Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1958290 bytes, checksum: ec5b071ee8a377ad02a1c15f588a6960 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work analyzes the social construction of development alternatives, expressed through the proposal of the agroecology, bringing as empiric reference for analysis the experience in agroecology of a rural settlement. That Settlement is called Tapera and it is located in the district of Riacho dos Machados, in the North area of the Minas Gerais state, and its technique is advised and politically for an organization of the civil society, more precisely for an Non- Governmental Organization (NGO) dedicated to the rural development, that has as proposal to promote the maintainable rural development based in the Agroecology beginnings. However, previous to the study of the case in subject, it was looked for understanding the emergency of conceptions and proposed development alternatives and the mobilization of the organized civil society starting from partner-environmental problems, above all to those related to the agriculture. For so much, it had as emphasis to the concepts and representations created around the agroecology and the potential of the proposal for the rural development. This way, this research puts in interaction themes as development, agroecology, social mediators, development NGOs and rural settlement, so that it allows an including understanding of the complexity and of the meaning of the experience that it intended to analyze. / O presente trabalho analisa a construção social de alternativas de desenvolvimento, expressa por meio da proposta da agroecologia, trazendo como referência empírica para análise a experiência em agroecologia de um assentamento rural. Esse Assentamento denominado Tapera está localizado no município de Riacho dos Machados, região Norte do estado de Minas Gerais, e é assessorado técnica e politicamente por uma organização da sociedade civil, mais precisamente por uma ONG dedicada ao desenvolvimento rural, que tem como proposta promover o desenvolvimento rural sustentável fundamentado nos princípios da Agroecologia. Entretanto, anterior ao estudo do caso em questão, buscou-se compreender a emergência de concepções e propostas alternativas de desenvolvimento e a mobilização da sociedade civil organizada a partir de problemas sócio-ambientais, sobretudo àqueles relacionados à agricultura. Para tanto, deu-se ênfase aos conceitos e representações criadas em torno da agroecologia e o potencial de sua proposta para o desenvolvimento rural. Deste modo, esta pesquisa coloca em interação temas como desenvolvimento, agroecologia, mediadores sociais, ONGs de desenvolvimento e assentamentos rurais, de modo que permita uma compreensão mais abrangente da complexidade e do significado da experiência que se propôs analisar.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5968.pdf: 2288915 bytes, checksum: bf9a5aade16e6ece388928bd68384a5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-19 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / After some decades since the establishment of the first settlements the question on its continuity as a public policy arises. Thereby, the research sought to investigate how the generational encounters and disagreements in the settlements of agrarian reform took place. Elements that enabled to understand the historic process experienced by these subjects were sought considering their trajectories and experiences. For this purpose the privileged methodological instrument used was oral history through interviews, material that is enriched with secondary data and bibliography. The field research occurred at "Reunidas gathered" in the municipality of Promissão, SP, and enabled to realize that the subjects' motivation to permanence primarily involved the identification with the locality as a place of sossego and tranquility. However, this identity cannot be thought as something fixed, but in transit and constantly reformulated in relation to the place that is, was and tries to be, i.e., a fanciful, plural, contradictory and temporary identity. In consequence of this reformulation, strategies of permanence indicate new forms of work and income that does not necessarily involve agriculture. And finally, this historic moment of transition and generational coexistence revealed significant changes and ressignifications with regard to projects of life and a vision of land and labor when compared to second generation was the first. / Passadas algumas décadas desde o estabelecimento dos primeiros assentamentos surge a questão sobre sua continuidade enquanto política pública. Deste modo, a pesquisa buscou investigar como se dão os encontros e desencontros geracionais nos assentamentos de reforma agrária. Buscaram-se elementos que possibilitassem compreender o processo histórico vivenciado por esses sujeitos considerando suas trajetórias e experiências. Para tanto, o instrumento metodológico privilegiado utilizado foi a história oral, por meio de entrevistas, material que é enriquecido com dados secundários e bibliografia. A pesquisa de campo se deu no Assentamento Reunidas no município de Promissão, SP, e possibilitou perceber que a motivação dos sujeitos para a permanência passou primeiramente pela identificação com a localidade como lugar de sossego e tranquilidade. Todavia, essa identidade não pode ser pensada como fixa, mas sim em trânsito e constantemente reformulada em relação ao lugar que está, esteve e se busca estar, ou seja, uma identidade fantasiosa, plural, contraditória e temporária. Em decorrência dessa reformulação, as estratégias de permanência indicam novas formas de trabalho e geração de renda que não passam necessariamente pela atividade agrícola. E por fim, esse momento histórico de transição e coexistência geracional revelou significativas transformações e ressignificações no que tange a projetos de vida e visão da terra e do trabalho quando a segunda geração foi comparada a primeira.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-04-02T14:40:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 24447072 bytes, checksum: f3c118a6872f2c204e702f543e420344 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T14:40:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 24447072 bytes, checksum: f3c118a6872f2c204e702f543e420344 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Starting from the context of the struggle for Agrarian Reform and public policies for the countryside, this work proposes to analyze the educational practices of the extension agents of the Technical Advisory and Rural Extension - ATER, based on the reports and experiences lived by the peasants in the process of organizing the family groups from Socorro Settlement, in the city of Areia-PB. This reflection has as its starting point the Popular Education as a possible practice experienced in the countryside. In this way, we realize that the technical assistance and rural extension, from the perspective of Popular Education, have, as a proposal, the objective of promoting autonomy to the families and their empowerment, through the knowledge and use of emancipatory practices, both in the form of individual and collective organization. This reflection is based on some elements that the popular pedagogy of Paulo Freire warns like the dialogue, the popular knowledge, the autonomy, the emancipation and the work, as educational principles that guided this investigation. For this analysis, some theoretical and methodological procedures were used, such as assuming a dialectical approach (FRIGOTTO, 2010), qualitative and exploratory, through which data triangulation was adopted (FLICK, 2009), when addressing a set of procedures such as bibliographic research, documentary research, participant observation, semi-structured interviewing techniques with ATER / ATES agents and the focus group (GATTI, 2005), carried out with five family groups of Socorro Settlement. As expected, we present the production of knowledge of this relationship between peasants’ popular knowledge and the academic knowledge of ATER / ATES agents, thus enhancing the existence of positive and fragile educational practices, which, in part, do not dialogue with principles of Popular Education. Positive experiences were perceived in this research, however, they are barely visible in the local context. Therefore, the study comprehends that the individual and collective paths of this sharing of knowledge, in which peasants are protagonists, need to be shared with the younger generation of the settlement, making them the memory and history of struggle and resistance present in the affirmative perspective of conquest, autonomy, empowerment and emancipation of the family farmers, both the men and women farmers. / Partindo do contexto de luta pela Reforma Agrária e por políticas públicas para o campo, este trabalho se propõe a analisar as práticas educativas dos/as agentes extensionistas da Assessoria Técnica e Extensão Rural – ATER, a partir dos relatos e experiências vivenciadas pelos/as camponeses/as no processo de organização dos grupos familiares do Assentamento Socorro, no município de Areia-PB. Esta reflexão tem como ponto de partida a Educação Popular como possível prática vivenciada no campo. Desta maneira, percebemos que a assistência técnica e extensão rural, na perspectiva da Educação Popular, têm, enquanto proposta, o objetivo de promover autonomia às famílias e seu empoderamento, por meio do conhecimento e da utilização de práticas emancipadoras, tanto na forma de organização individual quanto coletiva. Esta reflexão se aporta em alguns elementos que a pedagogia popular de Paulo Freire adverte como o diálogo, o saber popular, a autonomia, a emancipação e o trabalho, enquanto princípios educativos que nortearam esta investigação. Para esta análise, alguns procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos foram utilizados, tais como, assumir uma abordagem dialética (FRIGOTTO, 2010), qualitativa e exploratória, por meio da qual adotou-se a triangulação de dados (FLICK, 2009), ao se abordar um conjunto de procedimentos, tais como: a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental, a observação participante, as técnicas de entrevista semiestruturada com os agentes de ATER/ATES e o grupo focal (GATTI, 2005), realizadas com cinco grupos familiares do Assentamento Socorro. Como resultado esperado, apresentamos a produção do conhecimento desta relação entre os saberes populares dos/as camponeses/as e os saberes acadêmicos dos/as agentes de ATER/ATES, potencializando assim a existência de práticas educativas positivas e frágeis, que, em parte, não dialogam com os princípios da Educação Popular. Experiências positivas pontuais foram percebidas nesta pesquisa, porém, elas são pouco visíveis no contexto local. Portanto, o estudo compreende que os percursos individual e coletivo desta partilha de saberes, na qual os/as camponeses/as são protagonistas, precisam ser compartilhados com a geração mais jovem do assentamento, tornando-os memória e história de luta e resistência presentes na perspectiva afirmativa da conquista, da autonomia, do empoderamento e da emancipação das agricultoras e dos agricultores familiares.

As Africa's largest economy and its most populous country, over a decade of rapid economic growth in Nigeria contributed to the 'Africa Rising' narrative. However, like many African commodity exporters, this economic growth, billions of dollars in oil earnings and electoral democracy have not translated into a diversified and industrial economy. This study examines why the Nigerian economy remains so dependent on oil and is non-industrial, which I argue are economic and development outcomes of specific policy choices constrained by Nigeria's institutional configuration or the political settlement. In this endeavour, my central preoccupation is with the political processes of decision making which at any point in time favour one policy choice over the other in resource-rich and plural societies such as Nigeria, and the economic and development outcomes of these policy choices. I employ the political settlements analytical framework to unveil these political processes and the conditions they create in which certain policies are preferred over others. This entails an examination of the causal relationship within the three variables of 'constraints', 'policies' and 'economic and development outcomes'. I argue that understanding Nigeria's challenges of economic diversification requires an examination of its political settlement to identify horizontal (elite competition), vertical (societal agitations for resource redistribution) and external (oil shocks) constraints on a ruling coalition, and the specific economic policy responses each constraint generates. Essentially, my research explains how policy makers are constrained to pursue certain courses of action over others, and the outcomes of these policies on economic growth and the structural transformation of production, exports and government revenue. In the Nigerian context, the study also examines how sub-national and regional differentiation in the distribution of growth in states like Lagos and Kano affect future political processes and their policy outcomes. The thesis draws from multiple data sources, including economic data, semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders, documentary sources, and participant and non-participant observation.

A dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar as formas de tratamento pelos poderes públicos municipais voltadas aos assentamentos informais das áreas urbanas de duas cidades turísticas, Canela e Gramado, enquanto aglomeração urbana na Região das Hortênsias. Para tal, foram utilizadas três técnicas: observação não participante; aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 02 (dois) grupos distintos, sendo o primeiro grupo de líderes comunitários e segundo grupo com técnicos de ambas as Prefeituras; e cruzamento de dados. Observou-se que embora existam análises acadêmicas a respeito dessas cidades, os temas estão voltados a outros assuntos, como por exemplo, capital imobiliário e turismo. Os resultados apresentados nessa dissertação refutaram a hipótese inicial, de que Canela e Gramado compartilhassem de estratégias para gestão dos assentamentos informais nessas cidades. A hipótese inicial teve como principal consideração a quantidade de assentamentos existentes em Canela quando comparado com Gramado. No entanto, foram observadas diferentes formas de gestão nos assentamentos informais, o que implicam em diferentes formas de ocupação no espaço urbano. / The dissertation is to analyze the general forms of treatment by municipal authorities aimed to informal settlements in urban areas of two tourist cities, Canela and Gramado, while urban agglomeration in the Region of Hortênsias. To this end , three techniques were used: non-participant observation; application of semi-structured interviews with 02 ( two) distinct groups, the first group of community leaders and the second group with experts from both prefectures; and linking of data. It was observed that although there are academic analyzes of these cities, the themes are turned to other matters, such as real estate and tourism capital. The results presented in this dissertation disproved the initial hypothesis that Canela and Gramado share strategies for management of informal settlements in these cities. The initial hypothesis was the main consideration the amount of existing settlements in Canela compared to Gramado . However, different forms of management were observed in informal settlements , which imply different forms of occupation of urban space.

Esta tese estuda a criação de municípios no Brasil contemporâneo, observando o fenômeno de uma parte de tais emancipações terem ocorrido em seguida à implantação de políticas públicas no território pertinente. Investigará esta relação causal hipotética, atribuível a um efeito territorial imprevisto da ação estatal: a criação de municípios. O recorte temático será limitado à política pública de reforma agrária, analisando a contribuição da implantação de assentamentos para as emancipações municipais no Rio Grande do Sul das décadas de 80 e 90 do século XX. Considerará os dados obtidos sob as referências teóricas e explicativas empregadas, a partir de Claus Offe e Jürgen Habermas, sob duas dimensões do contexto da sociedade brasileira, à época: a resposta à crise econômica nas chamadas “Décadas Perdidas” e o exercício da cidadania na redemocratização formal do país. A análise é conclusiva na verificação das hipóteses de trabalho, definidas a partir de um modelo adotado e para cujas características encontrou-se equivalência analógica nos municípios classificados a partir de indícios empíricos. A interpretação dos resultados permite a associação do fenômeno pesquisado à categoria de mudança qualitativa, conforme o sentido em que esta é utilizada na síntese da atualidade social, política e ideológica realizada por István Mészáros. / The present thesis studies the creation of municipalities (districts) in modern Brazil, observing the phenomenon that part of such emancipations have occurred soon after the implementation of public policies in the relevant territory. The study will investigate this hypothetical effect relation, which might be attributed to an unforeseen territorial effect of state action: the creation of municipalities (district creation). The thematic focus of the thesis will be limited to the public policy of agrarian reform, analyzing the establishment of settlements’ contribution for municipal emancipation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul from the 80’s and 90’s from the twentieth century. This study will consider the data obtained under theoretical and explanatory references given by Claus Offe and Jürgen Habermas, under two dimensions of Brazilian society context at the time: the response to the economic crisis in the so-called “Lost Decades " and the exercise of citizenship in the country’s formal re-democratization. The study’s analysis is conclusive in verifying the work hypothesis, defined from an adopted model, and for which characteristics it was found analogical equivalence in the classified municipalities from empirical evidences. The results interpretation allow the researched phenomenon to be associated to the qualitative change’s category, according to the meaning which it is used in current social, political and ideological synthesis made by István Mészáros.

La réflexion proposée prend forme à partir d’un projet de vie établi entre l’Equateur et la France. La thèse interroge les conditions de conduite du travail juridique dans l’orbite du phénomène de territorialisation des ‘établissements humains informels’ -asentamientos urbanos informales- de Guayaquil, ailleurs connus comme ‘slums’ ou ‘taudis’. La mise en cause de l’incidence économique, sociale, culturelle ou environnementale des usages et pratiques professionnelles du droit sur la ville en devenir, l’évocation d’une dimension éventuellement marginalisante, discriminatoire ou traumatique du travail juridique depuis la perspective des ‘usagers’ ou des ‘administrés’, paraissent troublantes au premier abord. Inscrits dans un mouvement d’itération constante entre l’observation participante et la théorie de l’agir juridique, les travaux entreprennent de poser les jalons épistémologiques et méthodologiques pour un travail de situation de l’agir juridique aux portes de la ville Sud. La lecture renouvelée de la contextualité urbaine marginale et le développement d’instruments de cartographie de la fonction sociale du juriste ‘en situation’ constituent les principaux résultats de l’investigation. Les développements coïncident, par ailleurs et d’une manière générale, avec l’investiture du gouvernement de la « Révolution citoyenne » -Revolucion ciudadana-. Ils offrent, dès lors et chemin faisant, un aperçu « vu d’en bas » sur le devenir des réformes traversant le pays aux lendemains de l’adoption de la Constitution du « Buen vivir ». / The investigation is building upon a life project established between Ecuador and France. The doctoral thesis questions social legal work’s conditions in the ambit of Guayaquil’s informal human settlements’ territorialization -elsewhere known as “slums” or “taudis”-. The mention of economic, social, cultural or environnemental’s downfalls associated to legal practices’ development in forthcoming cities, the pointing out of ongoing discriminations, marginalization and traumas caused by legal malpractices does create, at first glimpse, an awkward feeling among the legal development practitioners’ community. Through a continued iteration between participative observation, fieldworks and legal endeavor’s theory, the doctoral thesis develops epistemological and methodological backgrounds in order to better situate legal work in city peripheries of the South. Means to renew our understandings of marginal urban contexts, on the one hand, and to reevaluate the social function of legal practices, on the other, are the principal outcomes of our research work. The fieldwork coincided, otherwise, with the investiture of the “Revolucion ciudadana government”. Hence, the thesis does offer some bottom-up insights on the becomings of legal and political reforms in the aftermaths of the “Buen vivir” Ecuadorian Constitution’adoption.

This diploma thesis concerns folk architecture and it is separated into two parts. The point of the theoretical part is a summary of folk architecture in the Czech Republic area and basic terms demarcation regarding this issue. The practical part deals particularly with description and documentation of identified objects of folk architecture in the chosen area, especially in the village called Záboří.

Esta tese trata da questão da qualidade dos assentamentos de reforma agrária implantados no Brasil e do processo de consolidação dos mesmos, partindo da identificação e análise dos principais problemas existentes, através de estudo da vasta literatura disponível sobre este tema, problemas estes impeditivos ou retardatários ao processo de desenvolvimento dos assentamentos. O Programa de Consolidação e Emancipação (Auto-suficiência) de Assentamentos Resultantes da Reforma Agrária – PAC, criado em dezembro de 2000, pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária – Incra, é um dos elementos chave no contexto desta tese, em especial seus pressupostos, objetivos e estratégias/metodologia, enquanto instrumento potencial para apoiar o processo de consolidação dos assentamentos. Da mesma forma, o Sistema de Monitoramento e Avaliação do PAC – Sipac, se constituiu em um dos principais focos de análise desta tese, a partir da avaliação de cada um dos indicadores assumidos, faixas de classificação propostas, dentre outros. No processo de análise do Sipac, foram identificados e discutidos alguns dos principais problemas e inconsistências do mesmo, efetuando-se propostas de eventuaisajustes para a melhoria desta ferramenta, além de se apontar a pontecial contribuição deste instrumento para a formatação de uma proposta geral de avaliação da qualidade dos assentamentos, com vistas a consolidação efetiva dos assentamentos no país. Nesta perspectiva, o foco principal desta tese perpassa a discussão metodológica e aplicada em relação à temática dos“critérios de avaliação da qualidade dos assentamentos de reforma agrária no Brasil”. Na perspectiva aplicada da discussão proposta, foram utilizados dados relativos a seis (6) assentamentos que integraram o PAC a partir do ano de 2002, cujos dados obtidos mediante aplicação de questionário fechado junto à maioria das famílias destes assentamentos, foramanalisados segundo a perspecitva construída junto ao PAC, instrumentalizada a partir do Sipac, de caráter multidimensional, efetuando ainda uma comparação com a perspectiva dos próprios assentados em relação ao seu nível de bem estar (também instrumentalizada pelo Sipac). Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico-empírico, destacamos como elementos inspiradores e fundamentais para o desenvolvimento desta tese, (i) o trabalho de Sen (2000), que foca o desenvolvimento enquanto “eliminação de privações de liberdade”, numa perspectiva bastante distinta da tradicionalmente utilizada (de caráter economicista) e de Mattos (2006), focado na questão da pobreza e baseada na perspectiva de Sen; (ii) a metodologia adotada por Sepúlveda (2005), que buscou instrumentalizar o conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Microrregional, perspectiva esta “aperfeiçoada” por Waquil et al. (2006); bem como (iii) o trabalho realizado por Sparovek (2003), que versa justamente sobre a qualidade dos assentamentos da reforma agrária brasileira, dentre outros. Da mesma forma, a partir dos resultados auferidos na análise dos dados dos questionários aplicados, foram debatidas de forma comparativa, as diferentes perspectivas de consolidação, tendo por base a noção operacional (de consolidação), atualmente adotada pelo Incra. / This thesis addresses the issue of quality of agrarian reform settlements in place in Brazil and the consolidation of these, from the identification and analysis of the major problems through study of the vast literature on this subject, problems that hinder or delay the process of development of settlements. The Program of Consolidation and Emancipation (Selfsufficiency) Settlement Resulting from Land Reform - PAC, created in December 2000 by the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform - Incra, is a key element in the context of this thesis, in particular its assumptions, goals and strategies methodology as a potential instrument for supporting the consolidation of the settlements. Likewise, the System Monitoring and Evaluation of the PAC - Sipac, constitutes a major focus of analysis of this thesis, based on the evaluation of each indicator given, range classification proposed, among others. During the review process of Sipac were identified and discussed some major problems and inconsistencies of the same, making up proposals for possible adjustments to improve this tool, in addition to pointing the contribution of this instrument for the formatting of a general proposal assessing the quality of settlements, with a view to effective consolidation of settlements in the country. In this perspective, the main focus of this thesis permeates the methodological discussion and applied in relation to the theme of the "criteria for quality assessment of land reform settlements in Brazil. In applied perspective on the discussion, we used data for six (6) settlements that made up the PAC from the year 2002, the data obtained through a questionnaire enclosed with the majority of the families of these settlements, were analyzed with the built perspective with the PAC, manipulated from Sipac, multidimensional, making a further comparison with the perspective of the settlers themselves in relation to their level of well-being (also orchestrated by Sipac). From the standpoint of theoretical and methodological-empirical elements stand out as inspiring and crucial for the development of this thesis, (i) the work of Sen (2000), which focuses on the development as "elimination of deprivation of liberty" in a very different perspective the traditionally used (economistic character) and Mattos (2006), focused on the issue of poverty and based on the perspective of Sen, (ii) the methodology adopted by Sepúlveda (2005), which sought to equip the concept of micro-regional sustainable development, perspective "perfected" by Waquil et al. (2006), and (iii) the work done by Sparovek (2003), which deals precisely on the quality of agrarian reform settlements in Brazil, among others. Similarly, income earned from the analysis of data from the questionnaires were discussed in a comparative way, the different perspectives of consolidation, based on the operational concept (consolidation), currently adopted by Incra.

Ethiopia is rapidly urbanising. Similar to other urban areas in developing countries, major issues in Ethiopia include a high level of income inequality, lack of formal employment opportunities and deeply rooted poverty, tenure insecurity, poor infrastructure, and limited access to electricity and energy. Frequently settlers end up in impoverished urban squatters and slums which do not offer them even the most basic infrastructure and hence lack to provide them with the perspectives they came for. Onward migration to farer off destinations such as the EU member states thus often remains as sole option for those caught in such urban poverty traps. Although the issue of informal urban settlements is not new to the context of Ethiopian cities, the current rapid urban growth rates are exposing urban rental markets as well as infrastructure and energy supply to considerable pressure. The paper investigates the respective situation in Ethiopia and demonstrates some best practice examples. In the context of Ethiopian cities, energy production and distribution have been highly centralised under state entities and the scope for exploring local/business driven and decentralised systems has been limited. Transitions can be implemented towards sustainability and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals if collective identification and structuring of issues along with collective envisioning of future is provoked or facilitated.