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This thesis is based on a longitudinal study of servicemen and their families, as they experience transition from careers in the Royal Navy to civilian life. The analysis is based on data derived from three sets of focused interviews with twenty couples, conducted in Plymouth over a period between November 1995 and October 1998, and the findings of a questionnaire survey of just over two-hundred leavers. It develops a theoretically distinctive approach, drawing on the literature of organisations, discourses and identity, in order to understand servicemen's relationships with naval careers, and the implications for adaptation to civilian life on leaving. The research examines the meanings that men attach to naval careers and organisations, and their symbolic significance for their experiences of both service and civilian life. The analysis addresses the effects of careers on identity, decision-making, personal relationships and friendship networks, families, domestic divisions of labour, career interplay, parenting and resettlement. Whilst general patterns of success or failure in resettlement have been the main focus of past interest, this thesis uncovers the differential experiences of leavers in all their complexity. The study identifies a relationship between quantitatively and qualitatively different levels of naval involvement and the personal and familial experiences of career change and resettlement. The main findings of the work relate to wider issues of organisations, cultures and discourses, and are relevant to current debates about the future of military cultures, as well as the more specific issues surrounding resettlement.

The research focuses on the evaluation and perception of the residential quality satisfaction and the discussion of the requirement of residential quality and refurbishment of the servicemen¡¦s residential compound in Kaohsiung Tzuoying area. We want to understand the relations of residential quality satisfaction and the requirement of the refurbishment during the different residential backgrounds through the discussion of the literature and the questionnaire. We investigated the adult residents in Tzuoying Community in Mingjian and do the research by the census of 518 households units. Then analyze the data by statistic in SPSS soft ware. After the research, the result of four hypothesis are below: 1.There is obvious relation between residential background and the satisfaction of residential quality. 2.The composed elements are different due to the difference of residential background. 3.The demands of the refurbishment are different due to the difference of residential backgrounds. 4. The demands of the refurbishment for the residents are different due to the difference of residential satisfaction. From the result, there is obvious difference in the demand of refurbishment among the residents. In additional to raise the satisfaction of residential quality,it needs to think about the residential demands for the refurbishment. The search comes up with the related policies and suggestions to look forward helping the implement of refurbishment policy.

This essay details the profound economic and social impact of the Vietnam War on Hong Kong. The British colony provided essential strategic facilities to the U.S. war effort and ranked among the largest destinations for American servicemen on R&R. Between 1965 and 1970, Hong Kong annually hosted about 200,000 U.S. ground and naval personnel on holiday. This influx annually earned Hong Kong about US$300-400 million (in 2009 dollars) and employed thousands of residents working in the colony’s service and entertainment industries. In addition, American servicemen and the local businesses catering to them became a contentious issue in local society. Servicemen excited widespread interest, but their misdeeds and their bar and brothel stomping grounds provoked intense anxiety. Hong Kong residents’ ensuing debates exercised the available civil channels and stimulated the colony’s emerging public sphere, from English- and Chinese-language newspaper battles to outspoken unions and neighborhood associations. In tandem with famed events such as the Star Ferry Riots of 1966 and the communist agitations of 1967, American R&R was an essential ingredient to the emergence of a distinctive Hong Kong identity and citizenry during this period. While residents’ objections failed to curb the GIs’ holidays, Vietnam tourism and its reverberating effects pressed new sectors of Hong Kong residents to grasp and articulate their investment as citizens in the city’s future. Thus, the Vietnam War and its U.S. presence in Hong Kong were major factors in developing Hong Kong’s modern economy, civil society, and contemporary self-conception as a political, legal, and cultural ‘haven.’ / text

This purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between employees¡¦ perception on organizational climate and job involvement, and the moderating effect of employ types. This research involves all employees belonging to the I Research Laboratory, as experimental subjects for questionnaire surveys. We used the personal characteristics as the controlled variables, the organizational climate as an independent variable, the employ type as a moderate variable and the job involvement as a dependent variable. A total of 569 questionnaires were delivered and got 339 valid questionnaires. Based on the valid questionnaires, the hierarchical regression analysis and the Pearson¡¦s correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Major empirical findings are summarized as follows: 1.There are significant differences in job involvement among difference education degree. 2.There are significant correlations between the awareness of the organizational climate and the job involvement. 3.The employ type has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between organizational climate and job involvement.

This qualitative study, located within a postmodern and social constructionist framework, explores how the social identities of retired white Afrikaner ex-military South African Defence Force (SADF) servicemen are constructed in South Africa. It considers how retired white Afrikaner ex-military South African Defence Force (SADF) servicemen have chosen to define and experience their social identities in view of the transformed political, socio-cultural and economic landscape and dominant discourses to which they have had to adjust. The literature review describes the multiple, dynamic and socially constructed nature of identities, traces the reciprocal relationship between the individual and society, relates identity formation to the various social category memberships subscribed to by research participants, and elucidates the role of language in the construction of social identities. In this study, ‘discursive threads’ of race (whiteness), culture (Afrikaans traditions, language, practices), gender (masculinity), role status (retiree, ex-soldier) were all woven together by the multiplicity of meanings contained in drawn-upon discourses, which constructed the social identities of research participants. Social identity can be viewed as a compromise between assimilation with and differentiation from others, where the need for similarity is satisfied within ingroups, while the need for distinctiveness is met through inter-group comparison. Discourse analysis was used to analyse the texts produced during semi-structured interviews with five research participants. Additionally, the discursive psychological concepts of action orientation (and positioning were used to explore how temporal, multiple and fluid social identities of participants were constructed by their use of language and invocation of supporting, opposing and overlapping discourses. From the discourse analysis, five discourses were identified as being realised in the texts, namely: a discourse of discipline; a discourse of ‘same-ness’; a discourse of ‘different-ness’; a discourse of ‘loss’: “Old Soldiers never die; they just fade away”; and a discourse of ‘camaraderie’: “Esprit de Corps”. The participants’ accounts have highlighted the complexity, fluidity and multiplicity of identities and the impact of dominant discourses on the reciprocal relationships between individuals, groups and society. This study contributes significantly to the existing knowledge regarding white retired ex-servicemen of the SADF in South Africa by offering insights into how this ingroup defines, re-defines, negotiates and maintains its social identities in accordance with and in reaction to dominant discourses of the past and present. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Psychology / unrestricted

À la Libération, vu les pénuries et les restrictions, le troc, entre civils et militaires américains, s’organise tout naturellement. Mais, les produits de l’U.S. Army font rapidement l’objet de trafics, essentiellement basés sur un échange monétaire. En Seine-et-Oise, au cours des premiers mois de liberté, ce phénomène économique enregistre un développement au processus rapide, favorisé par l’installation de troupes et d’infrastructures américaines ainsi que par le désenchantement de la Libération. En 1945, vu le contexte militaire, économique et social, l’expansion des trafics est fulgurante. D’ailleurs, la gangstérisation des relations, entre certains civils et militaires, et l’inertie des polices franco-américaines et de la justice française ont largement contribué à cette expansion. Les trafiquants professionnels et occasionnels volent, recèlent ou trafiquent, dans la plupart des cas, des vêtements, des chaussures, des textiles, des denrées alimentaires, de l’essence ou des pneumatiques. Mais, du redéploiement des troupes américaines au retour d’un marché libre, ces trafics de proximité perdent brusquement de leur importance. L’année 1946 marque les derniers temps forts de ce marché clandestin. De 1947 à 1949, les trafiquants assistent à la disparition des trafics et à la fin d’une époque dorée. Car, malgré les mésententes locales et l’antipathie réciproque, ces trafics ont enregistré un succès phénoménal. Les civils et les militaires américains étaient conscients de la brièveté de cette manne. Cependant, en 1950, même si le contexte économique diffère totalement, les trafics de produits américains vont réapparaître aux abords des bases militaires américaines de l’OTAN. / At the Liberation, in circumstances of scarcity and restrictions, barter between civilians and American servicemen developed quite naturally. But the U.S. Army goods quickly became the object of illicit sales, mainly for cash. In Seine-et-Oise, during the first months of freedom, this economic phenomenon developed rapidly, facilitated by the installation of American troops and infrastructures as well as by the disillusionment that followed Liberation. In 1945, given the military, economic and social context, the expansion of black market traffic was sensational. Moreover, the gangsterization of relations between some civilians and servicemen and the inertia of Franco-American policing and French justice contributed significantly to this expansion. The professional and occasional traffickers stole, received stolen goods and dealt mainly in clothing, shoes, textiles, foodstuffs, gasoline or tires. With the redeployment of the American troops and the return of the free market, these convenience transactions lost their importance abruptly. The year 1946 marked the last surge of this illicit market. From 1947 to 1949, the traffickers saw the decline of black market traffic and the end of a golden era. Despite local misunderstandings and mutual antipathy, this traffic was phenomenally successful. The civilians and the American servicemen were aware that this opportunity would be brief. However, in 1950, in a very different economic context, the traffic in U.S. Army goods would reappear around the American military bases established as part of NATO.

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