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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maria Lenice Costa Procópio.pdf: 2447744 bytes, checksum: 642cd26c7d5b263e2566ee50c23acad5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-12 / Não Informada / This research sought to understand the meanings of sexual violence and strategies for preventing sexual violence attributed by a group of teenagers from a school - shelter. To this end, we sought, from the perspective of teenagers, verify that the concept of sexual violence designed to identify possibilities for action against violence that may contribute to reframe the ways to realize the concepts discussed. It was a qualitative study and exploratory approach, which used as a technique for data collection on focus groups and participant observation. The location of data collection was a Shelter- School located in St. Joseph Subdivision, east of the city of Manaus, Amazonas. This institution is the only existing location in Manaus where girls aged between 8 and 18 incomplete, victims of violence of all kinds, especially sexual violence are housed. Procedures that meet the established in Resolution 466 of the CNS were followed - National Health Council Careful screening of information occurred through the technique of content analysis. It was concluded that violence in general, is intrinsically embedded in the lives of adolescents interviewed. Whether in private spaces, through parental figures who should protect them, and end up becoming as authors of violations that include physical, psychological, sexual violence and neglect or even where the dealer invades house to collect a debt mother and / or father drug user, such as public spaces, streets and plazas without security, where the same drug dealers live with bullets and not as "lost" and persecution of suspects of crimes. About sex and sexuality, narratives of adolescents involve seduction, sex exchange of objects, figures close to sexually abuse and they do not trust. We are facing the reality of child and adolescent victims of sexual violence in the XXI century, even "bother" the very society which constitutes a public health problem, but we can‟t rely on actions truly committed to cause. Consider the need for activities (seminars, forums, associations and other actions of youth leadership) to discuss the theme, where enable greater involvement of adolescents, listening more and talking less. We refer here to the shelter as an institution caring and promoting these activities. In relation to society would be very good that discipline Sexual Education would become part of the school curriculum not only as a cross-cutting issue, but as a mandatory subject, providing teacher training and overcoming taboos surrounding the topic of sexuality. / Esta pesquisa buscou entender os significados da violência sexual e estratégias de prevenção da violência sexual atribuídos por um grupo de adolescentes de uma escola-abrigo. Para tanto, buscou-se, a partir da visão das adolescentes, verificar qual o conceito de violência sexual concebido, identificar possibilidades de ações de enfrentamento da violência que possam contribuir para ressignificar os modos de perceber os conceitos discutidos. Foi uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo e de abordagem exploratória, que utilizou enquanto técnica de coleta de dados o grupo focal e a observação participante. O local da coleta de dados foi um Abrigo-Escola localizado no Bairro São José, zona leste da cidade de Manaus, Amazonas. Esta instituição é o único local existente em Manaus onde são abrigadas meninas com idade entre 8 e 18 anos incompletos, vítimas de violência de toda ordem, principalmente violência sexual. Foram seguidos os procedimentos que atendem ao estabelecido na Resolução 466 do CNS - Conselho Nacional de Saúde. O exame analítico minucioso das informações ocorreu mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Concluiu-se que, a violência, de maneira geral, está intrinsecamente inserida na vida das adolescentes entrevistadas. Seja nos espaços privados, por meio das figuras parentais que deveriam protegê-las, e terminam por se configurar como autores das violações que incluem a violência física, psicológica, sexual e negligência ou mesmo, onde o traficante invade a moradia para cobrar dívidas de uma mãe e/ou pai usuário de drogas; seja nos espaços públicos, ruas e praças sem segurança, onde as mesmas convivem com vendedores de drogas e balas não tão “perdidas” e com perseguição aos suspeitos dos crimes. Sobre sexo e sexualidade, as narrativas das adolescentes envolvem sedução, troca de objetos por sexo, figuras próximas que abusam sexualmente e nas quais não confiam. Estamos frente à realidade da criança e do adolescente, vítimas de violência sexual que, em pleno século XXI, ainda “incomoda” muito a sociedade, que se constitui um problema de saúde pública, mas que ainda não podemos contar com ações verdadeiramente comprometidas com a causa. Consideramos a necessidade de atividades (seminários, fóruns, associações e outras ações de protagonismo juvenil) que discutam a temática, onde se possibilite um envolvimento maior das adolescentes, ouvindo mais e falando menos. Estamos aqui nos referindo ao abrigo, como instituição cuidadora e promotora dessas atividades. Já em relação à sociedade seria muito bom que a disciplina Educação Sexual passasse a fazer parte do currículo escolar não apenas como tema transversal, mas como assunto obrigatório, propiciando a formação de professores e a superação dos tabus que envolvem a temática da sexualidade.

abstract: Using a critical textual approach and a feminist lens, this paper analyses the television adaptation, Outlander, and its depictions of sexual violence. The nature of adaptation and how the adaptation process can lead to incidental as well as intentional alterations in the storytelling are addressed throughout the paper. The analysis is done in two parts, the first exploring emergent themes such as the use of bodies’ geographic location, scars, and nudity to depict messages about power, the impact of the adaptation’s choice to promote Jamie’s perspective, and the use of cinematic techniques as narrative devices. The second half of the analysis covers how notable characters and events are framed by the show to promote a division between pure evil (embodied by Capt. Randall) and the heroes of the story, Claire and Jamie, whose problematic behaviors are minimized or promoted by the narrative. Many of the scenes in the show can be read multiple ways, sending different or even contradictory messages. However, despite the positive critical response to the show, this paper argues that Outlander still reinforces the notion that female characters are natural victims, and undermines the trauma of their assaults, in contrast to the focus given to the rape of Jamie, the heterosexual male lead. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Communication 2019

Male-male sexual violence during the Holocaust is under-researched. Despite being a widespread occurrence in the Nazi concentration camps, very few accounts from primary sources are available of the sexual violence perpetrated against the Piepel: male Jewish children, adolescents, and young adults, by male Kapos or senior prisoner functionaries. Until now this phenomenon has been understood to be an exchange of sexual favours for food and protection, but little else was known. This study therefore aims to examine the dynamics of Kapo-Piepelsexual violence in the Auschwitz concentration camp through the perceptions of victims of, and witnesses, to this violence, within a framework of feminist theory, gender and masculinity theory, and group dynamics. Based on written accounts in the form of memoirs and oral testimony from audio-visual archives, this study finds that the Piepelwere forced into sexual relationships to survive; that the Kapos used them as sexual substitutes for women; and that survivors’ attitudes towards the Piepelhave become more sympathetic in more recently published ego-documents. This study therefore calls for a wider examination of this phenomenon, and of male-male sexual violence during the Holocaust, given the resultant improvement in attitudes towards these victims who for too long have not been heard due to the shame and stigma attached to being a male victim of rape.

Sexual minority women have been repeatedly overlooked in violence against women research. As a result, we know little about the experiences and needs of non-heterosexual or gender non-conforming survivors. Given the paucity of information available on this topic, this study was exploratory in nature and used a phenomenological approach. Open-ended, unstructured interviews focused on the lived experience of surviving sexual violence and the impact that this experience has had on the survivors’ same-sex sexuality. While a number of reoccurring themes generated from this project are well represented within the broad and well-developed canon of sexual violence research, participants also introduced features unique to LBQ and same-sex attracted women. Results from this project are intended to begin a long overdue dialogue about the needs of this understudied community of survivors.

This paper is a report on the condition of rape myth acceptance and rape supportive attitudes among adolescent boys and girls. Students in secondary schools are at high risk for becoming victims of not only sexual violence, but also of secondary victimization at the reaction of peers and professionals. The paper discusses common risk factors for rape myth acceptance, along with suggestions for counselors practicing in a secondary school setting. / text

Sexual violence and in particular sexual harassment is an unfortunate reality in the lives of millions of Mexican women. We encounter this problem in all areas of our life: on the streets, within our families, and at work. Interestingly, some women's experiences of sexual harassment are less visible than others. This is the case of women in the occupation of paid household work. In Mexico, the fact that women household workers are sexually harassed or raped by their male employers has been silenced and at best kept as an open secret. In addition, researchers who have studied the lives of household workers barely mention it. Consequently, this master's thesis answers the following research questions: (1) Are women domestic workers vulnerable to sexual harassment? Why? and, (2) What are the social and cultural factors responsible for such vulnerabilities? I engage with these research questions by exploring the life histories of 11 women from Monterrey, Nuevo León and who have at least 5 years of working experience in the occupation, through in-depth interviews. Based on what the women shared with me I offer a collection of individual life stories followed by a feminist informed analysis of their experiences. Each story is unique and presents their views and perceptions of sexual harassment in the occupation and elsewhere. The analysis is divided in five mayor themes, which emerged in all of the interviews and explain the problematic. Although they enter the occupation knowing there are potential risks, one of which is sexual harassment, they are unable to change occupations due to limited work options. I argue that their social positionalities stemming from their gender, race, and class puts these women in a vulnerable position vis-a-vis their employers. As working class women, some from indigenous backgrounds, their employers engage in different types of discrimination, all of which construct women household workers as the other and their bodies as rapeable. At last, women blame themselves and others who have been targets of sexual harassment while freeing men from any type of accountability. / text

The United Nations Population Fund has identified gender inequality and gender-based violence as two of the main threats to women's reproductive health. In fact, researchers have estimated that between one quarter and one half of all women with sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, have abusive partners. Given the pervasiveness and far-reaching effects of these phenomena, it is essential to take steps to mitigate the possible negative consequences on women's reproductive health, including HIV status. This exploratory qualitative research study was designed to gain further insight into the contextual factors and personal experiences of HIV positive African immigrant women, with the goal of informing the development of contextually-tailored HIV risk reduction strategies. This study, guided by a theoretical framework based on Feminist Theory, Critical Race Theory and the Theory of Gender and Power, utilized in-depth interviews with six HIV positive African immigrant women. Narrative analysis was used to explore the women's narratives on the role of gender-based violence and inequality on their disease status. The main overarching theme revealed in the women's narratives was that marriage is a vulnerable status that can actually put women at risk for contracting HIV. This vulnerability is based on social norms that state once women are married, they: 1) should not say "No" to sex with their husbands, 2) should not ask their husbands to use a condom, and 3) should not divorce husbands for having concurrent sexual partners. The women's narratives showed how the gender norms and decision-making process they observed in their families of origin, and in the larger community, affect their sexual decision making in their intimate relationships. Their narratives also introduced us to their experiences of sexual, physical and emotional abuse, as well as physical and emotional neglect. Finally, listening to the narratives of HIV positive African immigrant women educated us on the stigma and silence around HIV in their community, in addition to paving the way for recommendations on preventing the spread of HIV in their communities in the United States, as well as abroad. Implications for social work practice and policy, as well as future research are discussed. / text

Background  Sexual violence against women and adolescents is widespread in Nicaragua, a country which also has one of the highest rates of adolescent pregnancies in Latin America. Research shows that adolescent pregnancy is often in correlation with sexual violence. Health care services have an important role in the detection, prevention and treatment of victims of sexual violence. Yet research on Nicaraguan health care professionals’ views and practices regarding sexual violence is scarce.  Aim  The aim of this study was to explore how the Nicaraguan health care system approaches the issue of health care towards victims of sexual violence. What are Nicaraguan health care professionals’ views and practices regarding the health care towards victims of sexual violence? To what extent is the steering document La Norma being applied in the Nicaraguan health care system?  Methods  A qualitative interview study with six health care professionals was conducted and data was interpreted with a qualitative content analysis.  Findings  Health care workers express strong commitment for their professions and a willingness to attend to the victims of sexual violence. However, views and practices not in accordance with La Norma were found, such as gender stereotypes among health care professionals about adolescent girls becoming pregnant mainly due to recklessness on their side. This constitutes a barrier against regarding adolescent pregnancy as a possible indicator of sexual violence. There is a clear connection with gender as it is young women and girls that are affected. This attitude is negative for the detection and treatment of victims of sexual violence and consequently for the protection of these patients’ right to the highest attainable health.  Conclusion  Health care practices and views of health care professionals are often not consistent with the steering document La Norma. Increased resources including education and more time with patients would strengthen nurses’ work and improve the medical attendance to sexual violence victims, thus contributing to a rights-based approach to sexual and reproductive health. Implementation of steering documents regarding the attention to sexual violence in the health care services also needs to improve. Future studies should further examine the implementation and monitoring process of steering documents, including budget resources.

Sketch is a fictional novella that explores themes of love, absence, sexual violence, and coincidence. It is a result of two years of extensive writing as a Michener fellow at the University of Miami, and is my first attempt at a longer work. Though a few of the character names are slightly fantastical, the story is firmly rooted in New York City, and the characters themselves are realistic.

This thesis examines the widespread occurrence of rape of women and girls in conflict and refugee settings. It contains many horrendous and complex case studies of rape and sexual violence. Using an intersectional framework, a range of theories is used to analyse these and in doing so the compounding effects of rape and sexual abuse in conflict and refugee situations is identified. The study uses a feminist action research methodology, involving seven complex cycles. These involve field work in Kenya and Thailand and are informed by the theoretical frameworks of post-colonial feminism, critical and anti-oppressive social work, and human rights. The study explores the silences surrounding rape and the reasons why major advances in international law and policy have had such little impact. It begins with an examination of the systematic use of rape as a strategy of war and the ways in which this is addressed in law, policy and practice. It then examines the impact and sequelae of rape on refugee women and girls. This focuses on exploring the reasons for the continued failure of the Women at Risk (WaR) Program to fulfil its potential. An extensive range of risk factors is explored. The almost complete failure of measures to protect refugee women and girls is documented. During the field work, a new research methodology which draws on community development and human rights principles is developed to ensure that the voices and agency of refugee women and girls are included. The study examines the lack of viable risk identification and response mechanisms and critiques the frequent failure to actively involve refugee women in finding and implementing solutions. It also identifies a number of political and ideological barriers, including the damaging impact of negative staff attitudes and the continued characterisation of refugee women as universally vulnerable and oppressed by their cultural contexts. In an activist approach to theory and practice, the study draws on a range of theories to understand the problems and to inform advocacy for changes in policy and practice. These include the development of new tools, law and policy informed by anti-oppressive participatory rights based approaches.