Few studies focus on sexual dysfunction among young women diagnosed with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine prevalence of sexual dysfunction over time among this group and to identify factors associated with sexual dysfunction. The specific research questions were 1) How does sexual function in young women with breast cancer change from 1.5 years to 3 years after diagnosis? 2) What factors are associated with sexual dysfunction in young women 3 years after receiving a breast cancer diagnosis? This study investigated several biopsychosocial factors such as current cancer treatment, sexual self-efficacy (SSE), body image, emotional distress, having children and relationship status and their associations with sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction was assessed with the scale PROMIS® SexFS. Participants consisted of 260 women, who responded to a survey 1,5 respectively 3 years after being diagnosed with breast cancer at age 18-39. Dependent t-test and McNemar tests wereconducted to identify differences in sexual function over time. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with sexual dysfunction. Results showed that sexual dysfunction remained a common problem 3 years after diagnosis. Sexual dysfunction was more common among women who did not have children, was currently undergoing treatment, reported lower SSE, and more depressive symptoms. Future research should focus on developing interventions to improve SSE in order to improve sexual function for breast cancer survivors. Clinical implications include following up sexual function through dialogue with patients and offering medical aid and treatment. / Få studier fokuserar på sexuell dysfunktion bland unga kvinnor som diagnostiserats med bröstcancer. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka prevalensen av sexuell dysfunktion över tid hos denna grupp och identifiera faktorer associerade med sexuell dysfunktion. De specifika forskningsfrågorna var 1) Hur förändras sexuell funktion hos unga kvinnor med bröstcancer från 1,5 år till 3 år efter diagnos? 2) Vilka faktorer är associerade med sexuell dysfunktion hos unga kvinnor 3 år efter att de erhållit en bröstcancerdiagnos? Den här studien undersökte flera biopsykosociala faktorer såsom nuvarande cancerbehandling, sexuell self-efficacy (SSE), kroppsuppfattning, ångest, depression, att ha barn samt relationsstatus och deras samband med sexuell dysfunktion. Sexuell dysfunktion undersöktes med skalan PROMIS® SexFS. Deltagarna bestod av 260 kvinnor, som svarade på en enkät 1,5 respektive 3 år efter att de fått diagnosen bröstcancer i ung vuxen ålder (18-39 år). Beroende t-test och McNemar-tester genomfördes för att identifiera skillnader i sexuell funktion över tid. Multipel logistisk regressionsanalys utfördes för att identifiera faktorer associerade med sexuell dysfunktion. Resultaten visade att sexuell dysfunktion var ett fortsatt vanligt problem 3 år efter cancerdiagnosen. Sexuell dysfunktion var vanligare bland kvinnor som inte hade barn, som hade en pågående cancerbehandling, som rapporterade lägre SSE och hade mer depressiva symtom. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att utveckla interventioner för att förbättra sexuellfunktion genom att höja SSE för bröstcancer-överlevare. Kliniska implikationer inkluderar att följa upp sexuell funktion genom dialog med patienter, samt att erbjuda medicinsk hjälp och behandling.

Background: A lot of women who goes through a vaginal delivery will contract injuries due to the delivery. These injuries are termed as tears, prolapse, dyspareunia, incontinence and the symptoms can affect the women in their daily life. The nurse will get in contact with these women in different contexts when the women seek help for her problems. There is an estimated number of unknown cases that are caused by injuries from the delivery due partly to the normalization in the society. It can also be linked to the ignorance and absence from the health care. Aim: The purpose of the literary survey was to describe how life is affected due to the experiences of injuries from delivery. Method: The literature survey has been based on ten scientific articles of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The authors obtained the articles by searches in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl Complete. Results: From the result three main themes was extracted that was the main findings of how the women experiences their life quality due to the injuries from the delivery. A non-working body, physical, psychological, sexual and social limitations and moving on with life. Summary: Suffering a birth injury can be associated with loss of vital functions, pain, discomfort, worry, anxiety and depression. These can lead to the body being perceived as dysfunctional and entail limitations physically, psychologically, sexually and socially. A good treatment from healthcare is important to get the right diagnosis, treatment and support to be able to move on in life. / Background: A lot of women who goes through a vaginal delivery will contract injuries due to the delivery. These injuries are termed as tears, prolapse, dyspareunia, incontinence and the symptoms can affect the women in their daily life. The nurse will get in contact with these women in different contexts when the women seek help for her problems. There is an estimated number of unknown cases that are caused by injuries from the delivery due partly to the normalization in the society. It can also belinked to ignorance and absence from the health care. Aim: The purpose of the literary survey was to describe how life is affected due to the experiences of injuries from delivery. Method: The literature survey has been based on ten scientific articles of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The authors obtained the articles by searches in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl Complete. Results: From the result three main themes was extracted that was the main findings of how the women experiences their life quality due to the injuries from the delivery. A non-working body, physical, psychological, sexual and social limitations and moving on with life. Summary: Suffering a birth injury can be associated with loss of vital functions, pain, discomfort, worry, anxiety and depression. These can lead to the body being perceived as dysfunctional and entail limitations physically, psychologically, sexually and socially. A good treatment from healthcare is important to get the right diagnosis, treatment and support to be able to move on in life.

Bakgrund: När individer diagnostiseras med ADHD är det inte ovanligt att individen påbörjar en centralstimulerande läkemedelsbehandling. Men forskningen kring läkemedelsbehandlingens påverkan på sexualiteten är skral både nationellt och internationellt. Det finns ett behov av att få bättre förståelse de konsekvenser som centralstimulerande läkemedelsbehandling kan ha för individers sexuella hälsa och välbefinnande. Syfte: För att fördjupa kunskapen inom detta område syftade denna studie att undersöka hur vuxna personer med ADHD upplever att centralstimulerande läkemedelsbehandling påverkar deras sexuella hälsa och välbefinnande samt vilka upplevelser de har av hälso- och sjukvårdens bemötande i relation till frågor som rör sexualitet och ADHD-läkemedel.Metod: Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsdesign bestående av nio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Empirin har analyserats utifrån en reflexiv tematisk analys.Resultat: Resultatdelen bygger på tre huvudteman: Medicinska biverkningars påverkan på sexualitet, Intervjupersoners upplevelser av sitt medicinerande sexuella jag – individuellt och relationellt och Sexualitet i en vårdkontext. Dessa har analyserats med hjälp av begreppen compulsory sexuality och compulsory able-bodiedness för att förstå hur normer kring sexualitet och kroppslig funktion samverkar och påverkar individers upplevelse av sin sexualitet. Slutsats: Resultaten visar att centralstimulerande läkemedel påverkar sexualiteten både positivt och negativt i relation till kroppsliga, psykologiska och sociala faktorer. I studien uppkommer även behov och önskemål om att sexologiska frågeställningar och information om sexuella biverkningar lyfts i hälso- och sjukvården. Resultaten är av vikt för den kliniska sexologin för att ämnet ska synliggöras och uppmärksammas i praktiken för att möjliggöra sexuellt välbefinnande hos vuxna personer med ADHD. / Background: When individuals are diagnosed with ADHD it is not uncommon that they begin a treatment with stimulant medication. However, research about the impact of said treatment is sparse, both nationally as well as internationally. There lies a need to make better understanding of what consequences central stimulants can have for the individual's sexual health and well-being. Aim: To deepen the knowledge within this field, the study aims to examine how adults diagnosed with ADHD experience how being treated with central stimulants affects their sexual health and well-being, as well as what experiences these individuals have regarding how they are being approached by health care professionals with reference to questions about sexuality and medication for ADHD. Method: A qualitative research method has been used in this study, consisting of nine semi-structured interviews. The observations have been analyzed with a reflexive thematic analysis.Results: The results are divided into three major themes: The influence that medical side effects have on sexuality, How the interviewees view their medicating sexual self - individually and with others and Sexuality in a health care context. The themes have been analyzed together with the concepts of compulsory sexuality and compulsory able-bodiedness in order to understand how social norms regarding sexuality and bodily function intertwine with - and affect – individuals’ view on their own sexuality. Conclusion: The results show that central stimulants affect sexuality in both positive and negative ways regarding bodily, psychological and social factors. The study also shows that there is a need for questions of sexological matter to be brought up by health care professionals, as well as giving information about potential side effects that have an impact on sexual health. The results are important for the clinical sexology field and practition, in order to raise awareness for this subject and to enable sexual well-being for adults with ADHD.