<p>This study considers the pedagogical significance of mourning and remembrance in the context of the commemorative culture surrounding the “9/11” attacks on America, which have stimulated recent explorations of what it might mean to commit to ethical remembrances of the dead. Critical of “9/11” memorial discourses that provide justifications for heightened “homeland” security and military mobilization in the “War on Terror,” this project not only addresses the educative force of memorial-artistic responses in creating meaning out of mass deaths, but also dissociates the concept of the public memorial as foremost an apparatus of the state, private corporations, and other institutions which seek to use memorials towards amnesiac or ideological objectives. Analyses of the memorial responses addressed in this project unpack how particular modes of remembering “9/11” and its victims are themselves reflections upon the meanings and objectives of collective remembrance. The project first explores the “September 11^th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows” organization and how it negotiates the ways public sentiment is mobilized “in the name of” victims and their families. Through an analysis of Art Spiegelman’s <em>In the Shadow of No Towers</em>,<em> </em>I examine the capacity of graphic narrative to bear witness to traumatic events and speak to their legacies in non-hegemonic ways. Lastly, the project explores how Samira Makhmalbaf’s film <em>God, Construction and Destruction</em> calls for the re-evaluation of strategic memorial practices that risk reducing “9/11” remembrance pedagogies to universalizing modes of remembrance that further subjugate already marginalized communities. Stimulated by such memorial responses that interrogate conventional practices and assumptions of collective remembrance, the project argues that the public remembrance of “9/11” is a crisis of and for education: that is, an important occasion to seek and call for modes of remembrance and sites of pedagogies that foster an openness to the critical and transformative force of historical trauma.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The dissertation deals with immigration policy of the United States toward illegal immigration from Mexico during the presidency of George W. Bush. It aims to answer the question whether the policy had at all changed when compared to the previous administrations, and whether the terrorist attacks from 9/11 had any effect on the issue. The paper also discusses reasons why comprehensive immigration reform has not been accepted yet. In order to answer those questions, the thesis analyzes American perception of immigrants and characterizes interests of pressure groups and political parties in immigration.

Les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 ont provoqué une onde de choc aux États-Unis et dans le monde entier. Pour y faire face, le gouvernement a adopté des mesures exceptionnelles. Notre étude se penche sur la doctrine américaine. John Yoo, Professeur à l’Université de Berkeley, a joué un rôle de premier plan au sein de l’Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) au moment des attentats. Depuis cette période, il ne cesse de revenir sur la manière dont le gouvernement des États-Unis a réagi à la suite des évènements. Partant d’une perspective utilitariste, Éric Posner et Adrian Vermeule proposent quant à eux une théorie de l’exception qui renverse la plupart des opinions traditionnellement admises et défendues. La problématique essentielle qui scande l’ensemble de notre travail est de saisir, de l’intérieur, à partir d’une lecture des ouvrages des trois auteurs, les tensions fondamentales de l’approche retenue par le gouvernement des États-Unis, au regard de la tradition constitutionnelle du pays. / The attacks of September 11, 2001 caused a shock wave both in the United States and the wholeworld. In the aftermath, the government adopted extraordinary measures to address the threat. Our study focuses on contemporary American legal scholars. John Yoo, Professor at Berkeley University, played a significant role within the Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) at the time of the attacks. Since then, he has never stopped addressing how the United States government reacted in the wake of these events. Using a utilitarian perspective, Eric Posner and Adrian Vermeule, for their part, bring forward a state of exception theory which dismisses certain views that are commonly accepted and embraced. The main issue that guides the whole of our work is to try and comprehend – from within and through reading of the three authors’ writings – the fundamental tensions of the approach adopted by the United States government in view of the country’s constitutional tradition.

The World Trade Center attacks on September 11, 2001 fundamentally transformed the context of reception for Muslim immigrants in the U.S., shifting it from neutral to negative while also brightening previously blurred boundaries between established residents and the Muslim minority. This study explores how second-generation Muslim immigrants have experienced and reacted to post-9/11 contexts of reception. It is based on an analysis of ten semi-structured in-depth interviews that were conducted throughout the Portland Metropolitan Area from January to April of 2016. It finds experiences of discrimination to be primarily affected by two factors: public institutions and gender. It also finds, furthermore, that research participants react to negative post-9/11 contexts of reception by redrawing bright boundaries to include themselves within the American mainstream. Because Islam itself has become politicized within post-9/11 contexts of reception, this study also explores how second-generation Muslim immigrants construct and maintain religious meaning as a form of political identity. It finds that research participants unilaterally construct a Localized Islam that is dynamic and variable in its response to familial and social pressures. The thesis concludes by putting forward a typology outlining its four primary forms of localization within contemporary social and political environments.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-110).

Feminist theories of international relations traditionally criticize realism as a representative of masculine values in the international relations. According to the feministic premises, the Czech foreign policy should be highly masculinises in the way of realistic discourse because of very low representation of women in foreign policy processes in the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis is to analyse feminisation and masculinisation of the Czech foreign policy in cases of three events -- the terroristic attacks from September 11, 2001, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. This thesis points out the plurality of masculine and feminine values. From that reason it is not possible to adapt feminist critic of realism to the Czech foreign policy. The masculine values of the Czech foreign policy are determined more by the liberal constructivism.

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Jack Heggie's 2011 song cycle Pieces of 9/11: Memories from Houston is a collection of six songs with texts by Gene Scheer. Commissioned by the Houston Grand Opera, it was premiered on September 11, 2011 at the Rothko Chapel in Houston, TX. Based on interviews with people from Houston by Gene Scheer, this cycle tells stories and experiences by those affected by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, The Pentagon in Washington DC, and those aboard United Flight 93 that crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Scheer's acclaimed storytelling in each song is beautifully set to varying styles of music composed by Heggie, with the familiar theme from Bach's Cello Suite No. 1 in G Major, BWV 1007 woven throughout the cycle. This document is an in-depth look at the cycle to be used by vocal coaches and singers in their preparation and performance. The first introductory chapter is followed by a chapter detailing the song cycle from concept to fruition. The third chapter concentrates on the uses of Bach's Cello Suite No. 1 in G Major, BWV 1007. The fourth chapter discusses the six individual songs first by discussing the background of each text, then an analysis of the music, and concluding with the relevance to 9/11. Chapter 5 includes performance notes, gathered from interviews with Heggie, Scheer, and one of the girl sopranos, Ashley Traughber. Appendices include a timeline of events on 9/11, the three interviews, a chronology of Jake Heggie's vocal works to date, and the author's personal 9/11 story as I was just a few blocks away from the World Trade Center on 9/11.

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