De que modo a psicanálise pode incidir sobre o debate acerca do que impulsiona o pensamento às novidades epistêmicas? De um lado, vemos estudos de psicologia do desenvolvimento que adotam a psicanálise como teoria da afetividade capaz de integrar-se aos pressupostos psicológicos juntamente com a epistemologia genética. A partir dessa montagem teórica, tomam o enunciado da criança como meio de verificação empírica dos aspectos cognitivos e afetivos do desenvolvimento do sujeito psicológico. Apresentam-se inicialmente, nesta tese, os pressupostos que embasam tais pesquisas, o modo como integram a psicanálise a esses pressupostos e como, a partir dessa montagem teórica, sustentam o objetivo de fazer do pensamento da criança a verificação empírica de um processo evolutivo. De outro lado, considera-se o retorno lacaniano à experiência freudiana como fornecendo as bases conceituais para considerar o enunciado da criança como efeito da dialética intersubjetiva da demanda e do desejo. A psicanálise aí se apresenta como recolhendo o que os estudos antes apresentados deixam de lado: a diferença, a discordância ou o desvio que a formulação infantil preserva face à expectativa teórica. Problematizando a naturalização da criança como sujeito em desenvolvimento, surge a brecha para a noção de causa estrutural articulando a diferença e o impulso à emergência de novidades. / How could Psychoanalysis get into the debate over what pushes thought towards knowledges novelties? In one hand, there are studies within the field of Psychology of Development which adopt Psychoanalysis as an affectivity theory capable of integrating itself to Psychology assumptions as well as to the genetic epistemology. From this theoretical construction, they grasp children narratives as a means of empirical verification of the cognitive and emotional aspects of the Psychological subject development. We here present the assumptions of such researches, the way they integrate Psychoanalysis to those assumptions and how from this theoretical construction they sustain their intention to build the child\'s taught as the empirical verification of a evolutionary process. In the other hand, we consider the Lacanian return to the Freudian experience as an alternative source to consider child\'s narratives as effects of the intersubjective dialectics between demand and desire. Psychoanalysis presents itself as recovering what other studies put aside: the difference, the disagreement or the detour that infant formulations preserve in front of theoretical expectations. Putting in doubt the naturalization of the child as a subject in development, the notion of structural cause appears as a possibility to articulate the difference and the creation of epistemic novelties.

The subject of this dissertation is the representation of temporality, trauma and sexuality in Antanas Škėma’s fiction. The chapter “Temporal structures” examines temporal order in the writer’s novella “Isaac” according to Genettes narratology. The analysis reveals deliberately inserted mechanisms in the construction of the text, which disrupt the narrative investigation. A survey of temporal structures exposes invented events in the text and the definitions of “factual reality” and “imaginary reality” are introduced. The narrative analysis results in a hypothesis that Škėma’s text has been constructed as an imitation of human memory and as a representation of the factual reality outside the text. The chapters “Representation of trauma” and “Representation of sexual perversion” use Freud’s trauma theory and sexual theory as a method. Trauma appears to constitute the construction of the narrator and his urge to distort temporal links between the narrative and the story. When the narrator in Škėma’s “Isaac” focuses on the depiction of sexually perverted consciousness, the text affects the reader by forcing him to break off his horizons of expectation. The depiction of rape in Škėma’s fiction links the themes of sexuality and power and of sexuality and trauma. The writer detaches the representation of sexuality from the definition of love: sexuality, portrayed in the analyzed texts, appears to create its own norms. This is one of many ways to transform the depiction of sexual perversion into a social norm in Škėma’s narrative. The chapter “Škėma’s Autobiography and literary critics” provides a re-reading of the writer’s autobiography and his journalistic texts. The chapter ”Publication and reception of Škėma’s fiction” provides a compiled reading of earlier research and a survey of the writer’s books published in exile.