Les canopées sont des assemblées compactes de plantes dont l'étude concerne de nombreuses problématiques environnementales. Des applications technologiques sont également envisageables. Les précédents travaux se sont principalement focalisés sur les écoulements au-dessus des canopées, considérées comme des rugosités de fond. La présence d'un point d'inflexion dans le profil de vitesses dans le fluide autorise le développement d'instabilités de type couche de mélange à l'interface. De plus, la prise en compte de la flexibilité des plantes complique le problème, car leur forme est modifiée par le courant pour réduire la traînée exercée sur elles --c'est le phénomène de reconfiguration-- mais elles ont également une dynamique propre qui peut éventuellement influencer l'écoulement. La démarche envisagée dans cette thèse est essentiellement expérimentale. Elle cherche à comprendre la réaction des tiges à différents types d'écoulements, afin d'étudier les effets collectifs inhérents à la canopée, et d'identifier les mécanismes communs qui en sont à l'origine. On utilise pour cela des tiges modèles très simples dans un canal étroit, ce qui assure une configuration quasi 2D et facilite les observations. Dans un premier temps, on étudie la réaction statique de la canopée à un écoulement établi. L'effet de la densité est très clair tant que les plantes sont assez proches, sinon elles se comportent comme si elles étaient seules. Ensuite, la canopée est soumise à un écoulement oscillant (houle), et, de la même façon, on étudie la différence de réaction entre une tige seule et une tige incluse dans une canopée. La troisième partie s'intéresse à la dynamique de la canopée soumise à un écoulement unidirectionnel, permettant le développement d'instabilités au sommet de la canopée. Le régime de grandes ondulations cohérentes de la canopée, apparenté au ‘monami' de la littérature, est caractérisé / Vegetation in rivers is often considered as a source of water resistance which slows down the water conveyance. It is also one of the main component for river equilibrium, insofar as it prevents body erosion by providing bed stabilization, it plays a vital role during floods. It is crucial for sediment transport, water quality and also shelter to provide the necessary habitat for the biodiversity of aquatic species. It is then useful to understand the mechanical behaviour of aquatic canopies resulting from the interaction between vegetation and a water flow. From land-use planning to river management, such a knowledge would also shed light upon plant biomechanics and improve bio-inspired engineering.Traditionally, studies on aquatic vegetation explored its influence on flow properties, like velocity distribution, wake dynamics, turbulence, water conveyance and sediment transport by considering it simply as a rigid or flexible roughness element.This thesis is an experimental work which aims at understanding how a model canopy reacts to a water flow depending on the canopy geometry and the flow conditions. Three different series of experiments are performed.First, the effect of density on the canopy reconfiguration and the corresponding drag reduction is investigated. The drag acting on the canopy, and also on individual sheets, is systematically measured. A strong sheltering effect exists as long as the spacing is smaller than a critical value depending on the sheet width.Then, the canopy is submitted to a wave flow to test its sensibility to a determined frequency. Each stem is found to act like a forced oscillator with a strong resonance at natural frequency (modified by canopy density).Finally, a parallel free flow allows mixing layer instabilities to develop above the canopy. Different behaviour are observed and characterized, especially the large coherent waving called 'monami'

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-02-06T18:48:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SOFIA CREATO BONFATTI.pdf: 2854097 bytes, checksum: b8fc8b68d95934d397d2f3fda24bbbf7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-06T18:48:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SOFIA CREATO BONFATTI.pdf: 2854097 bytes, checksum: b8fc8b68d95934d397d2f3fda24bbbf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-05 / Within the context of the researches about institutional sheltering, we can observe little emphasis on the adolescent?s departure from the shelter home, even in studies which focus on the emotional experience of the sheltered young people. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the emotional-affective sense attributed by sheltered adolescents to the moment of departure from the institutional shelter, having as its guiding principle the story of sheltering and departing from the shelter home. As methodological resource, we used an Interactive Narrative (IN) which consisted of a fictitious tale designed by the researcher so that the participants would create an ending for the drama presented by two adolescents that see themselves facing the possibility of one of them leaving the shelter home. Fourteen adolescents participated of this study whose frame has configured as one collective interview with 10 girls, one collective interview with 3 boys and one individual interview with 1 girl. The account of the three encounters was registered in the shape of the Transferential Narratives and, subsequently, taken for psychoanalytical analysis concurrently with the data from the IN. From this interpretation, three fields of emotional-affective sense which were able to translate dramatically the participants? experience: the field ?It?s too much for one person to handle by herself?, which presents the insufficient environment that preceded the institutionalization; ?I want to move back in with my mother?, which alludes to the desire of returning to the family of origin, usually accompanied by the idealization of the parental figures; and ?A cradle that stood in for a mother?, which reveals the ambivalence of the participants when facing the affection from their home in opposition to the safety of the shelter home. We conclude that the departure from the institutional shelter as a dislodging experience calls for the psychic elaboration of the previously experienced dislodgments, which have resulted in the aforementioned feeling of unpreparedness to leave the institution. In this context of abandonment and neglect always relived, the participants demand a tender care which combined the technical care to the affective so as to overcome the dissociations and to strengthen themselves for the future departure to the world. / No horizonte das pesquisas sobre o acolhimento institucional observa-se pouca ?nfase ? sa?da do adolescente do abrigo, mesmo naqueles estudos que se debru?am sobre a experi?ncia emocional dos jovens abrigados. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em compreender a experi?ncia emocional de adolescentes institucionalizados frente ? futura sa?da do abrigo, tendo como fio condutor a hist?ria de abrigamento e desabrigamento desses jovens. Como recurso metodol?gico foi utilizada uma Narrativa Interativa (NI) que consiste em uma hist?ria fict?cia elaborada pela pesquisadora para que os participantes criem um desfecho para o drama apresentado por dois personagens adolescentes que se veem diante da possibilidade de um deles sair do abrigo. Catorze adolescentes participaram do estudo cujo enquadre se configurou como uma entrevista coletiva com 10 meninas, uma entrevista coletiva com 3 meninos e uma entrevista individual com 1 menina. O relato dos tr?s encontros foi registrado na forma de Narrativas Tranferenciais e, posteriormente, tomado para an?lise psicanal?tica em conjunto com o material das NI. Dessa interpreta??o resultaram tr?s campos de sentido afetivo-emocional que traduzem dramaticamente a experi?ncia dos participantes: o campo ?? muito peso para uma pessoa s??, que apresenta o ambiente insuficiente que antecedeu a institucionaliza??o; ?Quero morar com a minha m?e?, que alude ao desejo de retornar ? fam?lia de origem, usualmente acompanhado pela idealiza??o das figuras parentais; e ?Um ber?o que lhe serviu de m?e?, que revela a ambival?ncia dos participantes frente ao afeto do lar colocado em oposi??o ? seguran?a do abrigo. Conclu?mos que a sa?da do abrigo como experi?ncia de desalojamento convoca a elabora??o ps?quica dos desabrigamentos anteriormente vividos, os quais resultam no mencionado sentimento de despreparo do jovem para a sa?da da institui??o. Nesse contexto de desamparo e neglig?ncia sempre revividos, os participantes reivindicam um cuidado sens?vel que alie o cuidado t?cnico ao afetivo de modo a superar dissocia??es e fortalecer-se para a futura sa?da para o mundo.

Many potential small wind turbine locations are near obstacles such as buildings and shelterbelts, which can have a significant, detrimental effect on the local wind climate. This thesis describes the creation of a new model which can predict the wind speed, turbulence intensity, and wind power density at any point in an obstacle’s region of influence, relative to unsheltered conditions. Artificial neural networks were used to learn the relationship between an obstacle’s characteristics and its effects on the local wind. The neural network was trained using measurements collected in the wakes of scale models exposed to a simulated atmospheric boundary layer in a wind tunnel. A field experiment was conducted to validate the wind tunnel measurements. Model predictions are most accurate in the far wake region. The estimated mean uncertainties associated with model predictions of velocity deficit, power density deficit, and turbulence intensity excess are 5.0%, 15%, and 12.8%, respectively. / Industrial collaborators: Weather INnovations Inc., Wenvor Technologies Inc. / Ontario Centre of Excellence for Energy

The issue of the institutionalization of children and adolescents until attaining legal adulthood is revealed within a context of scarce academic productions. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the meaning of the experience of attaining legal adulthood by the institutionalized subject who had no chance of being adopted and whose family had the parental rights ousted, and to intertwine this experience with the author‟s trajectory of eighteen years working as a judicial psychologist dealing with similar cases. Semi-structured interviews were directed to a seventeen-year-old female adolescent, on the verge of leaving the shelter, and to two of her colleagues, included in the research by demand of the first one. The psychoanalytic method, by means of interpretation, based the research, and fairy tales were utilized as metaphors in the analysis of this listening to the subject of the unconscious. The institutionalization until legal adulthood is experienced as being imprisoned in a place where the moment lived by the adolescent is denied, and also where the previous history of the subject is erased. The judicial psychologist, caught in the institutional webs and traps, is seen as a tormentor who, upon listening to the teenager, contributes to his/her institutionalization. The institutional sheltering of the adolescent whose family had the parental rights ousted signaled a recrudescence of the subject‟s helplessness and also the lack of a kind of work which created opportunities for the elaboration of losses. / O tema da institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes até a obtenção da maioridade civil revela-se dentro de um contexto de escassas produções acadêmicas. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o sentido da experiência da obtenção da maioridade do sujeito institucionalizado que não teve a chance da adoção e cuja família foi destituída do poder familiar e entrelaçar essa experiência à trajetória de dezoito anos da psicóloga judicial que atendeu casos semelhantes a este. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram dirigidas a uma adolescente de dezessete anos, prestes a deixar o abrigo, e a duas colegas dela, inseridas na pesquisa por uma exigência da primeira. O método psicanalítico embasou a pesquisa por meio da interpretação e os contos de fadas foram utilizados como metáforas na análise dessa escuta do sujeito do inconsciente. A institucionalização até a maioridade é vivenciada como uma prisão em um lugar onde é negado o momento vivido pelo adolescente, bem como há o apagamento da história pregressa do sujeito. A psicóloga judicial, presa nas teias e nas armadilhas institucionais, é vista como um algoz que ao ouvir o adolescente, contribui para o seu abrigamento. O acolhimento institucional do adolescente cuja família foi destituída do poder familiar sinalizou para um recrudescimento do desamparo do sujeito e também para a falta de um trabalho que lhe oportunizasse a elaboração das perdas. / Mestre em Psicologia Aplicada

Trailing edge noise control is an important problem associated mainly with wind turbines. As turbulence in the air flows over a wind turbine blade, it impacts the trailing edge and scatters, producing noise. Traditional methods of noise control involve modifying the physical trailing edge, or the scattering efficiency. Recently, inspired by the downy covering of owl feathers, researchers developed treatments that can be applied to the trailing edge to significantly reduce trailing edge noise. It was hypothesized that the noise reduction was due to manipulating the incoming turbulence, rather than the physical trailing edge itself, representing a new method of noise control. However, only acoustic measurements were reported, meaning the associated flow physics were still unknown. This thesis describes a comprehensive wall jet experiment to measure the flow effects near the bio-inspired treatments, termed “finlets” and “rails,” and relate those flow effects to the noise reduction. This was done using far-field microphones, a single hot-wire probe, and surface pressure fluctuation microphones. The far-field noise results showed that each treatment successfully reduced the noise, by up to 7 dB in some cases. The surface pressure measurements showed that the spanwise coherence was slightly reduced when the treatments were applied to the trailing edge. The velocity measurements clearly established the presence of a shear layer near the top of the treatments. As a whole, the dataset led to the shear-sheltering hypothesis: the bio-inspired treatments are effective based on reducing the spanwise pressure correlation and by sheltering the trailing edge from turbulent structures with the shear layer they create. / Master of Science / This thesis describes a project aimed at developing a technology inspired by the silent flight of owls, with the end goal of using this technology to reduce the noise generated by wind turbines. Specifically, the phenomenon known as "trailing edge noise" is the primary source of wind turbine noise, and is the noise source of interest here. It occurs when air turbulence (which can be thought of as unsteady air fluctuations) crashes into the rear (trailing) edge of wind turbine blades, scattering and producing noise. Typically, methods of reducing this noise source involve changing the shape of the trailing edge; this may not always be practical for existing wind turbines. Recently, inspired by the downy covering of owl feathers, researchers developed treatments that can be applied directly to the trailing edge, significantly reducing trailing edge noise. This bio-inspired concept was verified with numerous acoustic measurements. Based on those measurements, researchers hypothesized that the noise reduction was achieved by manipulating the incoming turbulence before it scattered off the trailing edge, rather than by changing the existing wind turbine blade, representing a new method of trailing edge noise control. However, as only acoustic measurements (not flow measurements) were reported, the changes in turbulence could not be examined. With the above motivation in mind, this thesis describes a comprehensive wind tunnel experiment to measure the changes in the aerodynamics and turbulence near the bio-inspired treatments, and relate those changes to the reduction in trailing edge noise. This was done using a hot-wire probe to measure the aerodynamics, as well as microphones to measure the radiated noise and surface pressure fluctuations. As a whole, the experimental results led to the shear-sheltering hypothesis: the bio-inspired treatments are effective based on the creation of a shear layer (a thin region between areas with different air speeds) which shelters the trailing edge from some turbulence, as well as by de-correlating surface pressure fluctuations along the trailing edge.

Cette étude, en partenariat avec l'AFB (Agence Française pour la Biodiversité), a pour objectif de comprendre le devenir des sédiments qui ont été bloqués dans des barrages hydrauliques. Lors des « chasses » (lâchers massifs d’eau) réalisées pour assurer la continuité écologique des cours d'eau avec retenues, une certaine quantité de sédiments est relarguée en aval de la retenue, cessédiments sont ensuite transportés sur un fond de rugosités immobiles à différentes échelles(gravier, galets, rochers). L'objectif de cette thèse est donc d'étudier comment la présence de grains grossiers et immobiles peut avoir un effet sur les différentes échelles du transport de sédiment. Au travers de trois études expérimentales en canaux hydrauliques à surface libre, dans lesquelles les grains grossiers immobiles sont modélisés par une canopée d'hémisphères régulièrement espacés, différents impacts de la présence des rugosités immobiles sont mis en exergue. Une étude préliminaire a tout d'abord pour objectif de comprendre comment l'apparition d'une rugosité isolée dans du sédiment a pour effet de modifier les conditions d’hydrodynamique locale à l’amont de cette rugosité, en particulier par la mise en place d'un système de tourbillon(tourbillon en fer à cheval) pouvant accentuer le taux d'érosion locale. Ce tourbillon, très documenté pour des rugosités à géométrie simple, demeure très peu étudié dans le cas d'obstacle aux parois courbées de type grains de rivière. Cette étude montre alors que les dimensions et l'intensité du tourbillon en fer à cheval sont plus faibles dans le cas d'un obstacle aux parois inclinées et courbées que dans le cas d'un obstacle aux parois normales au fond, cephénomène étant expliqué par la facilité du fluide à contourner et l'obstacle, et donc la diminution du gradient de pression adverse à l'amont de l'obstacle, responsable du décollement de la couche limite incidente et de la formation du tourbillon en fer à cheval. Dans une seconde étude,l'hydrodynamique locale proche de sédiment placé dans un patch d'hémisphères est mesuré, pour différents niveaux de découvrement du patch et pour du sédiment collé au fond du canal. Il apparaît qu'en fonction du découvrement ($P = k/R$ avec $k$ la hauteur découverte d'une rugosité et $R$ sa hauteur totale), de forte variations locales de contrainte et de niveaux de turbulence au fond se mettent en place, le sédiment étant soumis à des sur-contraintesimportantes à l'arrière des rugosités pour $P = 20\%$, mais protégés pour des découvrements plus importants. Une analyse par quadrants montre alors que ce phénomène peut être expliqué par la capacité des événements turbulents instantanés de forte intensité à pénétrer entre les hémisphères pour atteindre le sédiment. Une troisième étude dans un canal aux dimensions plus importantes consiste à analyser la déstabilisation d’un lit sédimentaire initialement plat être couvrant totalement une canopée d’hémisphères immobiles. En début de la déstabilisation du lit,des dunes se forment et croissent, jusqu'à ce que leur volume devienne limité par l'apport initial de sédiment. Des zones érodées apparaissent alors entre ces dunes, dans lesquelles on observe du sédiment protégé entre les hémisphères immobiles. Il apparaît alors que cette protection est dépendante de la dimension des zones érodées. Sur les temps longs et après évacuation des dunes en aval du canal, l'effet de protection des hémisphères immobiles sur le sédiment est mis en avant, avec en particulier l'obtention d'une forte dépendance du taux d'érosion des grains en fonction du niveau de découvrement des hémisphères, un ralentissement soudain de l'érosionétant obtenu pour $P \sim 50 %. Ce changement de régime est expliqué en lien avec les résultats de l’étude précédente sur les groupes d’hémisphères. / This study is part of a project with the AFB (French Agency for Biodiversity), that aims to have abetter understanding of the remobilization of the sediment previously trapped in dams. After dambreaks, an amount of sediment is deposited downstream of the dam, this sediment being then setin motion on a bed of multi-scale immobile grains (gravels, rocks, boulders). The aim of this thesiswork is to study how coarse immobile grains can have an effect on the different scales of sedimenttransport. Thanks to three experimental studies in laboratory flumes, in which immobile coarsegrains are represented by a canopy of hemispheres, several effects of the roughness elements onsediment transport are emphasised. A preliminary study first aims to understand how theprotrusion of an isolated hemisphere impacts the local hydrodynamics upstream of thishemisphere, specifically through the horseshoe vortex developping near the roughness elementwall that can increases local grain entrainment rate. The horseshoe vortex, although deeplydocumented for simple roughness elements (cube, cylinder), remains poorly studied for roughnesselements with tilted or curved front wall like river coarse grains. This study shows that thedimensions and intensity of the horseshoe vortex are weaker for an obstacle with tilted wall thanfor an obstacle with bottom normal wall. This phenomenon is explained by the weaker adversepressure gradient developping upstream of the titlted wall, responsible for the boundary layerseparation and the horseshoe vortex formation. In a second study, the local hydrodynamics near aglued sediment bed placed in a patch of hemispherical roughness elements is studied, for severalprotrusion levels $P$ of the hemispheres (where $P = k/R$, with $k$ the height of the hemisphereprotruding over the sediment, and $R$ the total height of the hemisphere). It is shown that,depending on the protrusion of the hemispheres, strong local modifications of the near bedhydrodynamics can develop. For P = 20 %, zones of enhanced shear stress appear downstreamof the roughness elements, while for P \ge 20 %, this enhanced shear stress zones vanishes andthe sediment bed is sheltered. A quadrant analysis then shows that this phenomenon is explainedby the abality of intense instantaneous events to reach the sediment bed. A third experimentalstudy aims to analyze the erosion of a flat sediment bed initially uniformely covering a canopy ofstaggered hemispheres. In the beginning of the experiment, dunes are forming on the sedimentbed, until their volume is limited by the supply-limited sediment condition. Eroded areas thenappear between dunes, in which sediment is protected between the immobile hemispheres. Theanalyze shows that this protection is strongly dependant on the dimensions of the eroded areas.After dunes migrated downstream of the canal, the sheltering effect of the hemispheres isemphasised by measuring the erosion rate of the bed. It appears that the erosion rate is heavilydependant on the level of protrusion of the hemispheres, the erosion suddenly getting weaker forP \sim 50 %. This abrupt change of erosion regime is explained using the results of the previousstudy on local hydrodynamics in a patch of hemispheres.

Submitted by CARLA ANDRESSA PLACIDO RIBEIRO (carlaandressap@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-19T01:18:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE CARLA A P R de FRANÇA 2018.pdf: 4557572 bytes, checksum: 077b4fda143f51c13c2838d082e66658 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-07-19T13:23:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 franca_capr_dr_mar.pdf: 4557572 bytes, checksum: 077b4fda143f51c13c2838d082e66658 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T13:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 franca_capr_dr_mar.pdf: 4557572 bytes, checksum: 077b4fda143f51c13c2838d082e66658 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Propõe-se, neste trabalho, com base na perspectiva piagetiana, investigar, analisar e refletir a respeito das concepções e práticas educacionais dos acolhimentos institucionais e dos educadores desses serviços de acolhimento para crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco social do Estado de São Paulo. Para esse fim, primeiramente identifica as concepções e práticas educacionais morais das instituições e, seguidamente, as dos educadores de duas dessas instituições de acolhimento com práticas educativas diferenciadas (uma mais tradicional e moralizadora, e outra com educação ativa), relacionando-as com a legislação sobre o direito ao desenvolvimento moral. Assim, além do levantamento bibliográfico e documental, realizou-se uma investigação exploratória dividida em duas etapas. Para a primeira etapa contatou-se 163 instituições de acolhimento do Estado de São Paulo para o recrutamento para participarem de uma entrevista online (google docs), destes, obtivemos 22 respondentes. Considerando que uma instituição não é necessariamente representada apenas pela visão de um de seus integrantes, obteve-se com os dados desta primeira etapa uma indicação de como o respondente qualifica sua instituição, sendo assim, pode-se verificar que grande parte dos respondentes indicou que sua instituição tende a uma educação mais ativa. A partir desses resultados, pode-se destacar e escolher duas instituições que se opuseram extremamente em suas respostas para participarem da etapa subsequente. Para a segunda etapa fez-se uso de entrevista semiestruturada com os educadores/cuidadores e coordenação dessas instituições, além de observação da rotina por seis dias consecutivos (seis horas por dia) em cada uma, seguindo um roteiro de observação. Para análise dos resultados da entrevista semiestruturada, utilizou-se a metodologia de Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, que deu voz à coletividade da equipe de educadores da instituição, expondo suas concepções e práticas educativas, a fim de entender o modelo pedagógico inerente à rotina das instituições investigadas. Os resultados demonstram que o trabalho educativo em uma instituição de acolhimento para crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco social inclui diversos atributos e complexidades que influenciam diretamente na concepção e prática de uma educação moral. A falta de comunicação e clareza entre a equipe técnica e educadores sobre o fim que se espera para a educação dos acolhidos e os processos para se chegar a esse fim desejado têm resultado em concepções e práticas destoadas, possibilitando ações educativas não refletidas e isoladas do todo. Além disso, a falta de orientação/capacitação e formação continuada para os educadores, que permita se desvencilhar do senso comum e busque atingir os direitos legalmente alcançados, e a falta de um momento interativo com o objetivo de educadores compartilharem estratégias, problemas e aflições sobre as práticas educativas na instituição, dificulta o estabelecimento de um plano conjunto de ações educativas evidentes a todos e em momentos de reflexão e avaliação de suas práticas. Nessa perspectiva, acredita-se que se deve ter um olhar atento e ações mais efetivas da equipe educativa (equipe técnica, educadores/cuidadores e auxiliar de educador/cuidador) sobre a educação moral dos acolhidos, assim como das políticas públicas e de pesquisadores, em parceria com os serviços de acolhimento. / Based on the Piagetian perspective, it is proposed to investigate, analyze and reflect on the educational conceptions and practices of institutional sheltering and educators of these reception services for children and adolescents in situations of social risk in the State of São Paulo. For this purpose, it’s first identified the moral educational conceptions and practices of two institutions and then, the conceptions of the educators with differentiated educational practices (one more traditional and moralizing and the other with an active education), relating them to the legislation about the right of moral development. Thus, besides the bibliographical and documentary survey, an exploratory investigation was accomplished divided in two stages. For the first stage, 163 institutions of the State of São Paulo were contacted for recruitment to participate in an online interview (google docs), from all of them, we obtained 22 respondents. Since an institution is not only represented by the vision of one of its member, it was obtained as a result, in the first stage an indication of how a respondent qualifies the institution, so it can be verified that most respondents indicated that their institution tends to a more active education. From these results, it was highlighted and chosen two institutions that oppose their responses to participate in the subsequent stage. For a second step, the semi-structured interview method was used with the educators / supervisors, besides an observation of the routine for six consecutive hours of six consecutive days in each one, following an observation script. For the analysis of the results of the semi-structured interview, the methodology of the Discourse of the Collective Subject was used, giving voice to the collective of the educational institution educators, exposing their conceptions and educational practices, in order to understand the pedagogical model of teaching inherent to the routine of the institutions that were investigated. The results demonstrate that the educational work in an educational sheltering institution for children and adolescents at social risk includes several attributes and complexities that directly influence the conception and practice of a moral education. The lack of communication and clarity between the technical team and the educators about the expected end of the education of those who were welcomed and the processes to achieve that, have resulted in dissonant conceptions and practices, enabling educational actions not reflected and isolated from the whole. In addition, the lack of orientation / training and continued formation for educators, which allows them to get rid of the common sense in order to reach the legally achieved rights, and the lack of a moment of interaction with the goal of educators share strategies, problems and afflictions about the educational practices in the institution, makes it difficult to establish a plan of evident educational actions to all moments of reflection and evaluation of their practices. From this perspective, it is believed that it’s necessary to have a closer look and more effective actions from the educational team (technical staff, educators / caretakers and auxiliary of educator / caregiver) about the moral education of the welcomed children or adolescents, as well as public policies and researchers, in partnership with the host services.

Esta investigação se inscreve no campo da educação, mais especificadamente nos processos educativos não formais. Trata das trajetórias de vida de crianças e adolescentes que passaram por medida de proteção de acolhimento institucional, constituindo, dessa forma, o objeto de investigação desse estudo. Os procedimentos administrativos pertencentes ao Ministério Público – 4ª Promotoria de Justiça Especializada da Infância e Juventude da Cidade de Caxias do Sul no período compreendido entre os anos 1990 a 2011, bem como as narrativas produzidas em entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro egressos dos serviços de acolhimento do município, constituem o corpus empírico deste texto, o qual foi construído na perspectiva da análise textual discursiva, metodologia de tratamento dos dados cunhada por Roque Moraes (2011). Os percursos metodológicos passaram também pelos preceitos da história cultural, incluindo a história oral e a análise documental. A pesquisa objetivou entender os motivos e significados que levaram crianças e adolescentes ao afastamento da família, alguns nem sempre como uma medida provisória, como orienta o Estatuto da Criança e dos Adolescentes (ECA). A análise do material construído apontou que dois acolhidos, do sexo masculino, vivenciaram a situação de acolhimento de forma satisfatória, uma vez que apreenderam vivências e experiências que consideram hoje contribuir para suas relações familiares e sociais; em contrapartida, as duas outras entrevistadas narraram um grande ressentimento ao não terem seus sentimentos reconhecidos e respeitados pelos profissionais que exercem as suas atividades laborativas nas instituições, e ainda, salientaram os malefícios da transferência de instituições quando completaram doze anos de idade. Os procedimentos do Ministério Público corroboraram com os dados disponibilizados pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, destacando que há na cidade mais sujeitos do sexo masculino em situação de acolhimento do que do sexo feminino. Ainda, apontaram a falta de conhecimento e preparo, por parte do Conselho Tutelar, no momento de afastar uma criança/adolescente de seu núcleo familiar de origem. De forma complementar, realizou-se uma análise das constâncias e (in) constâncias jurídicas na história da infância no Brasil, utilizando como contribuição teórica o entendimento de Norbert Elias (1993, 1994, 2011). Para a efetivação do estudo, procurou-se estabelecer um diálogo com autores que discorrem sobre os temas analisados, tais como: Claudia Fonseca (2000, 2006, 2009, 2012), Irene Rizzini (2000, 2007, 2008), Vicente Faleiros (1995, 2008), Renato Caminha (1999), Maria Luiza Marcílio (2006), entre outros. Com as análises efetivadas, o texto concluiu que o conjunto de leis e diretrizes contribuem para o fortalecimento do trabalho realizado com este público, contudo ainda faltam políticas públicas articuladas, que previnam o rompimento de laços familiares e comunitários das crianças e adolescentes do nosso país. Estima-se que a contribuição da pesquisa está, pois, na articulação entre aspectos de uma história de longa duração – o processo de institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil – e uma história do tempo presente – trazendo parte dos territórios íntimos dos sujeitos abrigados e/ou acolhidos, em contextos de alargamento da compreensão da educação para além dos muros da escola, vinculando-a a um processo de socialização. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T12:21:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Letícia Borges Poletto.pdf: 7558623 bytes, checksum: 7edaa93f39ac68dae62dbd9b760406a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T12:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Letícia Borges Poletto.pdf: 7558623 bytes, checksum: 7edaa93f39ac68dae62dbd9b760406a3 (MD5) / This research is inscribed into the area of education, more specifically into non-formal educative processes. It deals with life stories of children and teenagers who were sheltered by institutions, as a means of protection, and who are the object of research in this study. The empirical corpus of this text is constituted by administrative proceedings belonging to the State Public Prosecution Office-4th Department of Justice Specialized in Children and Young People of Caxias do Sul- in the period of 1990 to 2011, together with narratives produced in semi-structured interviews, involving four former institution sheltered young people of the municipality of Caxias do Sul. This corpus was built following the approach of discursive textual analysis, a methodology of data treatment coined by Roque Moraes (2011). Methodological routes passed through cultural history commandments, including oral history and documental analysis. The research had the aim of understanding causes and meanings that led children and young people to keep distance from their families, many of them without the support of a provisional measure, as the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) (Children’s Rights Statute) suggests. The analysis of the constructed material indicated that two of the sheltered boys, had a good experience when admitted in the institutions, as they apprehended experiences they consider to contribute, nowadays, in their family and social relationships; but two of the girls reported a great resentment because they did not have their feelings recognized and respected by people who worked in institutions. They also emphasized the bad effect of transfer from one institution to another one when they were twelve years old. The State Public Prosecution Office’s proceedings corroborated the data presented by National Justice Council, noting that there are more boys than girls who are sheltered in institutions. This organ also pointed at the Conselho Tutelar’s (Guardianship Council) lack of knowledge and preparation at the time of taking a child/teenager out of his/her family. As a complementation, it was made an analysis of permanence and nonpermanence of laws in the history of childhood in Brazil, using Norbert Elias (1993, 1994, 2011) theoretical contribution. To make this study effective, a dialogue involving authors who treat the analyzed topics, such as Claudia Fonseca (2000, 2006, 2009, 2012), Irene Rizzini (2000, 2007, 2008), Vicente Faleiros (1995, 2008), Renato Caminha (1999), Maria Luiza Marcílio (2006), among others, was proposed. After the finished analysis, the text concludes that the laws and norms contribute to strengthen work being done with this people, but there are still articulated public policies lacking, to avoid the break-up of family and community ties of Brazilian children and teenagers. It is estimated that the contribution of this research is the articulation between aspects of a long-term history- the process of institutionalization of children and teenagers in Brazil- and a present-time history- bringing a part of the intimate territories of sheltered and/or hosted, in contexts of widening of education comprehension, further from the school’s walls, linking school to a process of socialization.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:41:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Gomes de Figueiredo.pdf: 534615 bytes, checksum: d5fad190d913d4f98d3724087b5783a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / It deals with the stories of children and teens received in two shelter houses at the municipality of Vitória-ES. It shows the sheltering situation under the viewpoint of the sheltered individuals, prioritizing their perceptions about their own condition, as well about their familiar relationships and their expectative for the future. It rescues the Brazilian Childhood and Youth history since the colonization till the present time, crossed by the hygienism doctrine and also by the medical-judicial apparatus, as a relief tool of a specific population. It crosses the history of the Brazilian childhood-youth legislation, since the creation of the first Younger s Code till the implementation of the Childs and Teens Statute, in 1990. It utilizes the oral story as methodological tool. Analyses hegemonic practices that create subjectivities, built at the neo-liberal capitalist logic, which blame and hold responsible the families, in general the poor ones, considered unable to create their children within an instituted bourgeois style. It considers the speeches and practices built in those sheltering institutions which arrest the child and teen in their subjective constructions which label, stigmatize and characterize them as unstable which would justify their need of relief. It explains that, although the weakening of their previous familiar entails, the sheltering is not avoiding the formation of new affective nets and the new significance of family, school and their own future, creating other subjectivation modes. It concludes that, at the sheltering house, although the subjective construction which unpower/victimize the received children and teens, there are spaces for the invention of other ways to be and stay under shelter, ways that methods which individualize the human being / Trata das histórias de crianças e adolescentes abrigados em duas casas de acolhimento no município de Vitória-ES. Apresenta a situação de acolhimento sob o ponto de vista dos sujeitos acolhidos priorizando suas percepções sobre a própria condição, assim como sobre a de suas relações familiares e suas expectativas de futuro. Resgata a história da Infância e Juventude no Brasil desde a colonização até a atualidade, atravessada pela doutrina do higienismo e também pelo aparato médico-jurídico, como ferramenta de tutela de uma população específica. Percorre a história da legislação infanto-juvenil brasileira, desde a criação do primeiro Código de Menores até a implementação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, em 1990. Utiliza a história oral como ferramenta metodológica. Analisa práticas hegemônicas que produzem subjetividades, construídas na lógica do capitalismo neoliberal, as quais culpabilizam e responsabilizam famílias, em geral pobres, consideradas incapazes de criar seus filhos dentro de um modelo burguês instituído. Pondera sobre discursos e práticas construídas nessas instituições de acolhimento que aprisionam a criança e o adolescente em construções subjetivas as quais os rotulam, estigmatizam e os caracterizam como inseguros o que justificaria a sua necessidade de tutela. Explica que, apesar da fragilização dos vínculos familiares anteriores, o acolhimento não impede a formação de outras redes afetivas e a ressignificação de família, escola e do próprio futuro, criando outros modos de subjetivação. Conclui que, na casa de acolhimento, apesar da construção de subjetividades que despotencializam/vitimizam as crianças e adolescentes acolhidos, há espaços para invenção de outras formas de ser e de estar acolhido, formas que singularizam o sujeito

Esta investigação se inscreve no campo da educação, mais especificadamente nos processos educativos não formais. Trata das trajetórias de vida de crianças e adolescentes que passaram por medida de proteção de acolhimento institucional, constituindo, dessa forma, o objeto de investigação desse estudo. Os procedimentos administrativos pertencentes ao Ministério Público – 4ª Promotoria de Justiça Especializada da Infância e Juventude da Cidade de Caxias do Sul no período compreendido entre os anos 1990 a 2011, bem como as narrativas produzidas em entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro egressos dos serviços de acolhimento do município, constituem o corpus empírico deste texto, o qual foi construído na perspectiva da análise textual discursiva, metodologia de tratamento dos dados cunhada por Roque Moraes (2011). Os percursos metodológicos passaram também pelos preceitos da história cultural, incluindo a história oral e a análise documental. A pesquisa objetivou entender os motivos e significados que levaram crianças e adolescentes ao afastamento da família, alguns nem sempre como uma medida provisória, como orienta o Estatuto da Criança e dos Adolescentes (ECA). A análise do material construído apontou que dois acolhidos, do sexo masculino, vivenciaram a situação de acolhimento de forma satisfatória, uma vez que apreenderam vivências e experiências que consideram hoje contribuir para suas relações familiares e sociais; em contrapartida, as duas outras entrevistadas narraram um grande ressentimento ao não terem seus sentimentos reconhecidos e respeitados pelos profissionais que exercem as suas atividades laborativas nas instituições, e ainda, salientaram os malefícios da transferência de instituições quando completaram doze anos de idade. Os procedimentos do Ministério Público corroboraram com os dados disponibilizados pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, destacando que há na cidade mais sujeitos do sexo masculino em situação de acolhimento do que do sexo feminino. Ainda, apontaram a falta de conhecimento e preparo, por parte do Conselho Tutelar, no momento de afastar uma criança/adolescente de seu núcleo familiar de origem. De forma complementar, realizou-se uma análise das constâncias e (in) constâncias jurídicas na história da infância no Brasil, utilizando como contribuição teórica o entendimento de Norbert Elias (1993, 1994, 2011). Para a efetivação do estudo, procurou-se estabelecer um diálogo com autores que discorrem sobre os temas analisados, tais como: Claudia Fonseca (2000, 2006, 2009, 2012), Irene Rizzini (2000, 2007, 2008), Vicente Faleiros (1995, 2008), Renato Caminha (1999), Maria Luiza Marcílio (2006), entre outros. Com as análises efetivadas, o texto concluiu que o conjunto de leis e diretrizes contribuem para o fortalecimento do trabalho realizado com este público, contudo ainda faltam políticas públicas articuladas, que previnam o rompimento de laços familiares e comunitários das crianças e adolescentes do nosso país. Estima-se que a contribuição da pesquisa está, pois, na articulação entre aspectos de uma história de longa duração – o processo de institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil – e uma história do tempo presente – trazendo parte dos territórios íntimos dos sujeitos abrigados e/ou acolhidos, em contextos de alargamento da compreensão da educação para além dos muros da escola, vinculando-a a um processo de socialização. / This research is inscribed into the area of education, more specifically into non-formal educative processes. It deals with life stories of children and teenagers who were sheltered by institutions, as a means of protection, and who are the object of research in this study. The empirical corpus of this text is constituted by administrative proceedings belonging to the State Public Prosecution Office-4th Department of Justice Specialized in Children and Young People of Caxias do Sul- in the period of 1990 to 2011, together with narratives produced in semi-structured interviews, involving four former institution sheltered young people of the municipality of Caxias do Sul. This corpus was built following the approach of discursive textual analysis, a methodology of data treatment coined by Roque Moraes (2011). Methodological routes passed through cultural history commandments, including oral history and documental analysis. The research had the aim of understanding causes and meanings that led children and young people to keep distance from their families, many of them without the support of a provisional measure, as the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) (Children’s Rights Statute) suggests. The analysis of the constructed material indicated that two of the sheltered boys, had a good experience when admitted in the institutions, as they apprehended experiences they consider to contribute, nowadays, in their family and social relationships; but two of the girls reported a great resentment because they did not have their feelings recognized and respected by people who worked in institutions. They also emphasized the bad effect of transfer from one institution to another one when they were twelve years old. The State Public Prosecution Office’s proceedings corroborated the data presented by National Justice Council, noting that there are more boys than girls who are sheltered in institutions. This organ also pointed at the Conselho Tutelar’s (Guardianship Council) lack of knowledge and preparation at the time of taking a child/teenager out of his/her family. As a complementation, it was made an analysis of permanence and nonpermanence of laws in the history of childhood in Brazil, using Norbert Elias (1993, 1994, 2011) theoretical contribution. To make this study effective, a dialogue involving authors who treat the analyzed topics, such as Claudia Fonseca (2000, 2006, 2009, 2012), Irene Rizzini (2000, 2007, 2008), Vicente Faleiros (1995, 2008), Renato Caminha (1999), Maria Luiza Marcílio (2006), among others, was proposed. After the finished analysis, the text concludes that the laws and norms contribute to strengthen work being done with this people, but there are still articulated public policies lacking, to avoid the break-up of family and community ties of Brazilian children and teenagers. It is estimated that the contribution of this research is the articulation between aspects of a long-term history- the process of institutionalization of children and teenagers in Brazil- and a present-time history- bringing a part of the intimate territories of sheltered and/or hosted, in contexts of widening of education comprehension, further from the school’s walls, linking school to a process of socialization.