. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of 11 professional nurses (participants) working in a maternity unit who met the eligibility criteria. Individual interviews were conducted with eight participants as a starting point until data saturation was reached. After obtaining permission from the necessary authorities, the researcher visited the manager of the unit. Two pilot individual interviews were conducted to determine whether the research questions were understood. The researcher explained the purpose and information on the information sheet and obtained informed consent. Interviews lasted 45 minutes were conducted in a private room and recorded. The researcher used an interview schedule and made field notes while conducting the interviews. Data triangulation of the interviews and field notes ware done. Thematic analysis coding was applied to analyse data. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. The following ethical principles of privacy, the right to withdraw and anonymity were followed. The findings indicated HIV/AIDS-related stigma as the main cause of a poor self-esteem among pregnant women with HIV/AIDS. Participants furthermore felt that there is a need for training and skills development of professional nurses to enable them to understand how to support HIV/AIDS pregnant women and enhance their self-esteem. It was concluded that professional nurses should support pregnant women with HIV/AIDS places a socio-economic burden on societies and has set the world into spending millions on healthcare settings in an attempt to curb the disease.

Mentalisering innebär förmågan att förstå och tänka kring egna och andra människors intentioner och inre mentala tillstånd. Mentaliseringssvikt uppstår när man brister i denna förmåga. Mentaliseringssvikt har visats vara vanligt hos individer diagnostiserade med borderline personlighetsstörning, och då de har liknande symtombild som individer med uppmärksamhetsstörning (ADHD) har det påtalats att mentaliseringssvikt kan vara en betydelsefull faktor även hos denna grupp. I denna studie genomfördes 6 semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med en induktiv tematisk analys med syftet att undersöka erfarenheter av mentalisering hos individer diagnostiserade med ADHD. Frågeställningar var följande: hur beskrivs upplevelser som har med mentalisering att göra, och hur upplevs de påverka ens sociala interaktioner och relationer? 3 teman framgick: 1. Mina interpersonella relationer är både trivsamma och mödosamma, 2. Tankar och känslor påverkar mig intensivt samt 3. Jag utvecklas och har fått större självkännedom från mina konstruktiva men också destruktiva strategier. Resultatet diskuterades i relation till att denna grupp av intervjudeltagare upplevt eller upplever mentaliseringssvikt. Framtida forskning föreslås utforska kopplingar mellan ADHD och mentaliseringssvikt vidare. / Mentalization is the ability to understand and to think about your own and other people’s intentions and internal mental states. Impaired mentalizing occur when there is a lack of this ability. Impaired mentalizing is common among individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, and since they have symptoms similarities with individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) it has been discussed whether impaired mentalizing might be a significant factor among this group of individuals as well. 6 semi-structured interviews were completed in this study and was analysed through an inductive thematic analysis. The purpose of this study was to examine experiences of mentalizing among a group of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. The questions of interest were the following: how do individuals with ADHD describe their experiences that is related to mentalizing, and what are their experiences of mentalization affecting their social interactions and relationships? 3 themes emerged: 1. My interpersonal relationships are both pleasant and strenuous, 2. Thoughts and feelings affect me intensely and also, 3. I develop and have gotten greater self-awareness from my constructive and destructive strategies. The results are discussed in relation to this group of interview participants having experienced or is experiencing impaired mentalizing. Future research is suggested to focus further on linkages between ADHD and impaired mentalization.

The thesis is focused on research for children's understanding of social stratification on primary school. The main topic are children's representations of the structure of society regarding occupations. The aim is the diagnoses of children's understanding reflecting the structure of society. It tries to reveal if children on primary school percieve invisible network of statuses and roles that result from the structure of our society and carry social rules and agreements. The theoretical part defines socialogical terms, deals with topics concerning the structure of society and describes past and current theories of social stratification. It also presents home and foreign research of children's understanding. Considering a little amount of research on this topic, the thesis draws inspiration from another theses focused on the same topic, yet aimed at children on secondary school. The practical part describes the qualitative research of the thesis. The major issue is How and on which basis a child thinks about the structure of society regarding occupations?. Qualitative research using the method of the depth semi-structured interview studies criteria taken into consideration by children thinking about this topic. The results are analysed by the method of process coding and presented by...

Bakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet har hälsofrämjande effekter, trots detta utgår inte den fysiska aktiviteten utifrån personcentrering där patienternas egna behov tas i beaktande. Specialistsjuksköterskor ska dessutom arbeta personcentrerat för att kunna bedriva återhämtningsinriktad omvårdnad. Tidigare forskning visar patienters erfarenheter av fysisk aktivitet inom psykiatrisk vård som tar fasta på patienters möjligheter, utmaningar och betydelsen av fysisk aktivitet. Men det saknas kunskap om erfarenheterna inom rättspsykiatrisk slutenvård där patienterna är ytterligare begränsade. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av fysisk aktivitet inom rättspsykiatrisk slutenvård. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio deltagare som vårdas inom rättspsykiatrisk slutenvård. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Patienters erfarenheter visar fyra olika kategorier av fysisk aktivitet, vilka är att ha innehåll i sin tillvaro, att kunna ta hand om sig själv, att känna en drivkraft och att känna sig begränsad. Dessa kategorier sammanstrålar i ett gemensamt tema, att få en meningsfull vardag. Slutsatser: Hur fysisk aktivitet möjliggör till en meningsfull vardag utgår ifrån varje enskild patient. Huruvida patienter själva får vara styrande utifrån sina egna förutsättningar kommer kunna avspeglas i patientens återhämtning. / Background: Physical activity has health-promoting effects, despite this, the physical activity isn’t based on person-centering where patients' own needs are considered. The specialist nurse must also work person-centered to be able to conduct recovery-oriented nursing. Previous research shows patients 'experiences of physical activity in psychiatric care where the focus aims on the patients' opportunities, challenges and the importance of physical activity. But there’s a lack of knowledge about the experiences in forensic psychiatric care where patients are further limited. Aim: To describe patients' experiences of physical activity in forensic psychiatric care. Method: Semi-structured interviews with ten participants in forensic psychiatric care. To analyze the conducted interviews a qualitative content analysis was used. Results: Patients' experiences show four different categories of physical activity, which are to have content in their existence, to be able to take care of themselves, to feel a driving force and to feel limited. These categories converge in a common theme, to have a meaningful everyday life. Conclusions: How physical activity enables a meaningful everyday life is based on each individual patient. Whether patients themselves can be in control based on their own conditions will be reflected in the patient's recovery.