本論文全一冊，約九萬字，除緒論、結論外，計分三章十節。全文旨在探討明末大儒 王船山（１６１９∼１６９２）論禮之根據、功效與特色進而彰明船山論禮之涵義與 價值。故其重點不在船山於禮記一書諸般禮制、儀節之考辨，而在船山之禮學思想本 身也。茲略述各卓之內容如下： 首為「緒論」，分「研究動機、方法與內容」、「船山禮學著作評介」二節。 第一章「船山論禮之大本」，闡明船山論禮所以運行天下而使之各得其宜之根據，分 「禮必有本」、「禮之大本總論」、「禮之大本分論」三節。 第二章「船山論禮之達用」，闡明船山論禮行於天下之功效，分「禮重達用」、「禮 以立人道」、「君子秉禮以修己應物」、「聖王制禮以治人用物」四節。 第三章「船山論禮之本末通貫」，闡明船山論禮之互為體用與本末不二，分「禮必本 末通貫」、「天道人情不二」、「心物交盡」三節。 最後為結論「船山論禮之涵義與價值」，闡明船山論禮之多重涵義與□常價值，以點 出船山禮學之特色與價值。

The present research attempts to conceptualize and theorize the social engaging phenomenon of a contemporary Buddhist organization – Foguangshan – from a sociological and cultural perspective. This approach sees the growing presence of religion in contemporary society as a multi-facet social process that involves dialectic exchanges with various actors in the public realm, and acknowledges that a full understanding of the social presence and significance of a religious actor in a society cannot be realized only by the examination of their religious beliefs and practices but also the conceptualization of these religious expressions in search for the meanings and implications underneath. / The study acknowledges that despite the existence of abundance studies on Taiwanese Buddhism and Foguangshan, they are mostly historical and philosophical in nature; theoretical analysis of the social engaging mentality of these Buddhist communities and their interaction with the society is insufficient if not inattentive. The present research, therefore, would like to confront this issue by taking a dialectic approach that draws a connection between the socially engaging Buddhist community of Foguangshan with current social and cultural theories. / Specifically the paper will conduct a theoretical examination of Foguangshan and its interaction with the Taiwanese society by investigating their multiple aspects of publicness. This includes 1) how Foguangshan understands and imagines the public; 2) their strategy in engaging and penetrating into the public; and 3) how the people of the general public in return receives and responses to the social presence of the monastery. What this research tries to reveal is that while Foguangshan has been successful in expanding and penetrating into various public domains of the Taiwanese society, the outcome of their particular strategy in engaging with the public might result in an identity crisis beyond the intention of the monastery – an ambiguous public image between being religious and secular. / From our case study of Foguangshan in Taiwan the contemplation of these topics would be contextualized in a contemporary Chinese setting, and by doing so allows a cross cultural examination of the validity and universality of existing models of secularization and public religion. Hence the outcome of this study would not only provide an in-depth sociological and cultural understanding of the various public aspects of Foguangshan in relation to the contemporary history of Taiwan, the contextualization of this Buddhist phenomenon within a Chinese context could also further our understanding on how the particular social and cultural history of Taiwan, its Chinese cultural roots, and the religiosity of Chinese Buddhism have contributed to the unique way Chinese religions adapts and negotiates with modernity. / 本研究試圖從社會及文化角度，對當代佛教組織佛光山及其社會參與現象作概念化及理論化的分析。此方法視當代社會宗教增長現況，為一個牽涉公共領域中不同行動者的多層面社會過程，及相信一個對社會及宗教現狀的全面理解，並不能單靠對宗教信仰及其思想習俗的探討而獲得，而是更需要對這些宗教表象背後的意義和引伸作出概念化的整理。 / 本研究指出，儘管現存對台灣佛教及佛光山之研究非常豐富，然而，這些研究多屬於歷史及哲學性質，因而頗為缺乏對這些佛教團體的社會參與現象作社會學的理論分析。本論文直面這個問題，透過辯證方法把佛光山及其社會參與現象與當今社會及文化理論連接起來。 / 本論文將會透過研究佛光山的不同公共面貌，對佛光山及其在台灣社會的社會參與作理論性的探究，這包括︰(一)佛光山如何了解及想像公共這一概念，(二)他們參與及滲透公共領域的策略，及(三)大眾市民如何接收及回應佛光山的公共存在現象。本研究嘗試揭示正當佛光山成功地擴張及滲透台灣公共領域之際，他們探取的獨特策略卻做成了對這當代佛教團體的一個身份危機 – 一個游離於宗教與世俗之間的不明確公共形象。 / 本研究亦嘗試延伸到有關於宗教當代社會學中更廣闊的課題，特別是宗教與世俗之間的界線，以及現代化當下之社會變遷的探討。從對台灣佛光山的個案研究，這些課題將會落實於當代中國脈絡中，作全面性的思考，這樣便能給現有對世俗化和公共宗教的既有理解中，展開一個有效性和普遍性的跨文化檢驗。因此，本研究的結果不但提供一個對佛光山不同公共層面的社會及文化的深入理解，也進一步加深我們認識及了解台灣特殊的社會及文化歷史、中國文化根源、及中國佛教的宗教性、如何促成中國宗教對現代化過程作出獨特的適應及協調。 / Chan, Fang Michael. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-302). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 28. September, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

In the year 2003, twenty seven pieces of Shan¡¦s bronzes pit with inscriptions were excavated in Yangjiachun village of Mexian County, Shannxi. Except for the work in mid Western Zhou The Tien Yu, all of them were cast in late Western Zhou. The most noteworthy items among these bronzes are The Lai Ding Tripod of the 42th Year, the 43th Year and The Lai Pan. The former two were cast for King¡¦s awards for Lai¡¦s military contributions, plus the honorary title Li-Ren that conferred to Lai in the following year. By contrast, the later was to record Lai¡¦s family history about his ancestors¡¦ loyalty to Kings of Western Zhou, which also explained his succession to fathers¡¦ position in the government. Since the Lai¡¦s bronzes pit got excavated, many studies have addressed to them such as exegetics of inscriptions, history of Western Zhou, or sociopolitical system in that era. However, there are still some issues remained controversial including decipherment of particular texts, the history, and nature of specific government positions. Therefore, we investigated issues over these bronzes with reference to previous findings, and the theses are presented here: Our introduction can be found in Chapter 1, and in Chapter 2 we selected some meaning-unsolved individual inscriptions on The Lai Ding Tripod of the 42th Year, the 43th Year as well as the Lai Pan for interpretation. Chapter 3 is an in-depth association for Shan¡¦s family, in which we connected the inscriptions of Lai¡¦s name and his ancestors in the Lai Pan with other possible associated bronzes for inductive reasoning. In Chapter 4, we discussed some questions related to the three bronzes mentioned above which included figures, geographical names, and nobility succession system of the Western Zhou. All our findings were summarized in Chapter 5, the conclusion. We hope that this article can provide some suggestions to the lost parts of history documents.

The role that non-profit organizations play is becoming more and more important in today¡¦s society. NPOs¡¦ presence and responsibilities are essential to the well being of their communities. As Peter Drucker said, the goal of NPO management is not to create profit, but to focus attention on the mission statement. The mission statement drives the activities of the organization, and therefore holds an integral position. This dissertation will focus on Fo Guang Shan¡¦s international achievements, while classifying their strategy using a SWOT analysis. It will delve into the mission of their organization, the character of their leaders, the experience of their work, the recognition of their organizational target, and their dedication to research. The findings of this dissertation are as follows: 1.The concepts held by the NPO leaders will heavily influence the organization. This case study found that Hsing Yun pushed Fo Guang Shan to expand and perform on an international level. 2.Now is the time for economic knowledge and for localized cultural education. For example, Fo Guang Shan has established Chinese schools and Buddhist universities overseas, planting the seed of knowledge in the minds of others. This will influence the values of foreigners and Buddhists alike, raising the understanding and practice of Buddhist philosophies. 3.NPOs advance vigorously to diversify in multiple engagements. They perform as do for-profit organizations, earning the admiration of businesses for the innovation put forth, such as that of Mr. Shi Jhen Rong. Research, innovation, and marketing together create the ¡§smile curve¡¨. And Fo Guang Shan¡¦s ¡§smile curve¡¨ is one that easily shines through. 4.Fo Guang Shan¡¦s dedication to spread Buddhism is not only limited to the temple; another method used is to establish private teachers who spread the success of this organization. 5.This source of this diversification is their established system. For example, the chairmen of all temples rotate locations regularly. This method creates leaders that work well. They use their resources and environments to encourage internationalization and to meet people of different religions and cultures. This fosters flexibility and adaptation.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Intra-continental mountain belts typically form as a result of tectonic forces associated with distant plate collisions. In general, each mountain belt has a distinctive morphology and orogenic evolution that is highly dependent on the unique distribution and geometries of inherited structures and other crustal weaknesses. In this thesis, I have investigated the complex and irregular Cenozoic orogenic evolution of the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan in Central Asia, which is presently one of the most active intra-continental mountain belts in the world. This work involved combining a broad array of datasets, including thermochronologic, magnetostratigraphic, sediment provenance and stable isotope data, to identify and date various changes in tectonic deformation, climate and surface processes. Many of these changes are linked and can ultimately be related to regional-scale processes that altered the orogenic evolution of the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan. The Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan contains a sub-parallel series of structures that were reactivated in the late Cenozoic in response to the tectonic forces associated with the distant India-Eurasia collision. Over time, slip on the various reactivated structures created the succession of mountain ranges and intermontane basins which characterises the modern morphology of the region. In this thesis, new quantitative constraints on the exhumation histories of several mountain ranges have been obtained by using low temperature thermochronological data from 95 samples (zircon (U-Th)/He, apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He). Time-temperature histories derived by modelling the thermochronologic data of individual samples identify at least two stages of Cenozoic cooling in most of the region’s mountain ranges: (1) initially low cooling rates (<1°C/Myr) during the tectonic quiescent period and (2) increased cooling in the late Cenozoic, which occurred diachronously and with variable magnitude in different ranges. This second cooling stage is interpreted to represent increased erosion caused by active deformation, and in many of the sampled mountain ranges, provides the first available constraints on the timing of late Cenozoic deformation. New constraints on the timing of deformation have also been derived from the sedimentary record of intermontane basins. In the intermontane Issyk Kul basin, new magnetostratigraphic data from two sedimentary sections suggests that deposition of the first Cenozoic syn-tectonic sediments commenced at ~26 Ma. Zircon U-Pb provenance data, paleocurrent and conglomerate clast analysis reveals that these sediments were sourced from the Terskey Range to the south of the basin, suggesting that the onset of the late Cenozoic deformation occurred >26 Ma in that particular range. Elsewhere, growth strata relationships are used to identify syn-tecotnic deposition and constrain the timing of nearby deformation. Collectively, these new constraints obtained from thermochronologic and sedimentary data have allowed me to infer the spatiotemporal distribution of deformation in a transect through the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan, and determine the order in which mountain ranges started deforming. These data suggest that deformation began in a few widely-spaced mountain ranges in the late Oligocene and early Miocene. Typically, these earlier mountain ranges are bounded on at least one side by a reactivated structure, which probably corresponds to the frictionally weakest and most suitably orientated inherited structures for accommodating the roughly north-south directed horizontal crustal shortening of the late Cenozoic. Moreover, tectonically-induced rock uplift in the Terskey Range, following the reactivation of the bounding structure before 26 Ma, likely caused significant surface uplift across the range, which in turn lead to enhanced orographic precipitation. These wetter conditions have been inferred from stable isotope data collected in the two magnetostratigraphically-dated sections in the Issyk Kul basin. Subsequently, in the late Miocene (~12‒5 Ma), more mountain ranges and inherited structures appear to have started actively deforming. Importantly, the onset of deformation at these locations in the late Miocene coincides with an increase in exhumation of ranges that had started deforming earlier in the late Oligocene‒early Miocene. Based on this observation, I have suggested that there must have been an overall increase in the rate of horizontal crustal shortening across the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan, which likely relates to regional tectonic changes that affected much of Central Asia. Many of the mountain ranges that started deforming in the late Miocene were associated with out-of-sequence tectonic reactivation and initiation, which lead to the partitioning of larger intermontane basins. Moreover, within most of the intermontane basins in the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan, this inferred late Miocene increase in horizontal crustal shortening occurs roughly at the same time as an increase in sedimentation rates and a significant change sediment composition. Therefore, I have suggested that the overall magnitude of deformational processes increased in the late Miocene, promoting more flexural subsidence in the intermontane basins of the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan. / Intrakontinentale Gebirge sind typischerweise das Ergebnis tektonischer Kräfte, die auf entfernte Plattenkollisionen beruhen. Im Allgemeinen hat jedes Gebirge sein charakteristisches morphologisches Erscheinungsbild und seine eigene und einzigartige Entstehungsgeschichte, die zum Großteil von der Verteilung und der Geometrie vorgeprägter Strukturen und anderer Schwächzonen innerhalb der Erdkruste abhängt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit habe ich die komplexe känozoische Gebirgsbildung des zentral-kirgisischen Tian Shan Gebirges, eines der weltweit aktivsten intrakontinentalen Gebirge, untersucht. Diese Arbeit kombiniert verschiedenste Datensätze, darunter thermochronologische und magnetostratigraphische Daten, Sedimentprovenienzen und stabile Isotopenzusammensetzungen, um Änderungen der tektonischen Deformationsprozesse sowie Klima- und Oberflächenveränderungen zu erkennen und gegebenenfalls zu datieren. Viele dieser Veränderungen sind eng miteinander verknüpft und können letztendlich auf regionale Prozesse zurückgeführt werden, die die Entwicklung des zentral-kirgisischen Tian Shan beeinflussen. Das Tian Shan Gebirge besteht aus einer subparallelen Folge einzelner Gebirgsrücken und deren Strukturen, welche im späten Känozoikum als Reaktion auf die entfernt stattfindende Indo-Eurasische Kollision reaktiviert wurden. Im Laufe der Zeit haben Deformation und Versatz entlang dieser reaktivierten Strukturen eine Abfolge von individuellen Gebirgszügen und dazwischen liegenden Sedimentbecken geschaffen deren Morphologie prägend für die heutige Region ist. In dieser Arbeit wurden neue quantitative Altersbestimmungen zur Exhumationsgeschichte mehrerer Gebirgszüge durch thermochronologische Auswertungen an 95 Gesteinsproben durchgeführt (ZHe, AFT und AHe). Die aus Modellierungen einzelner thermochronologischer Datensätze gewonnenen Temperaturgeschichten lassen für die meisten untersuchten Gebirgszüge mindestens zwei Abschnitte känozoischer Abkühlung erkennen: (1) anfänglich niedrige Abkühlungsraten (<1°C/Myr) während einer tektonische Ruhephase und (2) stärkere Abkühlung im späten Känozoikum, die in den verschiedenen Gebirgsketten diachron und mit unterschiedlicher Intensität einsetzt. Diese zweite Abkühlungsphase kann durch einen Anstieg der Erosionsraten durch aktive Deformation interpretiert werden und stellt für viele der untersuchten Gebirgszüge die erste verfügbare Alterabschätzung spätkänozoischer Deformation dar. Neue Deformationsalter wurden weiterhin aus den Sedimenten intermontaner Becken gewonnen. Im intermontanen Issyk Kul Becken lassen neue magnetostratigraphische Daten zweier Sedimentabschnitte vermuten, dass die Ablagerung der ersten syntektonischen Sedimente im Känozoikum um ca. 26 Ma begann. Weiterhin zeigen Zirkon-Provenienzen, Paläoströmungsrichtungen sowie Klastenanalysen konglomeratischer Sedimente, dass diese Sedimente aus der Terskey Range südlich des Beckens stammen, was vermuten lässt, dass der Beginn der spätkänozoischen Deformation in diesem Teil des Gebirgszuges älter als 26 Ma ist. In anderen Bereichen wurden sedimentäre Wachstumsstrukturen zur Identifikation syntektonischer Ablagerung herangezogen, um somit den Zeitpunkt nahe gelegener Deformation zu bestimmen. Zusammengenommen haben meine Beobachtungen und Auswertungen ermöglicht, die räumlichen und zeitlichen Deformationsmuster quer durch das zentral-kirgisischen Tian Shan Gebirge zu erschließen um eine zeitliche Abfolge in der Entstehung und Entwicklung einzelner Gebirgszüge zu entwickeln. Meine Daten lassen vermuten, dass die Deformation in einigen wenigen, weit auseinander liegenden Bergketten im Spätoligozän bis Frühmiozän begann. Typischerweise sind diese frühen Gebirgsketten auf mindestens einer Seite an eine reaktivierte Struktur gebunden. Diese sind die wahrscheinlich schwächsten oder am besten orientierten Strukturen, um die annähernd Nord-Süd gerichtete Einengung im späten Känozoikum aufzunehmen. Darüber hinaus ist es sehr wahrscheinlich, dass die tektonische Gesteinshebung innerhalb der Terskey Range, entlang reaktivierter Störungen vor 26 Ma, eine signifikante Topographiezunahme zur Folge hatte. Dies führte höchstwahrscheinlich zur Ausbildung einer orographischen Barriere und der damit verbundenen Verstärkung der Regenfälle im Becken nördlich des Rückens. Diese Bedingungen konnten mithilfe stabiler Isotopenzusammensetzungen entlang der zwei magnetostratigraphisch datierten Sedimentprofile im Issyk Kul Becken nachgewiesen werden. Während des späten Miozäns (~12‒5 Ma) begann zeitnah die aktive Deformation und Heraushebung mehrerer neuer Gebirgsrücken. Wichtig dabei erscheint, dass der Zeitpunkt dieser spätmiozänen Deformation mit einem Exhumationsschub derer Gebirgszüge zusammenfällt, die schon viel früher (Spätoligozän bis Frühmiozän) mit der Deformation begannen. Aufgrund dieser Beobachtungen habe ich vorgeschlagen, dass es einen generellen Anstieg der Einengungsraten im Tian Shan gegeben haben muss, welcher auf regionale tektonische Veränderungen zurückzuführen ist die große Teile Zentralasiens betrafen. Viele der Gebirgsrücken, die initial im späten Miozän herausgehoben wurden, sind durch unsystematische, tektonische Prozesse der Reaktivierung und Initialisierung von Strukturen (out-of-sequence) entstanden, die zur Teilung vormals großer, zusammenhängender Sedimentbecken führte. Darüber hinaus weisen die meisten intermontanen Becken im zentral-kirgisischen Tian Shan, in etwa zur Zeit der beobachteten, verstärkten Einengung im Spätmiozän, ebenfalls erhöhte Sedimentationsraten und eine signifikante Änderung der Sedimentzusammensetzung. Daher vermute ich, dass die allgemeine Intensität der Deformation im Spätmiozän zunahm, was eine tektonische Absenkung (flexural subsidence) in den intermontane Becken des zentral-kirgisischen Tian Shan Gebirges zur Folge hatte.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2006

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 285-300) Also available in print.

Within China's post-1980's urban planning discourse, shan-shui, a significance-laden compound character set translatable as `mountain-water' or `landscape', aligned with urban sustainability. The focus of this genealogical discourse analysis delineates the origins, evolution, interpretation, and application of the term shan-shui within China's contemporary urbanization as a developing urban design paradigm, informed through transnational flows of urban design practices. This work highlights case studies showing this discourse's morphological materializations and analyzes interviews, publications, media, letter exchanges, and urban designs to problematize the use of shan-shui within the discursive processes of urban development and sustainability discourses. The superscription of shan-shui generates a rubric through which Chinese cultural and symbolic elements are (re)formulated in contemporary urban developments and conjoined with sustainable urban design practices facilitating multifaceted ends including efforts towards sustainable urban development, bourgeoning neo-classical urban aesthetics, conceptual bridging of human-nature relations, land-centric capital accumulation, and a vernacular urbanism. / 10000-01-01

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Real Estate and Construction