Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valter Lucio de Oliveira1.pdf: 3734875 bytes, checksum: 3df4e3675ca94ae6ea670c023a536135 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The analysis presented in this thesis seeks to understand processes of engagement and retribution among people involved in the struggle for land , led by the MST (Landless Movement). Based on empirical research conducted at one encampment and two settlements (one new and the other old) located in Rio Grande do Sul, it was found that a fairly diverse public engages in this struggle, motivated by the possibility of gains that involve more than just the conquest of land. Adopting a perspective that at once privileges the micro without neglecting the macro level and that pays particular attention to dimensions concerning religion and religiosities, it was possible to perceive that joining the MST constituted an opportunity that people seized motivated by logics that are not, in the vast majority of cases, those defined by political reason. To experience religious offerings and to incorporate oneself into the MST encampment are not exclusive possibilities but rather efficient alternatives in the search for a better life. Even though the diversity of social expression was relatively controlled in the encampment, symbols and myths populate that space and create unexpected realities. To suspect, as those in the camps often did, that practices of witchcraft were occurring in restricted political meetings of the camp, indicates that that space, taken as a whole, is colonized by a variety of forces . It becomes evident, however, that in day-today dynamics of these spaces the religious and the political interpenetrate. In the face of this kind of dynamic, it is possible to perceive the creation, as much in the settlements as in the encampment (despite the greater control in the latter), of small communities defined by moral codes of conduct. Even though the unitary image that is created by and about the MST as well as its recognition as a catalyzing organization of diffuse interests is part of and enters into the reality of these spaces, the reality that is constructed there is much more complex than this. Thus, it is concluded that there is not an imposition over identities that ends up forming one single, solid, coherent identity. / As an?lises desenvolvidas nessa tese buscam compreender o processo de engajamento e retribui??o entre as pessoas que se envolveram na luta pela terra lideradas pelo MST. A partir da pesquisa emp?rica realizada em um acampamento e em dois assentamentos (um novo e outro antigo) localizados no Rio Grande do Sul, observou-se a ocorr?ncia de um p?blico bastante variado que se engaja em tal luta inspirado por retribui??es que n?o apenas a conquista da terra. Adotando um olhar privilegiado sobre o micro, sem, no entanto, negligenciar o macro e detendo-se sobre as dimens?es relativas ? religi?o e ?s religiosidades, foi poss?vel notar que ingressar no MST constitui oportunidade que as pessoas agarram movidas por l?gicas que n?o s?o, em grande parte dos casos, aquelas definidas pela raz?o pol?tica. Experimentar as ofertas religiosas e se incorporar ao acampamento do MST n?o s?o possibilidades excludentes, s?o alternativas eficientes na busca por uma vida melhor. Mesmo que no acampamento a diversidade de express?es sociais esteja sob relativo controle, os s?mbolos e mitos est?o povoando aquele espa?o e criando realidades inesperadas. Suspeitar, como faziam os acampados, que nas reuni?es da principal e restrita inst?ncia pol?tica do acampamento ocorriam rituais de bruxaria, indica que aquele espa?o como um todo est? colonizado por variadas for?as . Fica evidente, portanto, que na din?mica cotidiana desses espa?os o religioso e o pol?tico se interpenetram. Diante de tal din?mica ? percept?vel a constitui??o, tanto nos assentamentos quanto no acampamento (a despeito de seu maior controle), de pequenas comunidades definidas por c?digos morais de conduta. Ainda que a imagem unit?ria que ? criada pelo e sobre o MST e o seu reconhecimento como organiza??o catalisadora dos interesses difusos fa?am parte e interfiram na realidade desses espa?os, a realidade que ali se constr?i ? muito mais complexa do que isso. Do que se conclui que n?o h? a sobreposi??o de identidades que venha a dar forma a uma identidade ?nica, s?lida e coerente.

Thesis (Ph.D. (History)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / Key to this study is the history of Makgabeng, mainly focusing on creation of rural communal identities in that area. Defining identity will be an important aspect for this study in which a deduction will be made on how the Makgabeng communities viewed themselves and were also viewed by those outside their area. The various aspects which shaped and led them to view themselves and be viewed that way over time will all be explained. The history of Makgabeng was never included in the mainstream just like the history of most of the previously marginalised communities in South Africa. The early history of such communities was documented by Europeans, while those communities did not participate in the production of their own histories and the history of South Africa in general. The history of indigenous communities has been told from the other people’s perspectives resulting in huge gaps as well as distorted, prejudiced and subjective accounts of the past. The past of these indigenous communities was mostly preserved in oral traditions and oral history. Therefore, one of the principal aims of this study is to work towards filling the gaps as well as attempting to rectify distortions and myths prevailing in the current texts which were made by authors alien to the indigenous people.

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / This mini dissertation relates to the payment of divorce benefits to a former spouse upon divorce and recent amendments that have taken place in the Pension Funds Act 24 of 1956.Particular reference is made to the amendment of Section 37D.This amendment has brought about changes that will contribute positively to the development of South African Retirement Law. The discussion below deals with the unfairness to non-member former spouses before 1st November 2008. An analysis of pension interest taking into account relevant statutory provisions and case law will be dealt with as well. A classification between a member spouse and a former spouse in order to determine who is responsible to pay tax upon divorce. In terms of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 the former spouse of a retirement fund on divorce could be awarded by the court a portion of the benefits that the member would have received had she/he resigned on the date of divorce. The former spouse was only entitled to receive that share when the member became entitled to a benefit in terms of the rules of the fund which states on his/her retirement or termination of membership which could have been many years after the date of the divorce. Dissolution of Customary marriages will also be discussed and the benefit a divorced spouse has at the dissolution of marriage.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the longest and most violent conflicts in modern history. The language used to represent this important conflict in the media is frequently commented on by scholars and political commentators (e.g., Ackerman, 2001; Fisk, 2001; Mearsheimer & Walt, 2007). To date, however, few studies in the field of applied linguistics have attempted a thorough investigation of the language used to represent the conflict in influential media outlets using systematic methods of linguistic analysis. The current study aims to partially bridge this gap by combining methods and analytical frameworks from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Corpus Linguistics (CL) to analyze the discursive representation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in American, Arab, and British media, represented by CNN, Al-Jazeera Arabic, and BBC respectively. CDA, which is primarily interested in studying how power and ideology are enacted and resisted in the use of language in social and political contexts, has been frequently criticized mainly for the arbitrary selection of a small number of texts or text fragments to be analyzed. In order to strengthen CDA analysis, Stubbs (1997) suggested that CDA analysts should utilize techniques from CL, which employs computational approaches to perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of actual patterns of use occurring in a large and principled collection of natural texts. In this study, the corpus-based keyword technique is initially used to identify the topics that tend to be emphasized, downplayed, and/or left out in the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in three corpora complied from the news websites of Al-Jazeera, CNN, and the BBC. Topics –such as terrorism, occupation, settlements, and the recent Israeli disengagement plan—which were found to be key in the coverage of the conflict—are further studied in context using several other corpus tools, especially the concordancer and the collocation finder. The analysis reveals some of the strategies employed by each news website to control for the positive or negative representations of the different actors involved in the conflict. The corpus findings are interpreted using some informative CDA frameworks, especially Van Dijk’s (1998) ideological square framework.

Squatter settlements still represent the worst of urban poverty and inequality in Turkey. Yet the world has the resources, know-how and power to reach the best experiences. Urban transformation has become a topic of growing interest in many cities in the world. It has also become popular in Turkish cities and the most common urban transformation projects in Turkey are implemented in squatter settlements. However, while the scope of urban transformation interventions generally aims to improve the quality of urban life, increase the livability of cities in various aspects and provide cities with the ability to trace other cities in both national scale and the globalized world, it is still a question mark whether urban transformation projects are successful enough in improving every aspects of urban life and fulfill the promise of development for their inhabitants particularly by improving the lives of the poor and promoting equity. In this respect, this research tries to identify the success level of urban transformation projects implemented in squatter settlements. Since many urban transformation projects implemented extensively in squatter settlements in Turkey, generally with the aim of increasing the density of buildings and gaining rent over these areas, the concept of urban transformation has an indisputable importance to be researched. The key purpose of this thesis is to reveal the components of quality of urban and community life in terms of physical, environmental, social, and economic dimensions and provide both objective (quantitative) and subjective (qualitative) approaches over these components to assess the success level of Sentepe Urban Transformation Project and increase the success level of urban transformation projects in squatter settlements. This research will reveal up the degree to which Sentepe Urban Transformation Project will respond to the requirements of the criteria of urban quality of life. Further, this research aims to provide inputs for the next urban transformation interventions to guarantee the satisfaction of urban life and well-beings of local community in terms of various issues related to urban life. The key proposition of this research is &amp / #8216 / The success level of an urban transformation project depends on how far it provides an urban quality of life whose main indicators are both physical, environmental, economic, and social and objective and subjective aspects.&amp / #8217 / This thesis utilizes the experiences of one of well known project in the world which provides quality of urban and community life due to the multi-dimensional characteristics of urban transformation. Then, as stated above, the research focuses on &amp / #8216 / Sentepe Urban Transformation Project&amp / #8217 / in Ankara as a field survey and evaluate the success level of this project due to the success determinants proposed by this thesis. Finally, this thesis intends to increase the success level of urban transformation projects in squatter settlements and puts forward the success level of &amp / #8216 / Sentepe Urban Transformation Project&amp / #8217 / in terms of providing well-being of inhabitants in accordance with quality of urban life indicators and four dimensions of urban regeneration / physical, environmental, economic, and social.

This thesis analyzes the development of the settlement policies of Israel in the West Bank territory by focusing on the incentives of them with factors of change and continuity before and after the peace process. The Six-Day War of 1967 which initiated a new phase in the region with the Israeli occupation of territories in Jordan, Syria and Egypt became an important milestone in Middle East history. Although some of these territories were returned through bilateral talks, the main territory of the Palestinian people remained under occupation, being subjected to Jewish settlement activities. The settlement activities on the West Bank were expanded by all Israeli governments with different incentives until the peace process. The peace process which began in 1993 aimed to form an independent Palestinian state. Among the vital issues related to the final status talks the moratorium on future building of settlements and the Israeli withdrawal from the settlements were delayed. The Camp David Summit in 2000 was overshadowed by the ongoing activities of settlement. In addition to settlement activities, increasing security arrangements following the emergence of Al-Aqsa Intifada brought about the fragmentation of West Bank territories. This study aims to analyze the results of the settlement activities in the West Bank before and after the peace process in terms of an eroding factor for the mutual confidence between the Israelis and Palestinians. The settlement activities will be examined from the pre-state period of Israel within the framework of its unilateral policies until the end of 2005.

No description available.

Diss. Helsinki : Helsinki Universitet. 2008.

Thesis (doctoral) - Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 2001. / This book is a slightly revised version of the doctoral dissertation the author completed in June 2001 and defended at the Faculty of Arts of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in October 2001. Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-285) and index.

One of the most controversial and dramatic features of recent city development is the phenomenon of access to land through informal means, which is a reflection of the lack of alternative delivery systems. Constraints on the supply of land for housing the urban poor have resulted in a large housing backlog, reSUlting in overcrowding, the emergence of unplanned housing such as backyard shacks and free standing informal settlements. In South Africa, the majority of the popUlation who have been historically constrained by racist and restrictive land allocation processes found it difficult to access well located and affordable serviced land. These constraints have resulted in poor people obtaining access to land through informal delivery systems. This effective exclusion of the urban poor from the formal land market has resulted in the emergence of the informal systems of land delivery, such as land invasions etc. Both internationally and in South Africa, informal settlements and squatting have represented a way of addressing and challenging market relations and state regUlation and thus, allow for poorer people to move into better located areas. The existing informal settlement within the Cato Manor area (Cato Crest) can be regarded as an example of this kind of urban process. The purpose of this dissertation is to assess the performance of the informal delivery systems in Cato Crest, to establish whether these systems have reached the urban poor and to look for ways of dealing with informal land mechanisms in the future. The findings from the survey indicated that in Cato Crest these illegal land supply systems have benefitted poor people in terms of job opportunities, proximity to the city and location. A number of recommendations can be made in this regard: that there is a need for a land policy on informal land supply systems, that which should seek to make strategically located land available for low income housing in the future. If this is not accomplished, illegal land occupation will continue unabated until no land will be available for low income housing. / Thesis (M.Sc.U.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1995.