No description available.

A turbulent boundary layer (TBL), generated in a water tunnel, extended to a highly turbulent and anisotropic “free stream” that consisted of a uniformly sheared flow (USF) with a mean shear that was in the opposite direction to that in the TBL. Extensive measurements of the fluctuating velocity were taken with the use of hot-film anemometry, laser Doppler velocimetry and particle image velocimetry. On either side of the TBL edge, defined as the location of maximum velocity, the turbulence relaxed to its canonical structures in TBL and USF, respectively, but, in the vicinity of the edge, the turbulence was multi-structure and exhibited strong departures from canonical behaviour. Of particular interest was the variation of the dissipation parameter, which, in contrast to its near-constancy in well-developed canonical flows, varied inversely proportionally to the turbulence Reynolds number. The entire flow contained horseshoe-shaped coherent structures, whose properties, however, varied from the TBL, across the multi-structure region and into the USF.

Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules which self-assemble at the interface in oil-water-surfactant mixtures such that the hydrophobic part, called tail, stays in oil and the remaining part, called head, resides in hydrophilic en-vironment. Depending upon concentration of individual components, these mixtures form several microphases, such as bilayers, micelles, columnar and lamellar phases. A lamellar phase, at equilibrium, is made up of alternat-ing layers of water and oil separated by surfactants, or of alternate layers of water and surfactant bilayers such that the hydrophilic heads are in contact with water. This equilibrium state is rarely achieved in macroscopic samples due to thermodynamic and kinetic constraints; instead, a lamellar fluid is usually disordered with a large number of defects. These defects have significant effect on the flow behaviour of the lamellar mesophase systems. They are known to alter the flow field, resulting stresses and in turn could get distorted or annihilated by the flow. In present work, we analyse this two way coupling between lamellar structure and flow field. The structural and rheological evolution of an initially disordered lamellar phase system under a shear flow is examined using a mesoscale model based on a free energy functional for the concentration field, which is the scaled difference in the concentration between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. Two distinct modes of structural evolution are observed depending only on Peclet number, which ratio of inertial forces to mass diffusivity, in-dependent of system size. At low Peclet number, local domains are formed which are then rotated and stretched by shear. A balance between defect creation and annihilation is reached due to which the system never reaches the equilibrium layer configuration. In the opposite limit, partially formed layers break and reform so as to form a nearly aligned lamellar phase con-figuration with residual defects. Viscosity of lamellar phase system increases with layer moduli, differences in viscosity of individual components, fluidity of the lamellae due to shear banding and defect pinning. These factors however, do not have any effect on alignment mechanism.

On dérive un nouveau modèle d’écoulements cisaillés et turbulents d’eau peu profonde. Les écarts de la vitesse horizontale par rapport à sa valeur moyenne sont pris en compte par une nouvelle variable appelée enstrophie, liée à la vorticité et à l’énergie turbulente. Le modèle comporte trois équations qui sont les bilans de masse, de quantité de mouvement et d’énergie. Le modèle est hyperbolique et peut être écrit sous forme conservative. L’énergie turbulente, dont l’intensité peut être importante, est produite par les ondes de choc qui apparaissent naturellement dans le modèle. Les écoulements rapidement variés étudiés sont caractérisés par l’existence d’une structure turbulente appelée rouleau dans laquelle la dissipation d’énergie turbulente joue un rôle majeur. Cette dissipation, qui détermine notamment le profil de profondeur, est modélisée par l’introduction d’un terme nouveau dans le bilan d’énergie. Le modèle comporte deux paramètres. L’un gouverne la dissipation de l’énergie turbulente du rouleau. L’autre paramètre, l’enstrophie de paroi, liée au cisaillement sur le fond, peut être considéré comme constant dans la partie rapidement variée d’un écoulement, sur laquelle il exerce une influence assez faible. Ce modèle a été appliqué avec succès aux vagues des trains de rouleaux et au ressaut hydraulique classique. Le profil de la surface libre est en très bon accord avec les résultats expérimentaux. L’étude numérique en régime non stationnaire permet notamment de prédire le régime oscillatoire du ressaut hydraulique. La fréquence d’oscillations correspondante est en accord satisfaisant avec les mesures expérimentales de la littérature. / We derive a new model of turbulent shear shallow water flows. The deviation of the horizontal velocity from its average value is taken into account by a new variable called enstrophy, which is related to the vorticity and to the turbulent energy. The model consists of three equations which are the balances of mass, momentum and energy. The model is hyperbolic and can be written in conservative form. The turbulent energy, which can be of high intensity, is produced in shock waves which appear naturally in the model. The rapidly varied flows we studied are characterized by the presence of a turbulent structure called roller in which the turbulent energy dissipation plays a major part. This dissipation, which determines, in particular, the depth profile, is modelled by the introduction of a new term in the energy balance equation. The model contains two parameters. The first one governs the dissipation of the turbulent energy of the roller. The second one, the wall enstrophy, related to the shearing at the bottom, can be considered as constant in the rapidly varied part of the flow on which it does not exert an important influence. This model was successfully applied to roll waves and to the classical hydraulic jump. The free surface profile was found in very good agreement with the experimental results. The numerical study in the non-stationary case can notably predict the oscillations of the hydraulic jump. The corresponding oscillation frequency is in good agreement with the experimental measures found in the literature.

L'objectif de ce travail était d'améliorer la compréhension et la modélisation de la propagation de la houle au-dessus d'une topographie lentement variable et en présence d'un courant inhomogène. Nous nous sommes en particulier intéressés à l'influence d'un courant cisaillé linéairement et verticalement sur la dynamique de la houle. Dans ce but un modèle linéaire de propagation de la houle a été développé et une campagne expérimentale a été menée en bassin de génie océanique. Au cours de cette campagne expérimentale les paramètres de la houle et du courant ont été mesurés avec une haute résolution spatio-temporelle. Nous avons pu décrire l'interaction complexe entre la houle et le courant, en particulier les effets de l'évolution spatiale des gradients verticaux et horizontaux de ce dernier sur la propagation de la houle. / The purpose of this work was the improvement of the understanding and the modelling of wave propagation over a slowly varying topography in presence of a inhomogeneous current. Particularly we focus on the influence of a linearly vertically sheared current on the wave behaviour. To this end, we develop a new wave propagation model and we carry out an experimental study in an ocean engineering basin.During the experiments, wave parameters and currents parameters have been measured with a high spatial and temporal resolution. This allows us to describe the complex interaction between the wave and the current, particularly its horizontal and vertical gradients effects on the wave propagation.

A dual-axis fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV) system is proposed where the supersonic propulsive jet of an aircraft is exhausted over a scarfed (swept), curved surface to produce flight control moments in both the pitch and yaw axes. This work contributes towards practical dual-axis FTV through expansion of fundamental curved-wall jet (CWJ) understanding, development of the novel Superimposed Characteristics technique for supersonic nozzle design, and performance evaluation of an experimental scarfed curved wall FTV configuration. Previous work has suggested that the use of a sheared exhaust velocity profile improves the attachment of supersonic jets to curved surfaces; however, evidence to support this is limited. To address this, an inviscid numerical CWJ model was developed using the two-dimensional method of characteristics. A major outcome is improved understanding of the effect of exhaust velocity profile on CWJ wave structure and subsequent jet attachment. A sheared velocity exhaust is shown to generate a wave structure that diminishes adverse streamwise pressure gradients within a supersonic curved-wall jet. This reduces the likelihood of boundary layer separation and as a result, a sheared exhaust velocity CWJ is expected to be less readily separated compared to other exhaust velocity profiles. A novel method termed Superimposed Characteristics was developed for the low-order design of supersonic nozzles with rectangular exits. The technique is capable of generating 3D nozzle geometries based on independent exit plane orientation and exhaust velocity distribution requirements. The Superimposed Characteristics method was used to design scarfed rectangular exit nozzles with sheared velocity exhaust profiles. These nozzles were then evaluated using finite volume computational methods and experimental methods. From the analysis, the Superimposed Characteristics method is shown to be valid for preliminary nozzle design. Experimental methods were used to study the on- and off-design attachment qualities of uniform and sheared velocity exhaust jets for a FTV configuration with an external curved wall termination angle of 90 degrees and scarf angle of 30 degrees. Experiments at the on-design nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 3.3 demonstrated pitch and yaw jet deflection angles of 78 degrees and 23 degrees respectively for the uniform exhaust velocity CWJ. The sheared exhaust velocity CWJ achieved lower pitch and yaw deflection angles of 34 degrees and 14 degrees respectively at the same on-design NPR. The lower jet deflection angles observed for sheared exhaust velocity jets is inconsistent with the CWJ model prediction of reduced adverse streamwise pressure gradients; however, there was insufficient experimental instrumentation to identify the cause. In the off-design experiments, the uniform exhaust velocity CWJ was observed to detach at an NPR of 3.6, whilst the sheared exhaust velocity CWJ remained attached at NPRs in excess of 4. The capability of sheared exhaust velocity CWJs to remain attached at higher NPRs is consistent with the analytical theory and the CWJ model predictions. An actuation study was carried out to achieve controlled jet detachment using secondary blowing injected normal to the curved wall. Full separation of the wall jets was achieved downstream of the injection point. This provided vectoring angles of more than 20 degrees in pitch and 10 degrees in yaw, exceeding expected vectoring requirements for practical aircraft control. At the on-design NPR, the uniform and sheared exhaust velocity jets required secondary blowing mass flow rates of 2.1% and 3.8% of the primary mass flow respectively to achieve full separation.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d'apporter une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes qui gouvernent le bon fonctionnement et les performances des procédés de dépollution à biomasse fixée et d'en développer leur modélisation. Ces procédés pourraient voir leur efficacité intensifiée si les couplages entre les divers mécanismes locaux qui les gouvernent étaient mieux compris. L'interaction forte écoulement / biofilm dans ces procédés rend très difficile leur modélisation sans des progrès drastiques dans la compréhension de phénomènes intervenant à diverses échelles (biofilm, pore, bioréacteur). En conséquence, un des premiers verrous à lever est d'apporter une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes locaux responsables de l'adhésion, du détachement et de la croissance de micro-organismes sous écoulement. Dans ce but une chambre d'écoulement a été mise au point pour permettre l'observation microscopique et la caractérisation in-situ de ces phénomènes sous conditions hydrodynamiques contrôlées. Le système étudié est une bactérie de Pseudomonas putida et le polluant modèle est du phénol. En conditions non limitantes, nous montrons que les paramètres de la loi de Monod, pour les instants initiaux de croissance du biofilm et les conditions hydrodynamiques en régime très diffusif, sont dépendants du cisaillement imposé, ce qui n'est pas pris en compte dans la plupart des modèles. Des expériences mettant en œuvre l'observation de la croissance du biofilm sous écoulement (à bas Reynolds) ont ensuite permis de montrer la nature hétérogène de la structure du biofilm (structures filamenteuses, distribution de protubérances sur le support solide). Ces structures pourraient entre autre expliquer comment la croissance du biofilm influence le frottement. Pour étudier l'influence de la microstructure sur cette quantité, une technique de reconstruction 3D du biofilm a été développée et mise en œuvre en complément de la microscopie optique directe. La simulation de l'écoulement dans la microstructure ainsi reconstituée et l'ordre de grandeur des perméabilités calculées montrent bien l'importance de la distribution locale de la biomasse sur ce paramètre. / The biofilms, mainly composed of micro-organisms and exopolymers, develop themself on nonsterile wet surfaces. They are of considerable importance in many industrial and environmental applications, among which biofilters used in water treatment. The strong interaction between the flow and the biofilm development in this type of processes returns very difficult their modelling without drastic progress in the comprehension of phenomena appearing on various scales (biofilm, pore, biofilter). This thesis aims to bring a better comprehension of the mechanisms which control the biofilm growth on a local scale. A flow chamber characterized by a laminar flow profile was developed to allow the in-situ observation and the analysis of cell adhesion, detachment and the growth of P. putida bacteria under sheared flow. The results also showed that the growth kinetics measured in batch was not applied, for low Reynolds number in the case of a biomass fixed to solid support and subjected to a shear stress. The study revealed also, as already shown before in certain research tasks, the biofilms organization in response to the sheared flow. The technique of 3d-reconstruction developed and implemented in complement to the direct optical microscopy allowed a better interpretation of global biofilm architecture and have explained how the microstructure can influence the biofilm friction toward fluid flow. We have simulated the distribution of the local velocity profiles in biofilm microstructure and our estimation of permeability has highlighed the importance of local distribution of biomass in this parameter.

In this thesis, we have tried to explain the regular and irregular(chaotic) dynamics of worm like micellar solutions on applying shear, through a detailed study of the equation of motion of a nematic order parameter tensor coupled to a hydrodynamic velocity field. We have assumed spatial variations only along one direction i.e. the gradient direction(1D model). The resulting phase diagram shows various interesting steady states or phases such as spatiotemporal chaos, temporal and spatiotemporal periodicities, and alignment of the director axis along the imposed flow field. The coupling of the orientational degrees of freedom of the order parameter with the hydrodynamic flow field holds the key to the appearance of dynamic shear bands in the system. We have solved numerically a set of coupled nonlinear equations to obtain the order parameter stress developed in the system; the magnitude of the order parameter tensor, the biaxiality parameter and the orientation of the director axis of the nemato gens under shear have also been studied in detail. To study the phase diagram obtained by time integration of the equation of motion mathematically, a stability analysis of the fixed point of motion for various parameter values has been performed so that the location of the chaotic-to-aligned phase boundary is verified. Also in the periodic region of the phase diagram, the stability of limit cycles is tested by analysing the fixed point of the corresponding Poincare map. Stability analysis of the periodic orbits leads to the observation that in the parameter space, there are regions of phase coexistence where chaotic or spatiotemporally intermittent behaviour coexists with periodic behaviour. When corrections in the imposed velocity field due to the order parameter stress were taken into account and the order parameter response was looked into at several points in the parameter space, the modified equations of motion were found to reproduce the earlier behaviour in all the different regimes if the value of a dimensionless viscosity parameter is taken to be such that the bare viscous stress overrides the order parameter stress. The phase boundaries are however different from the ones seen in the earlier model. However, for a choice of the viscosity parameter such that the order parameter stress and the bare viscous stress are comparable, we see two distinctly different attractors: a banded, periodic one that is common to both α1equalto 0, and not equal to 0 and a banded chaotic one for α1not equal to 0. Here, α1is a parameter that governs the nonlinearity in the stretching of the order parameter tensor along the direction of the applied shear. Quantitative analysis of the various chaotic attractors throws up not only positive Lyapunov exponents but also that the banded chaos is a “flip-flop” kind of chaos where the switching between two long-lived states of high and lows hear stress is chaotic, where as the behaviour in either of the two states is periodic, with either a single, isolated frequency or a bunch of harmonics. Also, the spatial correlation of the shear stress in the chaotic attractors is of much larger range than the temporal correlation, the latter being almost delta-function-like. On increasing the temperature of the system till it is above the isotropic–nematic transition temperature in the absence of shear, we find that under shear, similar attractors as those in the nematic case are observed, both for passive advection and for the full 1D hydrodynamics. This is an encouraging result since actual experiments are performed at a temperature for which the system is in the isotropic phase in the absence of shear. Thus for the 1D system, the parameter space has been explored quite extensively. Considering spatial variations only along the gradient axis of the system under shear is not enough since experiments have observed interesting behaviour in the vorticity plane in which Taylor velocity rolls were noted. Hence taking the system to 2D was necessary. Our numerical study of the 2D system under shear is incomplete because we came across computational difficulties. However, on shorter time scales we have seen a two-banded state with an oscillating interface and Taylor velocity rolls as well. The methodology used for the 2D study can also be used to reproduce the 1D results by the simple step of taking initial condition with no variation in the vorticity direction. This automatically ensures that no variation in the vorticity direction ever builds up because the equations of motion ensure that these variations in the system do not grow by themselves unless fed in at the start. Using this method, we were able to reproduce all the attractors found in the 1D calculation. Thus the 1D attractors have been observed using two different methods of calculation. Further work on the full 2D numerics needs to be done because we believe that spatiotemporally complex steady-state attractor s exist in the 2D system also for appropriate values of the parameters.

The work presented in this doctoral thesis employs colloidal suspensions to explore key open problems in condensed matter physics. Colloidal suspensions, along with gels, polymers, emulsions and liquid crystals belong to a family of materials that are collectively labelled as soft matter. Compositionally, colloidal suspensions consist of particles whose size ranges from a few nanometers to a few microns, dispersed in a solvent. A hallmark feature of these systems is that they exhibit Brownian motion, which makes them suitable for investigating statistical mechanical phenomena. Over the last fifteen years or so, colloids have been used extensively as model systems to shed light on a wide array of such phenomena typically observed in atomic systems. The chief reason why colloids are good mimics of atomic systems is their large size and slow dynamics. Unlike atomic systems, the dynamics of colloids can be probed in real time with single-particle resolution, which allows one to establish the link between macroscopic behavior and the microscopic processes that give rise to it. Yet another important feature is that colloidal systems exhibit various phases of matter such as crystals, liquids and glasses, which makes them versatile model systems that can probe a broad class of condensed matter physics problems. The work described in this thesis takes advantage of these lucrative features of colloidal suspensions to gain deeper insights into the physics of glass formation as well as shear-induced anisotropic grain growth in polycrystalline materials. The thesis is organized into two preliminary chapters, four work chapters and a concluding chapter, as follows. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to colloidal suspensions and reviews the chief theo-retical concepts regarding glass formation and grain boundary dynamics that form an integral part of subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 describes the experimental methods used for performing the work presented in the thesis and consists of two parts. The first part describes the protocols followed for synthesizing the size-tunable poly (N-isoprolypacrylamide) (PNIPAm) particles used in our study of shear-induced grain growth. The second part describes the instrumentation and techniques, such as holographic optical tweezers, confocal microscopy, rheology and Bragg diffraction microscopy, used to perform the measurements described in the thesis. Chapter 3 deals with our work on the dynamical facilitation (DF) theory of glass forma-tion. Despite decades of research, it remains to be established whether the transformation of a liquid into a glass is fundamentally thermodynamic or dynamic in origin. While obser-vations of growing length scales are consistent with thermodynamic perspectives, the purely dynamic approach of the DF theory has thus far lacked experimental support. Further, for glass transitions induced by randomly freezing a subset of particles in the liquid phase, theory and simulations support the existence of an underlying thermodynamic phase transi-tion, whereas the DF theory remains unexplored. In Chapter 3, using video microscopy and holographic optical tweezers, we show that dynamical facilitation in a colloidal glass-forming liquid grows with density as well as the fraction of pinned particles. In addition, we observe that heterogeneous dynamics in the form of string-like cooperative motion, which is consid-ered to be consistent with thermodynamic theories, can also emerge naturally within the framework of facilitation. These findings suggest that a deeper understanding of the glass transition necessitates an amalgamation of existing theoretical approaches. In Chapter 4, we further explore the question of whether glass formation is an intrinsi-cally thermodynamic or dynamic phenomenon. A major obstacle in answering this question lies in determining whether relaxation close to the glass transition is dominated by activated hopping, as espoused by various thermodynamic theories, or by the correlated motion of localized excitations, as proposed in the Dynamical Facilitation (DF) approach. In Chapter 4, we surmount this central challenge by developing a scheme based on real space micro-scopic analysis of particle dynamics and applying it to ascertain the relative importance of hopping and facilitation in a colloidal glass-former. By analysing the spatial organization of excitations within cooperatively rearranging regions (CRRs) and examining their parti-tioning into shell-like and core-like regions, we establish the existence of a crossover from a facilitation-dominated regime at low area fractions to a hopping-dominated one close to the glass transition. Remarkably, this crossover coincides with the change in morphology of CRRs predicted by the Random First-Order Transition theory (RFOT), a prominent ther-modynamic framework. Further, we analyse the variation of the concentration of excitations with distance from an amorphous wall and find that the evolution of these concentration profiles with area fraction is consistent with the presence of a crossover in the relaxation mechanism. By identifying regimes dominated by distinct dynamical processes, our study offers microscopic insights into the nature of structural relaxation close to the glass transi-tion. In Chapter 5, we extend our investigation of the glass transition to systems composed of anisotropic particles. The primary motivation for this is to bridge a long-standing di-vide between theories and simulations on one hand, and experiments on molecular liquids on the other. In particular, theories and simulations predominantly focus on simple glass-formers composed of spherical particles interacting via isotropic interactions. Indeed, even the prominent theory of Dynamical Facilitation has not even been formulated to account for anisotropic shapes or interactions. On the other hand, an overwhelming majority of liquids possess considerable anisotropy, both in particle shape as well as interactions. In Chapter 5, we mitigate this situation by developing the DF theory further and applying it to systems with orientational degrees of freedom as well as anisotropic attractive interactions. By analyzing data from experiments on colloidal ellipsoids, we show that facilitation plays a pivotal role in translational as well as orientational relaxation. Further, we demonstrate that the introduction of attractive interactions leads to spatial decoupling of translational and rotational facilitation, which subsequently results in the decoupling of dynamical het-erogeneities. Most strikingly, the DF theory can predict the existence of reentrant glass transitions based on the statistics of localized dynamical events, called excitations, whose duration is substantially smaller than the structural relaxation time. Our findings pave the way for systematically testing the DF approach in complex glass-formers and also establish the significance of facilitation in governing structural relaxation in supercooled liquids. In Chapter 6, we turn our attention away from the glass transition and address the problem of grain growth in sheared polycrystalline materials. The fabrication of functional materials via grain growth engineering implicitly relies on altering the mobilities of grain boundaries (GBs) by applying external fields. While computer simulations have alluded to kinetic roughening as a potential mechanism for modifying GB mobilities, its implications for grain growth have remained largely unexplored owing to difficulties in bridging the disparate length and time scales involved. In Chapter 6, by imaging GB particle dynamics as well as grain network evolution under shear, we present direct evidence for kinetic roughening of GBs and unravel its connection to grain growth in driven colloidal polycrystals. The capillary fluctuation method allows us to quantitatively extract shear-dependent effective mobilities. Remarkably, our experiments reveal that for sufficiently large strains, GBs with normals parallel to shear undergo preferential kinetic roughening resulting in anisotropic enhancement of effective mobilities and hence directional grain growth. Single-particle level analysis shows that the anisotropy in mobility emerges from strain-induced directional enhancement of activated particle hops normal to the GB plane. Finally, in Chapter 7, we present our conclusions and discuss possible future directions.

Dans la production d'électricité, un des leviers centraux pour réduire les détériorations et les pertes causées par l'humidité dans les turbines à vapeur est l'étude des films liquides. Ces films minces, sont créés par la déposition de gouttes et sont fortement cisaillés. Des gouttes peuvent ensuite être arrachées du film. A l'heure actuelle, aucun modèle complet et valide n'existe pour décrire ce phénomène. Un modèle 2D à formulation intégrale associé à des lois de fermetures a été dérivé pour représenter ce film. Comparé aux équations classiques de Saint-Venant, le modèle prend en compte davantage d'effets : le transfert de masse, l'impact des gouttes, le cisaillement à la surface libre, la tension de surface, le gradient de pression et la rotation. Une analyse des propriétés du modèle (hyperbolicité, entropie, conservativité, analyse de stabilité linéaire, invariance par translation et par rotation) est réalisée pour juger de la pertinence du modèle. Un nouveau code 2D est implémenté dans un module de développement libre du code EDF Code Saturne et une méthode de volumes finis pour un maillage non-structure a été développée. La vérification du code est ensuite effectuée avec des solutions analytiques dont un problème de Riemann. Le modèle, qui dégénère en modèle classique de Saint-Venant pour le cas d'un film tombant sur un plan inclinée, est validé par l'expérience de Liu and Gollub, 1994, PoF et comparé à des modèles de références (Ruyer-Quil and Manneville, 2000, EPJ-B et Lavalle, 2014, PhD thesis). Un autre cas d'étude met en scène un film cisaillé en condition basse-pression de turbine à vapeur et, est validé par l'expérience de Hammitt et al., 1981, I. Enfin, le code film est couplé aux données 3D du champ de vapeur autour d'un stator d'une turbine basse-pression du parc EDF, issues de Blondel, 2014, PhD thesis. Cette application industrielle montre la faisabilité d'une simulation d'un film en condition réelle du turbine à vapeur. / In the electricity production, one central key to reduce damages and losses due to wetness in steam turbines is the study of liquid films. These thin films are created by the deposition of droplets and are highly sheared. This film may then be atomized into coarse water. At the moment, no comprehensive and validated model exists to describe this phenomenon. A 2D model based on a integral formulation associated with closure laws is developed to represent this film. Compared to classical Shallow-Water equation, the model takes into account additional effect : mass transfer, droplet impact, shearing at the free surface, surface tension, pressure gradient and the rotation. The model properties (hyperbolicity, entropy, conservativity, linear stability, Galilean invariance and rotational invariance) has been analyzed to judge the pertinence of the model. A new 2D code is implemented in a free module of the code EDF Code Saturne and a finite volume method for unstructured mesh has been developed. The verification of the code is then carried out with analytical solutions including a Riemann problem. The model, which degenerates into classical Shallow-Water equations for the case of a falling liquid film on a inclined plane, is validated by the experiment of Liu and Gollub, 1994, PoF and compared to reference models (Ruyer-Quil and Manneville, 2000, EPJ-B et Lavalle, 2014, PhD thesis). Another study depicts a sheared film under low-pressure steam turbine conditions and is validated by the experiment of Hammitt et al., 1981, FiI. Lastly, the code film is coupled to 3D steam data around a fixed blade of a BP100 turbine, from Blondel, 2014, PhD thesis. This industrial application shows the feasibility of liquid film's simulation in real steam turbine condition.